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The Internet Changed Chess Rules: Queen Is Equal to Pawn. How Social Media Influence Opinion Spreading 互联网改变了国际象棋规则:女王等于卒。社交媒体如何影响舆论传播
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.25660
T. Rak, Wojciech Kulesza, Nina Chrobot
{"title":"The Internet Changed Chess Rules: Queen Is Equal to Pawn. How Social Media Influence Opinion Spreading","authors":"T. Rak, Wojciech Kulesza, Nina Chrobot","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.25660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.25660","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of social influence in large groups show that leaders are crucial in infecting followers with new ideas and that it requires time. This reflects social impact models based on Nowak, Szamrej, and Latané’s dynamic theory (1990), which are still being presented, modified and developed in the literature. However, recent mass events, e.g., the Arab Spring, 15-M Movement, protests in the Gezi Park in Turkey, Polish democratic movements (KOD, AkcjaDemokracja), do not seem to fit the aforementioned models: changes happened rapidly and without the presence of opinion leaders. In a series of simulation studies, we propose that global communication (Internet, mobiles, social media) is responsible for the difference between the theoretical model and recent mass events. Our results indicate that global communication dramatically decreases the role of leaders, increases the speed of spreading new ideas in the population, increases the influence of followers on the speed of social transformation, and that leaders who use the Internet can change their attitudes as quickly and as often as followers do.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80980543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Lexical Access in the Processing of Word Boundary Ambiguity 词边界歧义处理中的词汇存取
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.28690
J. Maciuszek
{"title":"Lexical Access in the Processing of Word Boundary Ambiguity","authors":"J. Maciuszek","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.28690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.28690","url":null,"abstract":"Language ambiguity results from, among other things, the vagueness of the syntactic structure of phrases and whole sentences. Numerous types of syntactic ambiguity are associated with the placement of the phrase boundary. A special case of the segmentation problem is the phenomenon of word boundary ambiguities; in spoken natural language words coalesce, making it possible to interpret them in different ways (e.g., a name vs. an aim). The purpose of the study was to verify whether the two meanings of words with boundary ambiguities are activated, or whether it is a case of semantic context priming. The study was carried out using the cross-modality semantic priming paradigm. Sentences containing phrases with word boundary ambiguities were presented in an auditory manner to the participants. Immediately after, they performed a visual lexical decision task. Results indicate that both meanings of the ambiguity are automatically activated — independently of the semantic context. When discussing the results I refer to the autonomous and interactive models of parsing, and show other possible areas of research concerning word boundary ambiguities.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78465351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relational Aggressiveness in Adolescence: Relations With Emotional Awareness and Self-Control 青少年的关系攻击性:与情绪意识和自我控制的关系
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.28302
M. Moroń, Agnieszka Doktor, Karolina Glinka
{"title":"Relational Aggressiveness in Adolescence: Relations With Emotional Awareness and Self-Control","authors":"M. Moroń, Agnieszka Doktor, Karolina Glinka","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.28302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.28302","url":null,"abstract":"Involvement in relationally aggressive conduct is an important contributor to maladaptive functioning in both childhood and adulthood. Decreased emotional awareness and impairments of self-control are risk factors for relational aggressiveness, while emotional awareness can also be treated as an important prerequisite for proper self-control. The aim of the study was to examine the associations between dimensions of emotional awareness (attention to emotions and emotional clarity), self-control, and relational aggressiveness. Self-control was also examined as a mediating variable between emotional awareness and relational aggressiveness. Self-report measures of trait meta-mood, alexithymia, self-control, and relational aggressiveness were completed by 214 adolescents (129 females), aged 15–23. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two factors of emotional awareness: (1) inattention to emotions (reflecting low attention to emotions and externally oriented thinking) and (2) a lack of emotional clarity (reflecting difficulties in identifying emotion, difficulties in describing emotion, and low clarity of emotion). Self-control and mood repair ability inversely correlated with proactive and reactive relational aggressiveness, whereas the clarity component of the meta-mood trait only inversely predicted reactive relational aggressiveness. Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that direct relationships between inattention to emotions and relational aggressiveness, as well as between lack of emotional clarity and relational aggressiveness were non-significant. Nevertheless, a lack of emotional clarity was indirectly and significantly associated with relational aggressiveness through decreased self-control.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83901052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activism – Radicalization – Protest: An Introduction to a Special Section 激进主义-激进化-抗议:专题导论
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.32244
Katarzyna Jaśko, Tomasz Besta
{"title":"Activism – Radicalization – Protest: An Introduction to a Special Section","authors":"Katarzyna Jaśko, Tomasz Besta","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.32244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.32244","url":null,"abstract":"Collective action is a topic that is highly relevant to the socio-political dynamics of the contemporary world. Six papers collected in the special section address different aspects of collective action. They cover a diversity of topics, methods, and samples. However, the focus on goals and needs that drive collective action and social context that facilitates commitment to social causes provides a common ground for the research presented in this section.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"166 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77617206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Parents, Social Media and Materialism in Teenage Activism 父母、社交媒体和物质主义在青少年行动主义中的作用
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.26706
A. Zawadzka, Magdalena Iwanowska, Judyta Borchet
{"title":"The Role of Parents, Social Media and Materialism in Teenage Activism","authors":"A. Zawadzka, Magdalena Iwanowska, Judyta Borchet","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.26706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.26706","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to examine the role of parents, social media and materialism in teenage activism. We surveyed 13-16 year olds (N = 177). We measured teenagers’ activist “identity and involvement” and activist behavior, parents’ activist behavior, as perceived by their offspring, media use frequency and the purpose of social media use. The results indicate that both teenage activist “identity and involvement” and activist behavior are positively related to both the mother and father’s activist behavior but are negatively related to hedonic use of media. Hedonic use of media and gender are predictors of youth activist “identity and involvement” while mother’s activism, hedonic use of media and the teenager’s age are predictors of youth activist behavior. To sum up, the study indicates that mother’s activism and the purpose of media use are related to teenage activism. It also shows that materialism and media use frequency are not significantly linked to teenage activism.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81319597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Violent Radicalism and the Psychology of Prepossession 暴力激进主义与占有心理
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.27449
A. Kruglanski
{"title":"Violent Radicalism and the Psychology of Prepossession","authors":"A. Kruglanski","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.27449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.27449","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of violent radicalism/extremism is portrayed as a consequence of a mechanism that fosters extremism in general. This is the process of motivational imbalance or “prepossession”, a state wherein a given need becomes dominant to the point of inhibiting other needs. In the case of violent extremism, the dominant need is the quest for significance, the desire to matter and have self and others’ respect. Whereas the “hydraulic” domination-inhibition process that underlies extremism can be observed across levels of phylogeny, the motivational imbalance in those cases is typically brief in duration. In the case of humans, however, participation in violent extremism can be long lasting, due to its facilitation by a compelling narrative” that ties violence to the attainment of significance, and is embraced by a “network” of trusted others (individuals’ friends and relatives) who validate the narrative and bestow significance on individuals who implement its dictates.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82689940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Place Attachment and Collective Action Tendency 地方依恋与集体行动倾向
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.25612
M. Jaśkiewicz, Tomasz Besta
{"title":"Place Attachment and Collective Action Tendency","authors":"M. Jaśkiewicz, Tomasz Besta","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.25612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.25612","url":null,"abstract":"Three studies were carried out to examine how place attachment and collective action tendency are related and what role self-expansion and social interactions play in this relationship. In the first study (N = 156) we found that a more active form of attachment – place discovered – is a significant predictor of tendency to engage in collective action in favor of one’s neighborhood. In the second study (N = 197), we focused on frequency of social interactions in one’s neighborhood as the antecedent of place attachment and collective action tendencies. We found that inhabitants who declared more frequent social interactions in one’s neighborhood, expressed stronger place discovered, and this attachment is related to collective action tendencies. In the third study (N = 153), we tested if self-expansion mediates this relationship. We found that stronger place discovered was related to the feeling of self-expansion that resulted from contact with neighbors. Moreover, self-expansion was related to the tendency to engage in collective action.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83463786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Automatic Ingroup Bias as Resistance to Traditional Gender Roles? 自动群体偏见是对传统性别角色的抵抗?
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.32872/SPB.V13I4.29080
S. Lemus, R. Spears, J. Lupiáñez, Marcin Bukowski, Miguel Moya
{"title":"Automatic Ingroup Bias as Resistance to Traditional Gender Roles?","authors":"S. Lemus, R. Spears, J. Lupiáñez, Marcin Bukowski, Miguel Moya","doi":"10.32872/SPB.V13I4.29080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/SPB.V13I4.29080","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional roles are problematic for women because they constrain their life choices. Therefore, women have a vested interest in challenging them. We argue that women can resist pervasive traditional roles by showing automatic ingroup bias. In two studies we used an associative procedure to expose two groups of women to stereotypical vs. counter-stereotypical roles, and measured implicit ingroup bias with an evaluative decision task. Study 1 shows that women activated ingroup bias when they were exposed to stereotypical roles and targets appeared in a stereotype-congruent context (kitchen). Study 2 shows that automatic ingroup bias was activated only when gender roles were salient. Further, stereotypic role associations promote negative emotions, and increased persistence on a stereotype-relevant performance task in women.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88148332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Why Does Co-Occurrence Change Evaluation? Introduction to a Special Issue on Evaluative Conditioning 为什么共发生改变评价?评价条件作用特刊导论
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-09-20 DOI: 10.5964/SPB.V13I3.29154
Yoav Bar-Anan, R. Balas
{"title":"Why Does Co-Occurrence Change Evaluation? Introduction to a Special Issue on Evaluative Conditioning","authors":"Yoav Bar-Anan, R. Balas","doi":"10.5964/SPB.V13I3.29154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/SPB.V13I3.29154","url":null,"abstract":"None needed","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83120055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Model of Attribute Conditioning 属性条件作用的一个模型
Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2018-09-20 DOI: 10.5964/SPB.V13I3.28568
C. Unkelbach, Sabine Förderer
{"title":"A Model of Attribute Conditioning","authors":"C. Unkelbach, Sabine Förderer","doi":"10.5964/SPB.V13I3.28568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5964/SPB.V13I3.28568","url":null,"abstract":"We present a model of attribute conditioning, the phenomenon that people’s assessment of stimuli’s specific attributes (e.g., a person’s characteristics) changes due to pairings with other stimuli possessing these specific attributes (e.g., another \"athletic\" person). These changes in attribute assessments go beyond evaluation changes due to these pairings (i.e., evaluative conditioning effects). We provide a short historical overview of the phenomenon and the available data. Then we present a potential mental model of the effect: We assume attribute conditioning to be a form of stimulus-stimulus learning. CS-US pairings establish an enduring referential link between CS and US. We present an associative as well as a distributed memory variant of this referential link. Based on this model, we provide the answers to the specific questions that guide the present special issue. Finally, we discuss the relation of evaluative and attribute conditioning.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86911341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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