PCD Online Journal最新文献

{"title":"Democracy, Islam and Party System in Indonesia: towards a consensus-oriented model?","authors":"P. Gyene","doi":"10.22146/PCD.41970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.41970","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that the impact of “Islam” on the Indonesian political system is worth studying on three different levels: 1. society’s political divisions; 2. the party system 3. parliamentary politics. I contend that there is a specifically Indonesian “consensus-oriented” democracy model involved in the process—which is not, however, without Western predecessors—wherein political Islam and Islamist parties act not as destabilising factors but rather as “Muslim democratic” forces that strengthen democratic consensus in a manner similar to some “Western” Christian democratic parties. This research is based partly on a historical and, implicitly, comparative approach. It builds strongly on the theoretical framework and methodology of Sartori’s classic party system typology, Lijphardt’s “majoritarian” and “consensus-based” democracy model, and the so-called neo-institutionalist debate on the possible advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary and presidential governments.  ","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"10872 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86013158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Disciplined Freedom: The Paradox of Labour Rights in Post-Reformasi Indonesia","authors":"R. Azhiim, Gema Ramadhan Bastari","doi":"10.22146/PCD.36026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.36026","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss the paradox of labour rights in Indonesia after the beginning of Reformasi in 1998. Despite workers having been provided with better regulations that uphold all of their essential rights, labour protests remain prevalent with the same demands every year. To explain this paradox, this paper will employ Foucault's concept of biopower to argue, that instead of bringing prosperity to workers, these new regulations have actually disciplined them. New regulations and freedoms have dictated and limited the kinds of actions that workers can undertake, constructing their logic and becoming internalised to the point that some do not realise that they are ironically being constrained by the very laws that were supposed to free them. As such, workers have unknowingly become trapped in a cycle of protest–new government policy–protest ad infinitum. This paper concludes that \"Reformasi\" has not done much to improve workers' prosperity. The Manpower Law and freedom of association have failed to guarantee the fulfilment of labour rights, instead giving a false sense of freedom. To escape this trap, the labour movement must find a way to fight outside of the logic provided by the Manpower Law by beginning to imagine a system where labour exploitation can no longer exist.","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80261135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Islamic Political Discourse in the Reform Era","authors":"Dimpos Manalu","doi":"10.22146/pcd.43019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/pcd.43019","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between the state and Islam is a dynamic and important theme inIndonesian political discourse, a situation inseparable from some Muslims' aspirationsfor Islam to become the ideology (foundation) of the state. In the important politicalevents that have occurred, such polemics have often emerged and become sources ofserious political tensions.Carool Kersten's book, an Indonesian-language translation of Islam inIndonesia: The Contest for Society, Ideas, and Values (2015), examines thecontestations of discourses and actors during Indonesia's Reform Era within therelationship of the state and religion (Islam). This book comprehensively explains how two groups—progressive Muslims and conservative (reactionary) Muslims—havecontinued their predecessors' struggles. It focuses specifically on the first group, as wellas the diverse sub-discourses included therein.","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"59 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72428233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Social Trust and Happiness to Government Trust: The Moderating Role of Political Systems and Governance in the Philippines","authors":"Erickson D Calata, Reginald Ugaddan","doi":"10.22146/PCD.41903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.41903","url":null,"abstract":"There are frequent calls to enhance citizens' trust in government to pave the way towards a new paradigm of participatory governance and strong citizen support for government. In various realms, citizens may directly or indirectly engage with the government through various available mediums, even though, despite the availability of various policies and services provided by the government, citizens are generally passive and adamant in trusting the public sector. While many studies have explored a set of determinants that influence citizens' trust in government (i.e., central government, local government, parliament, and the legal system), few studies have ascertained the relationship and the role of social trust, happiness, governance, and political systems. These are critical factors that may influence trust in government. To address this gap, this study draws on the theoretical lens of social capital theory, proposing that cognitive social trust and citizen happiness—environment and performance—are the most likely predictors of citizen trust in government. This study assumes that citizens' perceptions of governance and political systems will moderate the effect of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Using data from the Asia Barometer Survey 2007, and focusing on data collected from the Philippines, this study tests a latent model employing the structural equation modelling technique. It finds that happiness negatively predicts trust in the central government and the legal system, while all other predictors do not have a significant effect. The findings also show that the political system moderates the impact of social trust and happiness on trust in government. Finally, this article points out its theoretical, empirical, and practical implications and provides directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84925560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mainstreaming Modernisation Risk Politics under Indonesia’s Democratisation: Towards Public Control over of Welfare and Risk in Expanding Water Access","authors":"Tadzkia Nurshafira","doi":"10.22146/PCD.35411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.35411","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to understand modernisation risk politics under Indonesias’ democratisation in post-reform era. It endeavors to identify the politics of knowledge between civil society, academics, private companies, and government in defining and minimising modernisation risks, or in managing manufactured-uncertainties, under democratic regime. This paper argues that highlighting welfare issues in Indonesias’ democratisation is insufficient as welfare distributions, characterised by Indonesias’ effort to conduct modernisation specifically in development sector, are at the same time producing a high amount of manufactured-risk which is lack in number of analysis. The fundamental differences between welfare and risks results in distinctive characteristics of democratisation that the actors have to face. Informed by the notion of risk society by Ulrich Beck (1992) and transformative approach to democratisation (Harris et.al., 2004; Tornquist et.al., 2009), risk politics are best understood and conducted under the lens of transformative democratic politics—an approach that equally recognise the importance of democratic institutions as well as actors’ will and capacity to posit themselves in the structure and to make use of demoratic institution in creating a more prosperous life. This paper uses qualitative method to assess the construction of New Yogyakarta International Airport (2011-2017) in Kulon Progo as a case study.","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79542243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformational and Transactional Leadership, Understanding How Leadership Cultivates Democratic Citizenship in Panggungharjo, Bantul, Yogyakarta","authors":"Ashari Cahyo Edi, I. Wardhani","doi":"10.22146/PCD.35229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.35229","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership is essential in promoting democratic citizenship, and the village government level is not an exception. Using the experience of Panggungharjo Village, Bantul, this paper tries to understand the roles of leadership in supporting the fulfillment of citizens’ rights being related to the context of the Law 6/2014 on Village. Based on interviews conducted during October-November 2016, this paper found that transactional and transformational leadership approaches, conceptualized by Burns (1978), as Panggungharjo Head Village applies, are influential to the effectiveness of public services and welfare provisions. When used complementary and strategically, the two leadership styles determine the effectiveness of village leadership and reform initiatives. Indeed, there is an issue of power that is crucial to take into account. In comprehending this important aspect, Lukes’s (1976, 2005) concept of power dimensions is helpful. His diagram of power consists of tangible power engineering (First Dimension), a new system of procedures that create barriers for potential political opponents (Second Dimension), and the enactment of new norms (Third Dimension). In Panggungharjo the Village Head’s leadership, approach is widely recognized as one the success stories in Indonesian village governance. Nevertheless, this effective and functioning government has resulted in a leadership practice that has created “beneficiaries” rather than “shaper and maker” citizens (Gaventa 2001, 2002, 2004). This outcome may not optimally underpin active citizenship, since in order to promote democratic citizenship, active citizens are a prerequisite. ","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75026978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vigilantism A 'Twilight Institution': Islamic Vigilante Groups and the State in Post-Suharto Yogyakarta","authors":"Mohammad Zaki Arrobi","doi":"10.22146/PCD.35215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.35215","url":null,"abstract":"The paper attempts to comprehend the nexus between identity politics, vigilantism, and citizenship within Islamist groups in Yogyakarta in the post-Suharto era. As numerous studies have revealed, post-Suharto era’s democracy in Indonesia has been marked by the persistence of militias, gangs, vigilantism, and street politics. These groups have largely embraced ethnicity, religion, and localism as their symbolism that represents a community that they claim they are defending. The widespread of identity-based groups that frequently breaking the law and public order have been portrayed either as the emergence of ‘uncivil society’ elements that challenging the state authority and threatening the very foundations of civil society and democratic values (see Beittenger, 2009, Jones, 2015, Hefner, 2016) or as the criminals that defend the political and economic interest of the oligarchic elites (Hadiz, 2003:607).  Without rejecting certain degree of fact within these studies, the article suggests that these explanations failed to understand the complexity of such groups and what constitutes their persistence in the local political landscape. This article argues that such groups have exercised a form of citizenship that is characterised by the mobilisation of local support, patronage politics and discourse of localised ‘Islamic populism’. In this regard, it suggests that the prominence of Islamist-vigilante groups in Yogyakarta lies in their role as ‘Twilight institution’ that can channel the citizens into the state institutions not just to negotiating their basic rights such as employment and public service through exploiting violence, patronage, and security business but also to defending their imagined and localised Ummah community.  In doing so, it embraces the notions that boundary between state and non-state is far more complex and often blurred; therefore, it will be fruitful to recognize that the state authority should be regarded as mingled result of the exercise of power by a variety of local institutions and the imposition of external institutions rather than a coherent and fixed institution (Migdal, 2004, Lunds, 2006).In making such arguments, the paper takes the role of Islamist groups in Yogyakarta particularly groups that loosely associated with the Development United Party (PPP) such as Gerakan Pemuda Kaaba (Kaaba Youth Movement), Gerakan Anti Maksiat (Anti-Vice Movement), and Laskar Hizbullah (Hizbullah troops) as the exemplar for elucidating the intersection between identity politics, vigilantism, and citizenship in localized political landscape. The primary data was conducted through in-depth interviews as well as participatory observations during 2014-2016. ","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75652688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the Stigma of Political Opportunism Among the Kiai: A Critique of the Modernist Perspective","authors":"Suswanta Suswanta","doi":"10.22146/PCD.36149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/PCD.36149","url":null,"abstract":"This study is rooted in a deep dissatisfaction with research that stigmatises the political activities of kiai as opportunist. Using an empirical basis, this article examines the political activities of the kiai during the internal conflicts of the Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB, National Awakening Party), hoping to show that the political activities of kiai are not opportunistic. Bourdieu's theory of social practice, with its conceptual framework (i.e. habitus, field, and capital) is borrowed to examine the political activities of kiai. This article presents qualitative research using an emic approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. This study finds that the political activities of the kiai during the PKB's internal conflicts were not opportunistic but rather a social praxis, unique in its representation of dialectic between the kiai's symbolic capital within the PKB and their application of their pesantren habitus and the Islamic value of Ahlusunnah wal jamaah (Aswaja). Politics, as viewed by the kiai, is a tool for realising truth and justice (Iqomatul Haq wal 'adl). They attempted to create balance by applying their pesantren habitus in political life to ensure that the PKB continued to follow the values of Aswaja Islam. The kiai, who had previously supported Gus Dur in the PKB's first internal conflict, became critical and shifted their support to Alwi Shihab during the PKB's first internal conflict, advising Gus Dur to control his ego, position himself correctly, and be consistent in his speech and actions while leading and administering the PKB.","PeriodicalId":32712,"journal":{"name":"PCD Online Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89010013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}