Global Environmental Change最新文献

{"title":"Mitigation deterrence and unrealistic expectations: the future costs of forest carbon offsets","authors":"Camilla Moioli ,&nbsp;Laurent Drouet ,&nbsp;Dominik Roeser ,&nbsp;Johannes Emmerling ,&nbsp;Hisham Zerriffi","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the economic and societal impacts of using Forest Carbon Offsets (FCO) as a negative emissions technology in climate mitigation strategies. FCO includes afforestation, reforestation, and reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) initiatives aimed at achieving global climate targets, such as limiting temperature rise to 2 °C by 2100. Despite their potential, challenges such as the impermanence of carbon storage, overestimation of carbon removal, and mitigation deterrence—where reliance on FCO reduces other climate actions—persist. Using the WITCH integrated assessment model, this study analyzes the effects of FCO on energy sector investments, carbon pricing, and mitigation costs under scenarios with perfect foresight, myopic behavior, and varying degrees of forest carbon loss (FCL). Results indicate that heavy reliance on FCO leads to mitigation deterrence, with renewable and carbon capture investments decreasing by 8.6 % and 31 %, respectively, while fossil fuel investments increase by 1 %. Scenarios with 100 % FCL by 2045 could increase global GDP loss by 0.5 percentage points, surpassing the costs of not using FCO. Non-OECD countries, more vulnerable with lower economic resilience, could face mitigation costs up to 1.7 percentage points higher than OECD countries in similar FCL scenarios, raising equity concerns in climate policy. This research underscores the need for careful FCO management, accurate carbon sequestration estimates, and equitable policy frameworks to prevent moral hazards and ensure effective climate action. Clear definitions of which emissions can be offset versus those requiring direct reduction are essential to prevent over-reliance on offsets and maintain a balanced mitigation approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103068"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location-specific climate and environmental benefits of China’s coal mining phase-down towards carbon neutrality","authors":"Hao Li ,&nbsp;Tao Yang ,&nbsp;Linman Li ,&nbsp;Bin Lu ,&nbsp;Tianzheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Lu ,&nbsp;Rui Peng ,&nbsp;Zhaohua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coal mining industry, characterized by its high-intensity emissions of both greenhouse gases (GHGs) and pollutants, urgently requires a substantial transformation to tackle these challenges. Existing studies have given insufficient attention to location-specific phase-down of coal mining operations and the associated climate and environmental co-benefits. Here, this study constructs a comprehensive database encompassing 380 large coal mines in China, and then compile inventories of energy consumption, methane emissions and pollutant emissions for each coal mine from 2023 to 2060. Afterwards, this study integrates the technical and economic attributes to assess their retirement rankings. Four phase-down strategies are formulated in accordance with the coal demand trends towards carbon neutrality while the potential climate and environmental co-benefits are thoroughly evaluated. This study indicates that the reduction in both coal demand and emission intensity are crucial factors in alleviating environmental pressures and offer valuable insights into the location-specific phase-down strategies for the coal mining industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103057"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can zero deforestation agreements in the cattle sector protect Colombia’s forests and páramos?","authors":"Clare C. Sullivan ,&nbsp;Joseph App ,&nbsp;Lisa L. Rausch ,&nbsp;Steven Sotelo ,&nbsp;Daisy Tarrier ,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Vianchá Pinzón ,&nbsp;Holly K. Gibbs","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zero Deforestation Agreements (ZDAs) for the beef and dairy sectors in Colombia could curb land cover change in the country’s highly biodiverse tropical forests and páramos. Improved understanding of the structure of the cattle supply chain and the ZDAs’ potential area of influence can help target companies with high-risk supply chains, inform implementation, and set realistic expectations for the ZDAs contribution to conservation goals for forest and páramos. We provide the first map of infrastructure for the beef and dairy sectors and link this to a dataset of cattle transactions to delineate “supply zones” or potential buying areas for each slaughterhouse and dairy. We use these supply zones to assess three spatially explicit scenarios of the potential reach of the ZDAs with expanded participation. At present, ZDA signatories’ supply zones cover 10.4 Mha or 23% of Colombia’s forests, with a large area of influence associated with beef sector signatories. Participation of all major companies could nearly double the ZDAs reach to include 41% of forests, and full participation could reach 49% of forests. The dairy ZDA also targets high alpine páramos, and 57% of unprotected páramos are within signatories’ supply zones. Full participation could support the conservation of 96% of this unique ecosystem. We found that indirect animal movements make up 80% of the supply chain, so policy implementation will depend on monitoring and traceability systems that go beyond suppliers selling directly to slaughterhouses or dairies. More companies must participate and effectively implement the ZDAs to realize this conservation potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103055"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting climate resilient development planning − a dynamic adaptive pathways based approach and an illustrative case from Cork City, Ireland","authors":"Gaby S. Langendijk ,&nbsp;Sadie McEvoy ,&nbsp;Denise McCullagh ,&nbsp;Marjolijn Haasnoot","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve climate resilient societies, climate adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development (AMD) are all necessary. The concept of “climate resilient development pathways” (CRDP) recognizes this as intertwined challenges. However, no systematic approach exists for the creation and appraisal of CRDP that integrates adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development over time, and addresses the interactions between these policy objectives. Building upon Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning (DAPP), this paper presents a decision analysis approach for integrating CRDP policy objectives in Climate Resilient Adaptive Pathways Planning, or CRDAPP. Key additions in this approach are: a) using visioning to design CRD strategies for managing pathways complexity; b) introducing target points for sustainable development and climate mitigation action setting, to help sequence measures into alternative pathways, alongside traditional performance thresholds; and c) defining types of adaptation, mitigation and development interactions to systematically evaluate actions and pathways. We test the approach in an illustrative case study in Cork City, Ireland. The CRDAPP steps are carried out for the city, with multiple pathways designed and critical decisions over time identified. The resulting CRDAPP analysis provides insights into the range of options for Cork on how to combine mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable development actions over time, to work toward different future states of the city. CRDAPP can support decisionmakers to better align adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development action into their planning processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103070"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TOWARDS RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE CLIMATE COMPATIBLE DEVELOPMENT: A PARTICIPATORY, MIXED-METHOD SCENARIOS APPROACH FOR ZAMBIA","authors":"Nick Hughes ,&nbsp;Mulima Nyambe-Mubanga ,&nbsp;Willard Mapulanga ,&nbsp;Malonga Hazemba ,&nbsp;Stephen Chileshe ,&nbsp;Bernard Tembo ,&nbsp;Jim Watson ,&nbsp;Jennifer Cronin ,&nbsp;Steve Pye ,&nbsp;Julia Tomei ,&nbsp;Meron Tesfamichael ,&nbsp;Yacob Mulugetta ,&nbsp;Simon Bawakyillenuo ,&nbsp;Aba Obrumah Crentsil","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate compatible development aims to align climate change mitigation and adaptation with social and economic development. Successful climate compatible development must be socially inclusive, and resilient to external shocks. Zambia is a country at the frontline of climate change, with multiple development challenges, and ambitions to pursue a climate compatible development pathway. Scenarios are tools with a long history of application in strategic planning, and may be suitable tools to help countries explore climate compatible development. Therefore, we developed a novel participatory, mixed-method scenario process, to explore pathways of resilient and inclusive climate compatible development for Zambia. We took a stakeholder-led participatory approach, and combined qualitative scenario development techniques with quantitative energy system modelling. We compared a scenario characterised by centralised governance and infrastructure, large-scale export-led industries and continued urbanisation, with one characterised by greater decentralisation of governance, investment decisions and economic development strategies, which maintains the viability of rural livelihoods and slows the urbanisation trend. The scenarios provide a framework for considering opportunities and risks in planning for climate compatible development, and suggest that Zambian decision-makers should: test infrastructure investments and long-term economic plans for both climate and economic resilience; pursue mutually beneficial, equitable development partnerships with like-minded international partners; and appropriately allocate responsibility to different scales of governance and ensure coordination between them. The issues highlighted by the scenarios are of relevance to other countries facing similar challenges. The paper demonstrates that a participatory, mixed-method scenario approach provides a useful framework to explore climate compatible development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103072"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards ‘greening’ trade? The environment in the French, German and EU supply chain laws","authors":"Lena Partzsch,&nbsp;Helen Breunig","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Union (EU) recently adopted the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), which its 27 member states must now transpose into national law. Starting in mid-2026, the Directive aims to encourage sustainable and responsible corporate behavior in global supply chains. France and Germany had already independently enacted their own national supply chain laws, the 2017 Loi de Viligence (LdV) and the 2021 Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz (LkSG). This article examines the extent to which the new supply chain legislation addresses environmental burden shifting through international trade. We develop an analytical framework on scope, procedure and enforceability with respect to the environment. To do so, we identify the central demands of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs), drawing on their campaign materials, expert interviews, and participant observation at stakeholder events. Our results show a regulatory ’race to the top’ with ‘bends’ in the sense that the German law lags behind the French law in some aspects, but the new CSDDD is the most precise and comprehensive in all aspects of supply chain legislation. We conclude that the stage is set for the ’greening’ of international trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"95 ","pages":"Article 103078"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering decolonial pedagogies for learning agroecological transitions: comparative analysis of South America cases","authors":"Michelle Bonatti ,&nbsp;Renata Guimarães Reynaldo ,&nbsp;Berta Martín-López ,&nbsp;Sergio Bolivar ,&nbsp;María Cordero-Fernández ,&nbsp;Giovanna Chavez Miguel ,&nbsp;Adriana Martin ,&nbsp;Janika Hämmerle ,&nbsp;Barbara Schröter ,&nbsp;Carla Erismann ,&nbsp;Teresa da Silva Rosa ,&nbsp;Jon Hellin ,&nbsp;Izabella Schlindwein ,&nbsp;Álvaro Acevedo Osorio ,&nbsp;Leonardo Medina ,&nbsp;Carla Baldivieso ,&nbsp;Luca Eufemia ,&nbsp;Johanna Jacobi ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Lobo Guerrero ,&nbsp;Stefan Sieber","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroecological transitions represent strategic pathways for transforming agricultural systems to meet urgent global sustainability goals. These transitions encompass fundamental changes in social-ecological relationships, knowledge systems, and power dynamics within food systems. However, the mechanisms facilitating such transitions remain insufficiently understood, particularly regarding the diversity and efficacy of pedagogical models employed in existing agroecological initiatives. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced within Global South contexts, especially Latin America, where decolonial approaches hold particular relevance and tradition within effective agroecology initiatives. Using a decolonial lens, this study explores the pedagogical models used in community-led agroecological initiatives in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and workshops (n 140), alongside participant observations, we applied a qualitative archetypes analysis to examine three community-led agroecology initiatives. We identified three distinct but interconnected contextual narratives: a. Living Pedagogies; b. Resistance Pedagogies; and c. Hybrid Pedagogies. Despite these different contextual narratives, they share clear patterns, which allowed us to identify one major archetype − the South pedagogies archetype. The decolonial pedagogy found can be fundamental to accelerate agroecological transitions. Traditional communities in Colombia and Peru have preserved and evolved their agroecology knowledge systems through generations of collective learning, offering profound insights into sustainable food production that transcend the limitations of Western scientific methodologies. In parallel, decolonial pedagogies in the Brazilian case were essential to promote urban agroecological transition that started during the 2000s. These findings inform agroecological transition development based on learning processes that value multiple ways of being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103042"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected land-use change emissions surpass climate change-induced carbon sinks in Sub-Saharan African biomes","authors":"Dabwiso Sakala,&nbsp;Maria J. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) and climate change (CC) effects on carbon dynamics in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have the potential to transition the region’s carbon balance from sink to source. Future shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) for SSA show high vulnerability to CC, high urbanisation, and cropland and pasture demands expected to rise in the coming decades. Yet the realisations of these pathways may be biome-specific as these are expected to behave differently when it comes to carbon dynamics and also be affected by different demands. Here, we examine the impacts of LULCC and CC on Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE), Net Primary Productivity (NPP), and carbon turnover time of six SSA biomes, namely tropical rainforest, montane forest, moist savanna, dry savanna, temperate grassland and semi-desert, between 2015–2100 for the five SSPs. We performed four simulations where we (i) kept LULCC and CC constant, (ii) varied LULCC and kept CC constant, (iii) kept LULCC constant and varied CC, and (iv) varied both LULCC and CC and calculated their effect on NEE, NPP and carbon turnover time. We find that LULCC effects supersede those of CC, resulting in a net carbon source despite the sink effect of CC. LULCC alone drives major carbon losses across all scenarios, with moist and dry savannas resulting in the strongest carbon sources with cumulative NEE values of 74.93 and 44.85 PgC by 2100 under SSP4. In contrast, CC alone led to consistent carbon sinks across all scenarios in the semi-desert and tropical rainforest, with the strongest sinks observed under SSP5 (−8.36 PgC and − 3.77 PgC, respectively). Moist savanna also acted as a sink under SSP5 (−4.82 PgC) and SSP3 (−1.73 PgC). Combined effects largely reflect LULCC trends, confirming its dominant role in shaping future carbon dynamics. We further observe that intensifying LULCC may decrease biome carbon turnover time by 50 %, especially in tropical rainforests under SSP3 and SSP4. These results suggest that the CC-induced carbon sinks will unlikely dampen the increasing emissions from LULCC in SSA that may not be offset by 2100. Ultimately, our study demonstrates that sustaining SSA as a carbon sink will require urgent, biome-specific land management policies that integrate socioeconomic realities with the region’s evolving climate and development pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103039"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realising a locally-embedded just transition: Sense of place, lived experience, and social perceptions of industrial decarbonisation in the United Kingdom","authors":"Benjamin K. Sovacool ,&nbsp;Patrick Devine-Wright ,&nbsp;Sarah Mander ,&nbsp;Jordan Rowley ,&nbsp;Stacia Ryder","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Communities and workers in England, Scotland and Wales are facing historic local transitions amid a rapidly changing climate and growing political and economic inequality. Those within industrial clusters seeking better treatment of workers, vulnerable and marginalized groups, and the environment demand that action to combat the climate crisis contribute to “just transitions.” Yet what constitutes a just transition is subjective, involving competing claims and tensions between key advocates about what has been (un)just and what is required to advance more fair and equitable outcomes. This study brings into view the perspectives of those not typically at the decision-making table. We build from previous projects collecting the “lived experiences” that aim to lift-up diverse voices from local communities. Our approach uses original semi-structured interviews (N = 24), focus groups (six with N = 45 total participants), participant observation in England, Scotland and Wales coupled with local surveys in three clusters (n = 600) and nationally representative survey data (N = 1,178 respondents), all of which were conducted from June 2022 – November 2024. We identify five themes arising from these data: place-based perceptions and local identities, potent lived experiences of injustice, technology-specific concerns, issues of trust and awareness, and issues concerning policy and governance. We then discuss these five themes considering recent literature on recognition justice and sense of place, procedural justice and community engagement, and distributive justice and localising benefits. The resulting evidence provides insight as to how net-zero industrial transitions are perceived by local communities, and data from the national survey allows us to show how local perspectives align and resonate with UK publics on a national scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103051"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social capital as a policy catalyst: Enhancing municipal investment in climate risk reduction and adaptation","authors":"Pablo Neudörfer ,&nbsp;Patricio Valdivieso","doi":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2025.103041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Does social capital guide municipalities toward improved investment in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation? This article investigates whether communities with high vulnerability to climate change risks and strong social capital traits are more likely to invest in preparedness for climate change disasters. We leverage the exogenous variation of local downpours in Chile from 2009 to 2018 as a catalyst for increased awareness to examine the effects of social capital on public investment in adaptation. Our findings reveal that linking and bridging social capital levels affect preparedness as communities experience more downpours, while bonding social capital levels have no effect. These results suggest that linking and bridging could steer policymakers toward increased investment, contributing to more resilient and sustainable communities in the face of climate change. Furthermore, social capital may have the potential to shift policymakers’ focus from popular short-term disaster relief spending to long-term preparedness investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":328,"journal":{"name":"Global Environmental Change","volume":"94 ","pages":"Article 103041"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}