Aging Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The prevalence and perceived effectiveness of using a medication-swallowing lubricant in aged care facilities across Australia","authors":"Marwa A. Malouh,&nbsp;Aida Sefidani Forough,&nbsp;Julie A. Y. Cichero,&nbsp;Esther T. L. Lau,&nbsp;Lisa M. Nissen,&nbsp;Kathryn J. Steadman","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12261","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12261","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the extent of use and perceived effectiveness of using a medication lubricant that is specifically designed to help people who struggle to swallow their solid medications whole.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Health care workers of varying professional levels in aged care facilities (ACFs) across Australia who are involved in medication administration were invited to participate in a structured online survey.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of the 355 health care workers who completed the survey, 48% had used the medication lubricant to aid administration of whole and/or crushed solid oral dosage forms, and of these 89% agreed with the statement that “it is effective method to facilitate medication swallowing in residents.” The main benefits of using the medication lubricant were considered to be easier medication administration to residents (49%), reduction in need for crushing of medications (34%), and better adherence with medications (33%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study showed that using a medication lubricant for aged care residents may facilitate the process of medication administration for health care workers, which they perceive to improve residents' adherence with medications. Serious complications associated with solid dosage form modification may also be decreased by using a medication lubricant, as the need for modifying medications is reduced. Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA)-approved medication lubricants could therefore be a valuable tool to aid the medication administration for patients who have difficulties swallowing medications. Future research may consider the clinical efficacy and acceptability of medication lubricants specifically for people with swallowing difficulties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"239-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10498827/pdf/AGM2-6-239.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictive value of computerized tomography-assessed sarcopenia for complicated appendicitis in geriatric patients","authors":"Ali Cihat Yildirim,&nbsp;Şahinde Atlanoğlu,&nbsp;Mehmet Ali Gedik,&nbsp;Sezgin Zeren,&nbsp;Mehmet Fatih Ekici","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12259","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Geriatric patients have more complicated appendicitis, which leads to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Sarcopenia has been shown to have a negative impact on patients undergoing surgery. This study aims to reveal the predictive value of computerized tomography-assessed (CT-assessed) sarcopenia for complicated appendicitis in geriatric patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One-hundred fifty-four patients’ with acute appendicitis age, gender, co-morbidities, appendicitis status, and body mass index (BMI) values were analyzed. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and related measurements were evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifty-two percent of the patients had complicated, and 48% had uncomplicated appendicitis. There was a statistically significant difference between uncomplicated and complicated cases regarding BMI, SMI, and muscle area values (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The cutoff point by Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve analysis was conducted for SMI and showed 71% sensitivity and 52% specificity (<i>P</i> = 0.042). Multivariate analysis has shown that comorbidities are significantly more associated with complicated appendicitis than sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Geriatric patients with lower BMI, decreased muscle area, and CT-detected sarcopenia have an increased risk of complicated appendicitis. Comorbidities are also important risk factors. Surgeons should be aware of factors leading to complicated appendicitis, which may cause higher morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"222-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12259","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10267612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frailty after COVID-19: The wave after?","authors":"Maximilian König,&nbsp;Maik Gollasch,&nbsp;Yulia Komleva","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12258","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12258","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic poses an ongoing public health challenge, with a focus on older adults. Given the large number of older persons who have recovered from COVID-19 and reports of long-lasting sequelae, there is reasonable concern that the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to a long-term deterioration in the health of older adults, i.e., a potential “wave of frailty.” Therefore, it is critical to better understand the circumstances surrounding the development of frailty as a result of COVID-19, as well as the underlying mechanisms and factors contributing to this development. We conducted a narrative review of the most relevant articles published on the association between COVID-19 and frailty through January 2023. Although few studies to date have addressed the effects of COVID-19 on the onset and progression of frailty, the available data suggest that there is indeed an increase in frailty in the elderly as a result of COVID-19. Regarding the underlying mechanisms, a multicausal genesis can be assumed, involving both direct viral effects and indirect effects, particularly from the imposed lockdowns with devastating consequences for the elderly: decreased physical activity, altered diet, sarcopenia, fatigue, social isolation, neurological problems, inflammation, and cardiovascular morbidity are among the possible mediators. Since the COVID-19 pandemic is leading to an increase in frailty in the elderly, there is an urgent need to raise awareness of this still little-known problem of potentially great public health importance and to find appropriate prevention and treatment measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"307-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bc/3c/AGM2-6-307.PMC10498835.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10320947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini Nutrition Assessment-Short Form score is associated with sarcopenia even among nourished people – A result of a feasibility study of a registry","authors":"Mohammad Reza Shadmand Foumani Moghadam,&nbsp;Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki,&nbsp;Mina Rashidipour,&nbsp;Reza Rezvani,&nbsp;Parnian Pezeshki,&nbsp;Majid Ghayour Mobarhan,&nbsp;Zohre Hosseini","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12257","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12257","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to identify a new barrier to the use of the Mini-Nutrition Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF), which is a malnutrition assessment tool for the risk assessment of sarcopenia in a nourished population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MNA-SF was completed, and individuals with a score of &gt; 11 were considered nourished in this cross-sectional feasibility study of a registry. Sarcopenia was assessed in 766 healthy, nourished adults (33.4% men, 64.9 ± 7.1 years) based on the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The MNA-SF scores for non-sarcopenia, pre-, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia were 13.59 ± 0.69, 13.73 ± 0.60, 12.64 ± 0.74, and 12.5 ± 0.71, respectively. The higher MNA-SF score association with pre-sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR): 1.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.86, <i>P</i> = 0.02], confirmed sarcopenia (OR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13–0.49, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and severe sarcopenia (OR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.09–0.46, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) was as significant as in the MNA-SF categories. Individuals with a score = 13 (compared with 14), had a higher risk of confirmed sarcopenia (OR = 10.07, 95% CI: 1.92–52.71, <i>P</i> = 006) and severe sarcopenia (OR = 12.09, 95% CI: 1.24–117.50, <i>P</i> = 0.032). Individuals with a score of 12 had a higher risk of confirmed sarcopenia (OR = 30.94, 95% CI: 4.25–103.02, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and severe sarcopenia (OR = 35.90, 95% CI: 4.25–303.07, <i>P</i> = 0.001) compared with subjects with a score of 14. The models also showed that MNA-SF &lt; 13 could predict sarcopenia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant association between MNA-SF and confirmed and severe sarcopenia in nourished people. Sarcopenia assessment in people with MNA-SF &lt; 13 can be beneficial. Developing a tool to identify the risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia at the same time based on MNA-SF can be considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"264-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0b/17/AGM2-6-264.PMC10498828.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity interventions in older adults with a cognitive impairment: A critical review of reviews","authors":"Catarina Alexandra de Rondão,&nbsp;Maria Paula Mota,&nbsp;Dulce Esteves","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12256","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12256","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This critical review explores the review material on physical activity combined with cognitive stimulation interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment and/or dementia. A critical, systematic, review of the review method was used, considering four electronic databases: WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and the COCHRANE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY. The search terms “exercise,” “physical activity,” “cognitive impairment,” “dementia,” and “systematic review” were used. All available reviews were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 32 reviews that met the inclusion criteria. A combination of various types of training and aerobic exercises were the most frequently reported interventions; meanwhile, dual task training programs (combining physical exercise with cognitive stimulation), functional training programs along with exercises combination, aerobic exercise as well as strength, stretching, or balance workouts were also reported. The evidence is compelling; exercise can improve physical health by ensuring cognitive, psychological, and behavioral benefits. Overall, exercise can improve the physical and mental health of people living with dementia: there is sufficient evidence to recommend multimodal exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"290-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/69/f8/AGM2-6-290.PMC10498829.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and specificity of conventional and new face validation in determining the incomprehensible items by older people: Empirical evidence of testing 106 quality-of-life items","authors":"Simon Ching Lam,&nbsp;Lorna Kwai Ping Suen,&nbsp;Emma Yun-Zhi Huang,&nbsp;Eliza Mi Ling Wong,&nbsp;Daphne Sze Ki Cheung,&nbsp;Rick Yiu Cho Kwan","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12254","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12254","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This methodological research aimed to investigate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of conventional and new face validation in identifying incomprehensible items empirically.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A purposive sample of 15 older people living in three residential care homes (RCHs) in Hong Kong was used to evaluate a newly developed 106 items covering seven quality-of-life dimensions. The abbreviated Mental Test (Hong Kong version; AMT) was used as a screening tool for excluding those with impaired cognition. The interview was audiotaped, and incomprehensible items were identified by the research panel accordingly (served as the gold standard). The socio-demographics of the respondents were described. Understandability (yes/no, conventional face validation method) and interpretability (4-point Likert scale, new method) were compared and used to compute the <i>Kappa</i> value (representing chance agreement), sensitivity, and specificity analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fifteen older people were interviewed and responded to the structured interview of 106 items regarding understandability and interpretability. 61 items (57%) obtained 100% positive understandability while only 35 items (33%) obtained 100% correct interpretability.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The <i>Kappa</i> coefficient was 0.388 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) of the chance agreement between understandability and interpretability. The panel confirmed that 32% of items required revision (i.e., incomprehensible items). The false negative rate of using the conventional approach was up to 70.59% while both the false positive and negative rates of using the new approach were low (0%–5.88%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This empirical evidence indicated that the conventional approach of face validation for checking incomprehensible items by older people encountered a high false negative rate. On the contrary, the new approach was recommended because it demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity and low false positive and negative rates in identifying incomprehensible items.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 3","pages":"230-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f0/58/AGM2-6-230.PMC10498830.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10617456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of senescence-associated secretory phenotype proteins in the vaginal secretions of pre- and postmenopausal women with and without prolapse","authors":"Polina Sawyer,&nbsp;Haolin Shi,&nbsp;Patrick Keller,&nbsp;Steven Brown,&nbsp;Maria Florian-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12255","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12255","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cellular senescence has been proposed as a pathophysiologic driver in the development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), especially during aging. In this study, we aimed to determine if markers of cell senescence can be quantified from vaginal secretions collected from pre- and postmenopausal women with and without POP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vaginal swabs were collected from 81 women in four groups: premenopausal with (pre-P) and without prolapse (pre-NP), and postmenopausal with (post-P) and without prolapse (post-NP). Multiplex immunoassays (MagPix) were then used to detect and quantify the presence of 10 SASP proteins in vaginal secretions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The total protein concentration of vaginal secretions differed significantly among the four groups (<i>P</i> = 0.003) with highest mean concentrations in pre-P [16, interquartile range (IQR) = 4.6, 38.3 μg/μL] and lowest mean concentrations in post-P (4.4, IQR = 2.6, 7 μg/μL). The normalized concentrations of several SASP markers differed significantly among groups, with the highest concentrations being seen in the post-P group, and the lowest concentrations being in the pre-NP group. Using these key markers, we then constructed receiver-operator curves to determine the relative sensitivity and specificity of these markers in predicting prolapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we found that SASP proteins can be detected and quantified in vaginal secretions. Several of these markers were differentially expressed among the four groups studied, with the highest normalized concentrations of SASP markers found among postmenopausal women with prolapse. Overall, the data support the theory that senescence is associated with prolapse during aging but that other factors may be important in younger women who develop POP before menopause.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/85/AGM2-6-124.PMC10242250.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9971649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring what progress is being made in the development of health promotion material for vascular dementia: A systematic review of the evidence","authors":"Rachel S. Price","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12253","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12253","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A systematic review conducted by Price and Keady (Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness, 2, 88 and 2010) demonstrated that there was a dearth of health-promoting literature available for people diagnosed with vascular dementia. The correlation between health behavior and the onset of cardiovascular change that can lead to vascular dementia had demonstrated a need for health education and health-promoting information to be made accessible to vulnerable populations to ameliorate the risk of cognitive decline because of cardiovascular disease. Dementia is a progressive and life-limiting condition and with limited treatment options and a lack of progress in identifying a way to delay onset or even cure the condition. Focus must be targeted towards risk reduction strategies that serve to reduce onset and decline and limit the global burden on not only the individual with the condition and their carers but also to the health and social care economy. To identify the progress that has been made in developing health-promoting literature and patient education guidance since 2010 a systematic literature review was undertaken. Using thematic analysis, &lt;i&gt;CINAHL&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MEDLINE,&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;psych INFO&lt;/i&gt; databases were accessed and following &lt;i&gt;PRISMA&lt;/i&gt; guidelines an inclusion and exclusion criteria was developed in order to locate peer-reviewed articles. Titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify a match with key terms, and from 133 screened abstracts eight studies met the inclusion requirements. From the eight studies, thematic analysis was implemented to identify shared understanding of experiences relating to health promotion in vascular dementia. The methodology for the study was replicated from the authors’ previous systematic review in 2010. Five key themes were identified in the literature (&lt;i&gt;Healthy heart healthy brain; Risk factors; Risk reduction/modification; Interventions; Absence of targeted health promotion&lt;/i&gt;). From what little evidence was available to review the thematic analysis has demonstrated developments in knowledge into the link between the onset of cognitive impairment and vascular dementia because of compromised cardiovascular health. Modifying health behavior has become essential in ameliorating the risk of vascular cognitive decline. With these developments the synthesis of the literature demonstrates that even with these insights there continues to be a lack of targeted material that individuals can access to understand the link between cardiovascular health and cognitive decline. It is recognized that maximizing cardiovascular health has the potential to lessen the risk of vascular cognitive impairment and vascular dementia developing and progressing yet targeted health promoting material remains lacking. With the developments in understanding the causal links between poor cardiovascular health, vascular cognitive impairment, and vascular dementia progress now needs to be made in developing targeted hea","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"184-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/13/AGM2-6-184.PMC10242248.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9598738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Against healthism in dementia prevention: Sharing responsibility","authors":"Timothy Daly","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12252","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12252","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;As I have argued in the journal,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; it is vital that social determinants of health be addressed in dementia prevention. Yet, there is still a major focus on individual-level interventions centered around behavior change. This is because of widespread “healthism” within society and research that takes an individual's responsibility for their own health for granted.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Instead, we ought to defend a view of “forward-looking responsibility” with regard to dementia prevention, in which “responsibility for health is not a zero-sum game” and is shared between governments and citizens.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dementia is a cognitive-behavioral amnestic syndrome affecting over 55 million people worldwide and has no cure. But according to an expert panel commissioned by &lt;i&gt;The Lancet&lt;/i&gt; in 2020, up to 40% of cases are associated with 12 potentially modifiable risk factors across the lifetime, centered around less education, poor health, and air pollution.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Recognizing that “many risk factors cluster around inequalities,” &lt;i&gt;The Lancet&lt;/i&gt; commission offers “Tackle inequality” as a key take-home message for dementia prevention priority to maximize risk reduction.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; However, most expert and journalistic discourse since then has entirely ignored what role governments might have to play in facilitating risk reduction and tackling inequality and has instead focused almost exclusively on citizens' lifestyles. A symptomatic article published on March 11, 2023, in the British newspaper &lt;i&gt;The Guardian&lt;/i&gt;, “Don't forget to floss: the science behind dementia and the four things you should do to prevent it,” claims that “exercise, being sociable, and looking after your ears” are keys to dementia prevention.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; It makes no mention of the need for governments to campaign for social inclusion or facilitate access to exercise or hearing aids.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This imbalance indeed smacks of healthism, an attitude which “elevat[es] health to a super value,” reduces health to a problem of individuals, and promotes “a non-political, and therefore, ultimately ineffective conception and strategy of health promotion … reinforc[ing] the privatization of the struggle for generalized well-being”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Yet, older adults themselves are not proponents of healthism. For instance, Feldman found that a sample of older women “refused to create new dualisms of super-aging, in which story-lines of physically fit, creative, active, adventurous aging become the new unachievable oppression”.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Moreover, beyond being a moralizing attitude, healthism also widens inequalities in dementia prevention in an unequal society by favoring those who have access to physical, mental, and social resources required for long-term maintenance of risk-reducing behaviors.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Instead, as Walsh et al&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; have ","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"207-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/5d/f9/AGM2-6-207.PMC10242245.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9597276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese expert consensus on prevention and intervention for elderly with sarcopenia (2023)","authors":"Hua Cui,&nbsp;Zhaohui Wang,&nbsp;Jianqing Wu,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Jin Zheng,&nbsp;Wenkai Xiao,&nbsp;Ping He,&nbsp;Yun Zhou,&nbsp;Jianye Wang,&nbsp;Pulin Yu,&nbsp;Cuntai Zhang,&nbsp;Jinhui Wu,&nbsp;Geriatrics Branch of the Chinese Medical Association","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12245","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12245","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength or physical function. It is most common in elderly individuals. Due to its high incidence, insidious onset, and extensive impact on the body, it has a huge impact on the family medical burden and the social public health expenditure in China. The understanding of sarcopenia in China is still lacking, and the recommendations for prevention, control, and intervention are not clear and unified. The purpose of this consensus report is to standardize the prevention, control, and intervention methods for sarcopenia in elderly patients in China; improve the efficacy of intervention; reduce complications during the intervention process; and reduce the risk of falls, fractures, disability, hospitalization, and even death in elderly individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":"6 2","pages":"104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9590920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}