Aging Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Fasting and calorie restriction modulate age-associated immunosenescence and inflammaging","authors":"Anteneh Mehari Tizazu","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12342","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aging is a multifaceted process impacting cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems of the body. Like other systems, aging affects both the adaptive and the innate components of the immune system, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. The deregulation of the immune system puts elderly individuals at higher risk of infection, lower response to vaccines, and increased incidence of cancer. In the Western world, overnutrition has increased the incidence of obesity (linked with chronic inflammation) which increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Aging is also associated with inflammaging a sterile chronic inflammation that predisposes individuals to age-associated disease. Genetic manipulation of the nutrient-sensing pathway, fasting, and calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to increase the lifespan of model organisms. As well in humans, fasting and CR have also been shown to improve different health parameters. Yet the direct effect of fasting and CR on the aging immune system needs to be further explored. Identifying the effect of fasting and CR on the immune system and how it modulates different parameters of immunosenescence could be important in designing pharmacological or nutritional interventions that slow or revert immunosenescence and strengthen the immune system of elderly individuals. Furthermore, clinical intervention can also be planned, by incorporating fasting or CR with medication, chemotherapy, and vaccination regimes. This review discusses age-associated changes in the immune system and how these changes are modified by fasting and CR which add information on interventions that promote healthy aging and longevity in the growing aging population.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are blue zones? An argument in favor of its definition based on the most successful model of biological aging","authors":"Ivan David Lozada-Martinez,&nbsp;Juan-Manuel Anaya","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12343","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The exhaustive and rigorous study of aging, especially healthy aging, constitutes a highly interesting area of research today, due to the demographic transition the world is undergoing with a dramatic increase in the proportion of older persons. Due to the imprecise capacity of health systems to be able to respond to this scenario,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; a transformation and restructuring of priorities in public health and global health have been considered. In recent years, the United Nations declared the period between 2021 and 2030 as the decade of healthy aging, defining four principles that have the potential to impact the human rights of healthy longevity,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and the health outcomes of older persons.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; These principles, accompanied by some objectives of the World Health Organization on aging and health, propose strengthening research on healthy longevity to impact, more than life expectancy, on healthy lifespan.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The term “blue zone” was coined by Poulain et al.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; who arbitrarily defined it as a geographical area with a higher proportion of male centenarians compared to female centenarians (which is commonly the opposite case) in Sardinia. Despite this, the term has been used heterogeneously in some studies on extreme longevity, referring to areas or populations with high rate of centenarians, high life expectancy/healthy lifespan, high proportion of octogenarians and nonagenarians (but not centenarians), or very low prevalence of age-related chronic diseases in aged over 80 years old.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dan Buettner, an American explorer, and journalist, is known for disseminating information about some “well-documented” blue zones,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; which can be explored through documentary films on National Geographic and the Netflix series called “Live to 100: Secrets of the Blue Zones.” These zones include Okinawa in Japan, Sardinia in Italy, Nicoya in Costa Rica, Ikaria in Greece, and Loma Linda in California.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; In these documentary films, anecdotes and experiences related to lifestyles, customs, and social behaviors typical of areas, where octogenarians, nonagenarians, and centenarians with favorable health phenotypes can be found, are shared. However, just as there are similarities, there are also significant differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of these populations, which must be examined and discussed considering the evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a nonsystematic search in PubMed, there are no more than 12 documents published to January 2024 that include the term “blue zones” in their titles. What is even more intriguing, most of the available documents are reviews or correspondences where claims are made about lessons, outcomes, and special considerations regarding extreme longevity. These analyses often include people starting from the age of 65 (who are not extreme longevity candidates).&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12343","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty and chronic diseases: A bi-directional relationship","authors":"Urza Bhattarai,&nbsp;Bijaya Bashyal,&nbsp;Anu Shrestha,&nbsp;Binu Koirala,&nbsp;Sanjib Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Frailty is a multidimensional syndrome associated with a decline in reserve capacity across multiple organ systems involving physical, psychological, and social aspects. Weakness is the earliest indicator of the frailty process. Multi-morbidity is the state of presence of two or more chronic diseases. Frailty and chronic diseases are interlinked as frail individuals are more prone to develop chronic diseases and multi-morbid individuals may present with frailty. They share common risk factors, pathogenesis, progression, and outcomes. Significant risk factors include obesity, smoking, aging, sedentary, and stressful lifestyle. Pathophysiological mechanisms involve high levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines as seen in individuals with frailty and chronic diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and anemia. Hence, frailty and chronic diseases go hand in hand and it is of utmost importance to identify them and intervene during early stages. Screening frailty and treating multi-morbidity incorporate both pharmacological and majorly non- pharmacological measures, such as physical activities, nutrition, pro-active care, minimizing polypharmacy and addressing reversible medical conditions. The purpose of this mini-review is to highlight the interrelation of frailty and chronic diseases through the discussion of their predictors and outcomes and how timely interventions are essential to prevent the progression of one to the other.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term heart rate variability: A potential approach to frailty assessment in older adults","authors":"Gevesh Chand Dewangan,&nbsp;Sunny Singhal,&nbsp;Dinu S. Chandran,&nbsp;Maroof Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Aparajit Ballav Dey,&nbsp;Avinash Chakrawarty","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12353","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation using short-term heart rate variability (HRV) and compare it among frailty statuses in older Indian adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 210 subjects aged 60 years and above were recruited into three groups: frail (<i>n</i> = 70), pre-frail (<i>n</i> = 70), and non-frail (<i>n</i> = 70) from the outpatient department of Geriatric Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in India. Frailty status was assessed using the Rockwood frailty index (FI) criteria. HRV was derived from a 5-min ECG recording of standard limb leads and assessed using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear analysis of cardiac interval variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The HRV parameters indicative of parasympathetic modulation such as SDNN, SDSD, rMSSD, NN50, pNN50, absolute HF power, and SD1 were significantly lower in frail subjects compared with both pre-frail and non-frail subjects (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Absolute LF power and SD2 were also lower in frail subjects compared with pre-frail and non-frail subjects (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Measures of sympatho-vagal balance (LF/HF and SD1/SD2 ratios) did not show statistical significance. The FI demonstrated negative correlations with all HRV parameters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Frail individuals exhibit decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation compared with pre-frail and non-frail individuals, although maintaining a balanced sympatho-vagal state. Furthermore, autonomic modulation declines progressively with increasing frailty.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142130352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent chronic total occlusion-percutaneous coronary intervention","authors":"Nai-Xin Zheng,&nbsp;Hu Ai,&nbsp;Ying Zhao,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Guo-Jian Yang,&nbsp;Guo-Dong Tang,&nbsp;Xi Peng,&nbsp;Fu-Cheng Sun,&nbsp;Hui-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12350","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12350","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objectives&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patients undergoing a prior failed attempt of chronic total occlusion-percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO-PCI) represent a challenging subgroup across all patients undergoing CTO-PCI. There are limited data on the effects of a prior failed attempt on the outcomes of subsequent CTO-PCI. We aimed to compare the procedural results and 24-month outcomes of prior-failed-attempt CTO-PCI with those of initial-attempt CTO-PCI.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Patients who underwent attempted CTO-PCI between January 2017 and December 2019 were prospectively enrolled. We analyzed the procedural results and 24-month major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between patients who underwent prior-failed-attempt and initial-attempt CTO-PCI. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization (TVR) during follow-up.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In total, 484 patients who underwent CTO-PCI (prior-failed-attempt, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 49; initial-attempt, &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 435) were enrolled during the study period. After propensity score matching (1:3), 147 patients were included in the initial-attempt group. The proportion of the Japanese-CTO (J-CTO) score ≥2 was higher in the patients who underwent prior failed attempt than in those who underwent initial attempt (77.5% vs. 38.8%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The retrograde approach was more often adopted in the prior-failed-attempt group than in the initial-attempt group (32.7% vs. 3.4%,  [&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt; 0.001). Successful CTO revascularization rates were significantly lower in the prior-failed attempt-group than in the initial attempt group (53.1% vs. 83.3%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that J-CTO score ≥2 [odds ratio (OR), 0.359; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.159–0.812; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.014], intravascular ultrasound procedure (OR, 4.640; 95% CI, 1.380–15.603; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.013), and prior failed attempt (OR, 0.285; 95% CI, 0.125–0.648; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) were the independent predictors for successful CTO revascularization. There were no significant differences in major procedural complications (2.0% vs. 0.7%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.438) and MACE rates (4.1% vs. 8.8%, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.438) between the groups, mainly due to the TVR rate (4.1% vs. 8.2%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.522).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Compared with initial-attempt CTO-PCI, prior-failed-attempt CTO-PCI deserves more attention, since it is associated with a lower successful CTO revascu","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with low functional mobility in older adults","authors":"Fernanda Nascimento de Oliveira,&nbsp;Eduarda Pereira Damião,&nbsp;Lucas dos Santos,&nbsp;Lucas Lima Galvão,&nbsp;Helen Rocha Machado,&nbsp;Rizia Rocha Silva,&nbsp;Sheilla Tribess,&nbsp;Jair Sindra Virtuoso Júnior,&nbsp;Douglas de Assis Teles Santos","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12323","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To analyze the factors associated with low functional mobility in older adults residing in Alcobaça, BA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is an epidemiological survey with a cross-sectional design, conducted in 2015 with 473 older adults (62.4% women; mean age 70.2 ± 8.2 years) from Alcobaça, BA. The interview script addressed sociodemographic characteristics, health, and behavioral aspects. Functional mobility was assessed using the Short Physical Performance Battery (≤6 points). Inferential analyses were conducted using the Mann–Whitney U test and Poisson regression (with robust variance and estimation of prevalence ratios and their respective 95.0% confidence intervals).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of low functional mobility was 9.6%, with associated factors including the use of alcoholic beverages (PR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.01–1.13) and the number of repetitions in elbow flexion (PR = 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01–1.05). Additionally, older adults with low mobility had lower height, thigh circumference, and lower performance in handgrip strength tests, elbow flexion, and flexibility. They also spent more time in sedentary behavior and less time in physical activity compared to older adults with preserved mobility (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Older adults with low mobility exhibit poorer values in anthropometric parameters, lower performance in motor tests, spend less time engaged in physical activities, and more time in sedentary behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced vasorin signaling mitigates adverse cardiovascular remodeling","authors":"Mingyi Wang,&nbsp;Kimberly Raginski McGraw,&nbsp;Robert E. Monticone,&nbsp;Roberta Giordo,&nbsp;Ali H. Eid,&nbsp;Gianfranco Pintus","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arterial stiffening is a critical risk factor contributing to the exponential rise in age-associated cardiovascular disease incidence. This process involves age-induced arterial proinflammation, collagen deposition, and calcification, which collectively contribute to arterial stiffening. The primary driver of proinflammatory processes leading to collagen deposition in the arterial wall is the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Activation of this signaling is pivotal in driving vascular extracellular remodeling, eventually leading to arterial fibrosis and calcification. Interestingly, the glycosylated protein vasorin (VASN) physically interacts with TGF-β1, and functionally restraining its proinflammatory fibrotic signaling in arterial walls and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Notably, as age advances, matrix metalloproteinase type II (MMP-2) is activated, which effectively cleaves VASN protein in both arterial walls and VSMCs. This age-associated/MMP-2-mediated decrease in VASN levels exacerbates TGF-β1 activation, amplifying arterial fibrosis and calcification in the arterial wall. Importantly, TGF-β1 is a downstream molecule of the angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling pathway in the arterial wall and VSMCs, which is modulated by VASN. Indeed, chronic administration of Ang II to young rats significantly activates MMP-2 and diminishes the VASN expression to levels comparable to untreated older control rats. This review highlights and discusses the role played by VASN in mitigating fibrosis and calcification by alleviating TGF-β1 activation and signaling in arterial walls and VSMCs. Understanding these molecular physical and functional interactions may pave the way for establishing VASN-based therapeutic strategies to counteract adverse age-associated cardiovascular remodeling, eventually reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with cognitive function in patient with Alzheimer's disease with newly prescribed acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: A 1-year retrospective cohort study","authors":"Pao-Yuan Ching,&nbsp;Cheng-Ho Chang,&nbsp;Chih-Chuan Pan,&nbsp;Yung-Chih Chiang,&nbsp;Hsin-ya Kuo,&nbsp;Tien-Wei Hsu,&nbsp;Che-Sheng Chu","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12324","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to examine the factors associated with treatment outcomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) after 1 year of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We obtained electronic medical records from a medical center in Southern Taiwan between January 2015 and September 2021. Participants aged ≥60 who were newly diagnosed with AD and had been prescribed AChEIs were included. Cognitive assessments were performed before the AChEIs were prescribed and at the 1 year follow-up. Cognition progressors were defined as a Mini-Mental State Examination decline of &gt;3 or a Clinical Dementia Rating decline of ≥1 after 1 year of AChEI treatment. The relationship between the baseline characteristics and cognitive status after follow-up was investigated using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for potential confounders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1370 patients were included in our study (mean age, 79.86 ± 8.14 years). After adjustment, the body mass index (BMI) was found to be significantly lower in the progressor group [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 0.970, 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs): 0.943 to 0.997, <i>P</i> = 0.033]. The usage of antipsychotics was significantly higher in the progressor group (AOR: 1.599, 95% CIs: 1.202 to 2.202, <i>P</i> = 0.001). The usage of benzodiazepine receptor agonists also tended to be significantly higher in the progressor group (AOR: 1.290, 95% CIs: 0.996 to 1.697, <i>p</i> = 0.054).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results suggest that patients with AD who receive 1 year of AChEI treatment and have a lower BMI or concurrent treatment with antipsychotics and benzodiazepine receptor agonists are more likely to suffer from cognitive decline.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141537046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse field ablation for atrial fibrillation: Is the curtain about to rise?","authors":"Junpeng Liu,&nbsp;Min Dong,&nbsp;Jiefu Yang","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Catheter ablation has been validated as an effective intervention for atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, significantly reducing recurrence rates, improving prognoses, and enhancing life quality.<span>^1-3</span> However, conventional methods employing radiofrequency or cryothermal energy suffer from a lack of tissue specificity, potentially leading to complications such as pulmonary vein stenosis, atrioesophageal fistula, and hemidiaphragmatic paralysis.<span>^{2, 3}</span> Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has recently emerged as a promising alternative, utilizing the microsecond-scale, high-voltage electrical fields to induce irreversible electroporation and cell membrane destabilization, culminating in cellular necrosis.<span>^{4, 5}</span> Its superior tissue selectivity minimizes damage to non-target tissues during ablation, positioning PFA as an ideal modality for cardiac ablation.</p><p>Preclinical experiments utilizing animal models have underscored the potential of PFA for achieving durable pulmonary vein isolation (PVI),<span>^{6, 7}</span> highlighting the method's capability to form comprehensive transmural lesions devoid of adverse effects like pulmonary vein ostia stenosis or esophageal damage.<span>^{8, 9}</span> Notably, PFA's application has shown efficacy in permanently neutralizing the atrial ganglion plexus without compromising atrial myocardium integrity or triggering inflammatory responses and fibrosis.<span>^7-9</span></p><p>In 2018, Reddy and colleagues<span>¹⁰</span> pioneered the application of PFA for the clinical management of paroxysmal AF Their groundbreaking work revealed that an average of 3.26 ablations was sufficient to achieve complete PVI with an operation duration of approximately 67 ± 10.5 min. The procedure was characterized by minimal chest and diaphragmatic sensations, yet remarkably, it resulted in no complications. Follow-up studies involving 81 patients undergoing mono-phase and bi-phase PFA demonstrated 100% acute isolation of pulmonary veins, with the procedure taking an average of 92.2 ± 27.4 min and the ablation itself 13.1 ± 7.6 min.<span>¹¹</span> Given the pivotal role of pulmonary vein reconnection in ablation recurrence, the stability of PVI post-procedure emerges as crucial. Notably, advancements in PFA waveform technology have significantly increased PVI durability from 18% to a full 100% at the 3-month benchmark. Aside from a single incident of cardiac tamponade related to the operation, no severe complications were reported within the first 120 days post-ablation. At the one-year follow-up mark, the rate of sinus rhythm maintenance impressively stood at 87.4%. These findings collectively affirm the efficacy of PFA in achieving swift and durable PVI, primarily through selective myocardial tissue targeting, while maintaining a commendable safety profile.</p><p>Nevertheless, the inherent challenge of high recurrence rates i","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141536912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hypothesis: MiRNA-124 mediated regulation of sirtuin 1 and vitamin D receptor gene expression accelerates aging","authors":"Poulami Dhar,&nbsp;Shailaja Moodithaya,&nbsp;Prakash Patil,&nbsp;Kellarai Adithi","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12330","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12330","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Specific miRNAs are evident to be overexpressed with age, lifestyle, and environmental changes. Previous studies reported miR-124 overexpression in different scenarios in aged skin, age-related cognitive impairment, ischemic heart disease, muscle atrophy, and fractures. Thus miR-124 was considered to be a reliable miRNA target to establish a hypothesis on aging epigenome. Parallelly the hypothesis focuses on the expression of SIRT1 and VDR genes as a target for this specific miRNA expression as these genes were believed to be related to aging. This study aims to derive facts and evidence from past studies on aging. The objective was to establish a hypothetical linkage between miR-124 with age-related genes like SIRT1 and VDR.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An in silico search was performed in the TargetScan and miRbase databases to analyze the aging-associated miRNAs and their gene targets, the Python seaborn library was used, and the results were represented in terms of a bar plot.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on an in silico analysis and studies available in the literature, we identified that miR-124-3p.1 and miR-124-3p.2 targets 3′ UTR of VDR and SIRT1 genes, and hence thereby indicates that the miR-124 can regulate the expression of these genes. Further, few in vitro research studies have observed that miR-124 overexpression leads to the downregulation of VDR and SIRT1 gene expression. These results indicate that the suppression of these target genes accelerates early aging and age-related disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, this study hypothesizes that the overexpression of miR-124 diminishes the expression of VDR and SIRT1 genes, and thereby advances the process of aging, resulting in the development of age-associated complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12330","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141336458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}