{"title":"Metal Ion Signaling in Biomedicine","authors":"Raphaël Rodriguez, Sebastian Müller, Ludovic Colombeau, Stéphanie Solier, Fabien Sindikubwabo, Tatiana Cañeque","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00577","url":null,"abstract":"Complex multicellular organisms are composed of distinct tissues involving specialized cells that can perform specific functions, making such life forms possible. Species are defined by their genomes, and differences between individuals within a given species directly result from variations in their genetic codes. While genetic alterations can give rise to disease-causing acquisitions of distinct cell identities, it is now well-established that biochemical imbalances within a cell can also lead to cellular dysfunction and diseases. Specifically, nongenetic chemical events orchestrate cell metabolism and transcriptional programs that govern functional cell identity. Thus, imbalances in cell signaling, which broadly defines the conversion of extracellular signals into intracellular biochemical changes, can also contribute to the acquisition of diseased cell states. Metal ions exhibit unique chemical properties that can be exploited by the cell. For instance, metal ions maintain the ionic balance within the cell, coordinate amino acid residues or nucleobases altering folding and function of biomolecules, or directly catalyze specific chemical reactions. Thus, metals are essential cell signaling effectors in normal physiology and disease. Deciphering metal ion signaling is a challenging endeavor that can illuminate pathways to be targeted for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review key cellular processes where metal ions play essential roles and describe how targeting metal ion signaling pathways has been instrumental to dissecting the biochemistry of the cell and how this has led to the development of effective therapeutic strategies.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00631
Shreyash Hadke, Min-A Kang, Vinod K. Sangwan, Mark C. Hersam
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing Hardware","authors":"Shreyash Hadke, Min-A Kang, Vinod K. Sangwan, Mark C. Hersam","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00631","url":null,"abstract":"Recent breakthroughs in brain-inspired computing promise to address a wide range of problems from security to healthcare. However, the current strategy of implementing artificial intelligence algorithms using conventional silicon hardware is leading to unsustainable energy consumption. Neuromorphic hardware based on electronic devices mimicking biological systems is emerging as a low-energy alternative, although further progress requires materials that can mimic biological function while maintaining scalability and speed. As a result of their diverse unique properties, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising building blocks for next-generation electronics including nonvolatile memory, in-memory and neuromorphic computing, and flexible edge-computing systems. Furthermore, 2D materials achieve biorealistic synaptic and neuronal responses that extend beyond conventional logic and memory systems. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the growth, fabrication, and integration of 2D materials and van der Waals heterojunctions for neuromorphic electronic and optoelectronic devices, circuits, and systems. For each case, the relationship between physical properties and device responses is emphasized followed by a critical comparison of technologies for different applications. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on the key remaining challenges and opportunities for neuromorphic applications that leverage the fundamental properties of 2D materials and heterojunctions.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142912130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2025-01-02DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00628
Sunny Gupta, Jun-Jie Zhang, Jincheng Lei, Henry Yu, Mingjie Liu, Xiaolong Zou, Boris I. Yakobson
{"title":"Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: A Theory and Simulation Perspective","authors":"Sunny Gupta, Jun-Jie Zhang, Jincheng Lei, Henry Yu, Mingjie Liu, Xiaolong Zou, Boris I. Yakobson","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00628","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) are a promising class of functional materials for fundamental physics explorations and applications in next-generation electronics, catalysis, quantum technologies, and energy-related fields. Theory and simulations have played a pivotal role in recent advancements, from understanding physical properties and discovering new materials to elucidating synthesis processes and designing novel devices. The key has been developments in <i>ab initio</i> theory, deep learning, molecular dynamics, high-throughput computations, and multiscale methods. This review focuses on how theory and simulations have contributed to recent progress in 2D TMDs research, particularly in understanding properties of twisted moiré-based TMDs, predicting exotic quantum phases in TMD monolayers and heterostructures, understanding nucleation and growth processes in TMD synthesis, and comprehending electron transport and characteristics of different contacts in potential devices based on TMD heterostructures. The notable achievements provided by theory and simulations are highlighted, along with the challenges that need to be addressed. Although 2D TMDs have demonstrated potential and prototype devices have been created, we conclude by highlighting research areas that demand the most attention and how theory and simulation might address them and aid in attaining the true potential of 2D TMDs toward commercial device realizations.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"50 29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2024-12-31DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00216
Yujia Huang, Pan Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Yan Chen, Tao Liu, Xiaozhou Luo
{"title":"Genetic Code Expansion: Recent Developments and Emerging Applications","authors":"Yujia Huang, Pan Zhang, Haoyu Wang, Yan Chen, Tao Liu, Xiaozhou Luo","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00216","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of genetic code expansion (GCE) has revolutionized the field of chemical and synthetic biology, enabling the site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins, thus opening new avenues in research and applications across biology and medicine. In this review, we cover the principles of GCE, including the optimization of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA system and the advancements in translation system engineering. Notable developments include the refinement of aaRS/tRNA pairs, enhancements in screening methods, and the biosynthesis of noncanonical amino acids. The applications of GCE technology span from synthetic biology, where it facilitates gene expression regulation and protein engineering, to medicine, with promising approaches in drug development, vaccine production, and gene editing. The review concludes with a perspective on the future of GCE, underscoring its potential to further expand the toolkit of biology and medicine. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of the current state of GCE technology, its challenges, opportunities, and the frontier it represents in the expansion of the genetic code for novel biological research and therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2024-12-27DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00587
Ruoyu Zhao, Seung Ju Kim, Yichun Xu, Jian Zhao, Tong Wang, Rivu Midya, Sabyasachi Ganguli, Ajit K. Roy, Madan Dubey, R. Stanley Williams, J. Joshua Yang
{"title":"Memristive Ion Dynamics to Enable Biorealistic Computing","authors":"Ruoyu Zhao, Seung Ju Kim, Yichun Xu, Jian Zhao, Tong Wang, Rivu Midya, Sabyasachi Ganguli, Ajit K. Roy, Madan Dubey, R. Stanley Williams, J. Joshua Yang","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00587","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional artificial intelligence (AI) systems are facing bottlenecks due to the fundamental mismatches between AI models, which rely on parallel, in-memory, and dynamic computation, and traditional transistors, which have been designed and optimized for sequential logic operations. This calls for the development of novel computing units beyond transistors. Inspired by the high efficiency and adaptability of biological neural networks, computing systems mimicking the capabilities of biological structures are gaining more attention. Ion-based memristive devices (IMDs), owing to the intrinsic functional similarities to their biological counterparts, hold significant promise for implementing emerging neuromorphic learning and computing algorithms. In this article, we review the fundamental mechanisms of IMDs based on ion drift and diffusion to elucidate the origins of their diverse dynamics. We then examine how these mechanisms operate within different materials to enable IMDs with various types of switching behaviors, leading to a wide range of applications, from emulating biological components to realizing specialized computing requirements. Furthermore, we explore the potential for IMDs to be modified and tuned to achieve customized dynamics, which positions them as one of the most promising hardware candidates for executing bioinspired algorithms with unique specifications. Finally, we identify the challenges currently facing IMDs that hinder their widespread usage and highlight emerging research directions that could significantly benefit from incorporating IMDs.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"344 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Core–Shell Magnetic Particles: Tailored Synthesis and Applications","authors":"Yidong Zou, Zhenkun Sun, Qiyue Wang, Yanmin Ju, Nianrong Sun, Qin Yue, Yu Deng, Shanbiao Liu, Shengfei Yang, Zhiyi Wang, Fangyuan Li, Yanglong Hou, Chunhui Deng, Daishun Ling, Yonghui Deng","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00710","url":null,"abstract":"Core–shell magnetic particles consisting of magnetic core and functional shells have aroused widespread attention in multidisciplinary fields spanning chemistry, materials science, physics, biomedicine, and bioengineering due to their distinctive magnetic properties, tunable interface features, and elaborately designed compositions. In recent decades, various surface engineering strategies have been developed to endow them desired properties (e.g., surface hydrophilicity, roughness, acidity, target recognition) for efficient applications in catalysis, optical modulation, environmental remediation, biomedicine, etc. Moreover, precise control over the shell structure features like thickness, porosity, crystallinity and compositions including metal oxides, carbon, silica, polymers, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been developed as the major method to exploit new functional materials. In this review, we highlight the synthesis methods, regulating strategies, interface engineering, and applications of core–shell magnetic particles over the past half-century. The fundamental methodologies for controllable synthesis of core–shell magnetic materials with diverse organic, inorganic, or hybrid compositions, surface morphology, and interface property are thoroughly elucidated and summarized. In addition, the influences of the synthesis conditions on the physicochemical properties (e.g., dispersibility, stability, stimulus-responsiveness, and surface functionality) are also discussed to provide constructive insight and guidelines for designing core–shell magnetic particles in specific applications. The brand-new concept of “core–shell assembly chemistry” holds great application potential in bioimaging, diagnosis, micro/nanorobots, and smart catalysis. Finally, the remaining challenges, future research directions and new applications for the core–shell magnetic particles are predicted and proposed.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2024-12-25DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00957
Siddarth K. Achar, John A. Keith
{"title":"Small Data Machine Learning Approaches in Molecular and Materials Science","authors":"Siddarth K. Achar, John A. Keith","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00957","url":null,"abstract":"This article has not yet been cited by other publications.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142884583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00116
Andrew C. Hunt, Blake J. Rasor, Kosuke Seki, Holly M. Ekas, Katherine F. Warfel, Ashty S. Karim, Michael C. Jewett
{"title":"Cell-Free Gene Expression: Methods and Applications","authors":"Andrew C. Hunt, Blake J. Rasor, Kosuke Seki, Holly M. Ekas, Katherine F. Warfel, Ashty S. Karim, Michael C. Jewett","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00116","url":null,"abstract":"Cell-free gene expression (CFE) systems empower synthetic biologists to build biological molecules and processes outside of living intact cells. The foundational principle is that precise, complex biomolecular transformations can be conducted in purified enzyme or crude cell lysate systems. This concept circumvents mechanisms that have evolved to facilitate species survival, bypasses limitations on molecular transport across the cell wall, and provides a significant departure from traditional, cell-based processes that rely on microscopic cellular “reactors.” In addition, cell-free systems are inherently distributable through freeze-drying, which allows simple distribution before rehydration at the point-of-use. Furthermore, as cell-free systems are nonliving, they provide built-in safeguards for biocontainment without the constraints attendant on genetically modified organisms. These features have led to a significant increase in the development and use of CFE systems over the past two decades. Here, we discuss recent advances in CFE systems and highlight how they are transforming efforts to build cells, control genetic networks, and manufacture biobased products.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00278
Katia D’Ambrosio, Anna Di Fiore, Vincenzo Alterio, Emma Langella, Simona Maria Monti, Claudiu T. Supuran, Giuseppina De Simone
{"title":"Multiple Binding Modes of Inhibitors to Human Carbonic Anhydrases: An Update on the Design of Isoform-Specific Modulators of Activity","authors":"Katia D’Ambrosio, Anna Di Fiore, Vincenzo Alterio, Emma Langella, Simona Maria Monti, Claudiu T. Supuran, Giuseppina De Simone","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00278","url":null,"abstract":"Human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) are widespread zinc enzymes that catalyze the hydration of CO<sub>2</sub> to bicarbonate and a proton. Currently, 15 isoforms have been identified, of which only 12 are catalytically active. Given their involvement in numerous physiological and pathological processes, hCAs are recognized therapeutic targets for the development of inhibitors with biomedical applications. However, despite massive development efforts, very few of the presently available hCA inhibitors show selectivity for a specific isoform. X-ray crystallography is a very useful tool for the rational drug design of enzyme inhibitors. In 2012 we published in Chemical Reviews a highly cited review on hCA family (<contrib-group person-group-type=\"allauthors\"><span>Alterio, V.</span></contrib-group> et al. <cite><i>Chem Rev.</i></cite> <span>2012</span>, <em>112</em>, 4421−4468), analyzing about 300 crystallographic structures of hCA/inhibitor complexes and describing the different CA inhibition mechanisms existing up to that date. However, in the period 2012–2023, almost 700 new hCA/inhibitor complex structures have been deposited in the PDB and a large number of new inhibitor classes have been discovered. Based on these considerations, the aim of this Review is to give a comprehensive update of the structural aspects of hCA/inhibitor interactions covering the period 2012–2023 and to recapitulate how this information can be used for the rational design of more selective versions of such inhibitors.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical ReviewsPub Date : 2024-12-19DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00454
Kyung Seok Woo, R. Stanley Williams, Suhas Kumar
{"title":"Localized Conduction Channels in Memristors","authors":"Kyung Seok Woo, R. Stanley Williams, Suhas Kumar","doi":"10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00454","url":null,"abstract":"Since the early 2000s, the impending end of Moore’s scaling, as the physical limits to shrinking transistors have been approached, has fueled interest in improving the functionality and efficiency of integrated circuits by employing memristors or two-terminal resistive switches. Formation (or avoidance) of localized conducting channels in many memristors, often called “filaments”, has been established as the basis for their operation. While we understand some qualitative aspects of the physical and thermodynamic origins of conduction localization, there are not yet quantitative models that allow us to predict when they will form or how large they will be. Here we compile observations and explanations of channel formation that have appeared in the literature since the 1930s, show how many of these seemingly unrelated pieces fit together, and outline what is needed to complete the puzzle. This understanding will be a necessary predictive component for the design and fabrication of post-Moore’s-era electronics.","PeriodicalId":32,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Reviews","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":62.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}