Social Psychological Bulletin最新文献_第2页

Psychology’s reform movement needs a reconceptualization of scientific expertise 心理学改革运动需要重新认识科学专业知识

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.32872/spb.10303

Duygu Uygun Tunç, M. Tunç

{"title":"Psychology’s reform movement needs a reconceptualization of scientific expertise","authors":"Duygu Uygun Tunç, M. Tunç","doi":"10.32872/spb.10303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.10303","url":null,"abstract":"Science is supposed to be a self-correcting endeavor, but who is “the scientific expert” that corrects faulty science? We grouped traditional conceptualizations of expertise in psychology under three classes (substantialist, implicitist, and social conventionalist), and then examined how these approaches affect scientific self-correction in reference to various components of the credibility crisis such as fraud/QRPs, the inadequate number of replication studies, challenges facing big team science, and perverse incentives. Our investigation pointed out several problems with the traditional views. First, traditional views conceptualize expertise as something possessed, not performed, ignoring the epistemic responsibility of experts. Second, expertise is conceived as an exclusively individual quality, which contradicts the socially distributed nature of scientific inquiry. Third, some aspects of expertise are taken to be implicit or relative to the established research practices in a field, which leads to disputes over replicability and makes it difficult to criticize mindless scientific rituals. Lastly, a conflation of expertise with eminence in practice creates an incentive structure that undermines the goal of self-correction in science. We suggest, instead, that we conceive an expert as a reliable informant. Following the extended virtue account of expertise, we propose a non-individualist and a performance-based model, and discuss why it does not suffer from the same problems as traditional approaches, and why it is more compatible with the reform movement's goal of creating a credible psychological science through self-correction.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139264797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating lay perceptions of psychological measures: A registered report 调查外行人对心理测量的看法：登记报告

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.32872/spb.9383

Joseph Mason, Madeleine Pownall, Amy Palmer, F. Azevedo

{"title":"Investigating lay perceptions of psychological measures: A registered report","authors":"Joseph Mason, Madeleine Pownall, Amy Palmer, F. Azevedo","doi":"10.32872/spb.9383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.9383","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the reliability and validity of psychology measurement practices has been called into question, as part of an ongoing reappraisal of the robustness, reproducibility, and transparency of psychological research. While useful progress has been made, to date, the majority of discussions surrounding psychology’s measurement crisis have involved technical, quantitative investigations into the validity, reliability, and statistical robustness of psychological measures. This registered report offers a seldom-heard qualitative perspective on these ongoing debates, critically exploring members of the general public’s (i.e., non-experts) lay perceptions of widely used measures in psychology. Using a combination of cognitive interviews and a think aloud study protocol, participants (n = 23) completed one of three popular psychology measures. Participants reflected on each of the measures, discussed the contents, and provided perceptions of what the measures are designed to test. Coding of the think aloud protocols showed that participants across the measures had issues in interpreting and responding to items. Thematic analysis of the cognitive interviews identified three dominant themes that each relate to lay perceptions of psychology measurements. These were: (1) participants’ grappling with attempting to ‘capture their multiple selves’ in the questionnaires, (2) participants perceiving the questionnaire method as generally ‘missing nuance and richness’ and (3) exposing the ‘hidden labour of questionnaires’. These findings are discussed in the context of psychology’s measurement reform.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"51 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139265468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strategic ambiguity in the social sciences 社会科学中的战略模糊性

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.32872/spb.9923

W. Frankenhuis, Karthik Panchanathan, P. Smaldino

{"title":"Strategic ambiguity in the social sciences","authors":"W. Frankenhuis, Karthik Panchanathan, P. Smaldino","doi":"10.32872/spb.9923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.9923","url":null,"abstract":"In the wake of the replication crisis, there have been calls to increase the clarity and precision of theory in the social sciences. Here, we argue that the effects of these calls may be limited due to incentives favoring ambiguous theory. Intentionally or not, scientists can exploit theoretical ambiguities to make support for a claim appear stronger than it is. Practices include theory stretching, interpreting an ambiguous claim more expansively to absorb data outside of the scope of the original claim, and post-hoc precision, interpreting an ambiguous claim more narrowly so it appears more precisely aligned with the data. These practices lead to the overestimation of evidence for the original claim and create the appearance of consistent support and progressive research programs, which may in turn be rewarded by journals, funding agencies, and hiring committees. Selection for ambiguous research can occur even when scientists act in good faith. Although ambiguity might be inevitable or even useful in the early stages of theory construction, scientists should aim for increased clarity as knowledge advances. Science benefits from transparently communicating about known ambiguities. To attain transparency about ambiguity, we provide a set of recommendations for authors, reviewers, and journals. We conclude with suggestions for research on how scientists use strategic ambiguity to advance their careers and the ways in which norms, incentives, and practices favor strategic ambiguity. Our paper ends with a simple mathematical model exploring the conditions in which high-ambiguity theories are favored over low-ambiguity theories, providing a basis for future analyses.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139263558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing the reliability of an infrared thermography protocol to assess cold-induced Brown Adipose Tissue activation in french psychology students 评估红外热成像协议的可靠性，以评估冷诱导棕色脂肪组织激活在法国心理学学生

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.32872/spb.10461

Nathan Vidal, Joseph T. Costello, Blandine Ribotta, Lilas Gurgand, Hans IJzerman

{"title":"Assessing the reliability of an infrared thermography protocol to assess cold-induced Brown Adipose Tissue activation in french psychology students","authors":"Nathan Vidal, Joseph T. Costello, Blandine Ribotta, Lilas Gurgand, Hans IJzerman","doi":"10.32872/spb.10461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.10461","url":null,"abstract":"<p xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\">The authors use infrared thermography measurements of skin temperature to non-invasively assess the heat production of Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT). In species other than humans, BAT has been linked to maternal care, and may thus be crucial for understanding differences in attachment security. Whereas early BAT research measured its relative presence in the human body through radioactive tracers, researchers have recently used infrared thermography measurement of skin temperature in cold conditions to study BAT thermogenesis outside of medical facilities. Infrared thermography relies on comparing skin temperature in the supraclavicular region (where a BAT depot is located) with skin temperature in the sternal region (which contains no BAT depots) in cold conditions, when the supraclavicular BAT depot produces heat. We replicated an infrared thermography protocol, which previously reported an increase of 0.2 °C in supraclavicular (vs. sternal) skin temperature in cold (vs. control) conditions in only 7 adults, which probably led to overestimation of the effect. With a much larger sample size (N = 94 young adults) and a similar protocol, we did not find any significant variation in relative, Cohen’s d = 0.10, 95% CI [-0.31, 0.50], or absolute supraclavicular skin temperature, Cohen’s d = 0.11, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.52]. Using conditional random forests, we also excluded a variety of alternative explanations for why the method failed to achieve an effect. This protocol of infrared thermography cannot measure BAT thermogenesis and is thus not recommended for future studies to study individual differences in attachment.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135970101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Natural hazard versus natural disaster: Does framing the event affect preparedness intentions, attitudes, and behaviour? 自然灾害与自然灾害:事件框架是否会影响准备意图、态度和行为?

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.32872/spb.8357

Lauren J. Vinnell, Taciano L. Milfont, John McClure

{"title":"Natural hazard versus natural disaster: Does framing the event affect preparedness intentions, attitudes, and behaviour?","authors":"Lauren J. Vinnell, Taciano L. Milfont, John McClure","doi":"10.32872/spb.8357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.8357","url":null,"abstract":"<p xmlns=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1\">Even when perception of risks such as earthquakes is high, preparation is generally low. Previous research shows relatively minor changes in the framing of target issues can impact decisions. In the area of risk, the terms “natural hazards” and “natural disasters” are used inconsistently. Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework, we conducted an online experiment with a large community sample from Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand (N = 604) to examine possible framing effects. Half of the participants were asked about their attitudes and intentions regarding preparing for natural hazards and half about natural disasters. We found few significant differences in mean factor scores between the two groups, suggesting that people have attitudes and perceptions of similar strength for both natural hazards and natural disasters. However, half of the factors in structural equation modelling differed in significance or valence between the two conditions and intentions to prepare were positively associated with information-seeking behaviour only for the natural hazards frame, not the natural disaster frame. These findings suggest that the way in which these issues are framed meaningfully impacts how intentions form and translate to actual behaviour. It is possible that participants understood disaster as manifested, devastating impacts of a natural event rather than the potential for impact implied by the term hazard. Such interpretations could influence perceptions of preventability, and therefore preparation. These findings have critical implications for public information campaigns and interventions aimed at increasing preparedness for the risk posed by natural hazards.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136357218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive reflection and endorsement of the “great replacement” conspiracy theory 对“大替代”阴谋论的认知反思与认同

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.32872/spb.10825

Alexander Jedinger, Lena Masch, Axel M. Burger

引用次数: 0

Race-ethnicity and the big-fish-little-pond effect in the United States 美国的种族-民族和大鱼-小池塘效应

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.32872/spb.10261

Tara L. Lesick, Ethan Zell

引用次数: 0

I “knew” they wouldn’t last: Hindsight bias in judgments of a dating couple 我“知道”他们不会长久:对一对约会情侣的后见之明偏见

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.32872/spb.9967

A. Bleske-Rechek, Michaela M. Gunseor, Kailey N. Nguyen

{"title":"I “knew” they wouldn’t last: Hindsight bias in judgments of a dating couple","authors":"A. Bleske-Rechek, Michaela M. Gunseor, Kailey N. Nguyen","doi":"10.32872/spb.9967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.9967","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When a romantic relationship ends, individuals often look back and wish they had done things differently. What may seem clear in hindsight, however, is often unclear in foresight. We investigated the effects of outcome knowledge on individuals’ judgments of a dating couple. In Study 1 (181 U.S. college students, 334 U.S. community adults), participants read about a couple with an uncertain relationship trajectory; then, experimental group participants received knowledge about the couple’s status six months down the road as broken up or still together, while control group participants received no outcome knowledge. Individuals who were told the dating couple broke up perceived that outcome as more likely and obvious compared to those who were not given outcome knowledge or who were told the couple stayed together. In Study 2 (262 U.S. college students, 333 U.S. community adults), participants in the experimental conditions received knowledge about the couple’s status six months later as broken up or engaged, while control group participants received no outcome knowledge. In both samples, outcome knowledge of a breakup had a negative effect on individuals’ judgments about the couple. Among community adults, but not among college students, outcome knowledge of an engagement positively affected judgments of the couple. We offer directions for future research and discuss the mechanisms by which hindsight bias might affect evaluations of our own and others’ relationships.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82187660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does the sense of power influence reputational concern? Tests with episodic and semantic power priming 权力感会影响对声誉的关注吗?情景和语义能力启动测试

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.32872/spb.7779

Hirotaka Imada, Tim Hopthrow, Hannah Zibell

{"title":"Does the sense of power influence reputational concern? Tests with episodic and semantic power priming","authors":"Hirotaka Imada, Tim Hopthrow, Hannah Zibell","doi":"10.32872/spb.7779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.7779","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Reputational concern shapes various social behaviours, since having a negative reputation often results in receiving negative social consequences such as ostracism and punishment. As such, individuals are motivated to avoid displaying socially disapproved behaviour. Previous studies have found that individuals with power (i.e., those who can asymmetrically influence others) tend to show various behaviours that would damage their reputation (e.g., aggression and exploitation). Taken together, we hypothesised that power would be associated with the extent to which individuals are concerned about their reputation. More specifically, we hypothesised that those who have a high and low sense of power would experience reduced and increased reputational concern, respectively. To test the relationship, we conducted three preregistered studies with commonly used power priming methods: episodic priming (Studies 1 and 3) and semantic power priming (Study 2). In Studies 1 and 2, the power priming methods failed to significantly influence the sense of power or reputational concern. In Study 3, we sought to overcome potential methodological issues with online episodic priming, and a modified high power episodic priming was successful. Yet, we did not find evidence for the hypothesised relationship between the experimentally induced sense of power and reputational concern. Our three studies offer valuable implications not only for further research on the relationship between reputational concern and power but also for the effectiveness of power priming methods.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79852963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Do environmental messages emphasising binding morals promote conservatives’ pro-environmentalism? A pre-registered replication 强调约束性道德的环境信息是否促进了保守派的环保主义?预注册复制

Social Psychological Bulletin Pub Date : 2023-02-23 DOI: 10.32872/spb.8557

Inkuk Kim, Matthew D. Hammond, T. Milfont

{"title":"Do environmental messages emphasising binding morals promote conservatives’ pro-environmentalism? A pre-registered replication","authors":"Inkuk Kim, Matthew D. Hammond, T. Milfont","doi":"10.32872/spb.8557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.8557","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Past studies indicated that environmental messages incorporating binding morals (i.e., loyalty/betrayal, authority/subversion, purity/degradation) were effective in reducing the negative association between political conservatism and pro-environmentalism. We conceptually replicated and extended this finding through open science practices. In a pilot study, we constructed three environmental messages incorporating each binding moral based on previous relevant studies, and confirmed their validity (96 U.S. adults, 50% women). We then investigated the independent effects of these binding moral messages on pro-environmentalism across the political spectrum (705 U.S. adults, 56.6% women). Contrasting with our expectations and previous findings, we found no evidence that these environmental messages emphasising distinct binding morals were more effective than a control environmental message in attenuating the political polarisation on conservation intentions and willingness to receive more information about environmental protection. Simply adding binding morals content in environmental messaging may not be useful in promoting conservatives’ pro-environmental engagement. We further discuss future research as well as the limitations of this research.","PeriodicalId":32922,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychological Bulletin","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88120885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1