Matrix Science Medica最新文献

{"title":"Effects of montelukast versus inhaled beclomethasone on asthma control and immunoglobulin-E levels in asthmatic children","authors":"Afrah A. Hasan, Z. Al-Musawi, Haidar N. Abood, R. Hameed","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_26_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_26_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler is a corticosteroid medication used as the controller of persistent asthma. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used as the second-line in controlling the symptoms of the asthmatic child. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the comparison between the effects of beclomethasone dipropionate inhaler and montelukast on the total serum level of immunoglobulin E (IgE) and childhood asthma control test (C-ACT) in asthmatic children. Patients and Methods: A randomized clinical trial was done in Kerbala Teaching Hospital of pediatric from August 2014 to the end of October 2015, 97 patients were collected from asthma outpatient clinic aged 4 to 11 years with mild persistent asthma and randomly divided into beclomethasone group (51 patients) and montelukast group (46 patients), the total serum IgE was done before the initiation of treatment, and another reading was done after 3 months. The score of symptoms control was evaluated by C-ACT after 1 month of treatment, and another evaluation was done 2 months later. Results: There was a significant reduction in total serum IgE level (21% for montelukast group and 27% for beclomethasone group) after 3 months of treatment compared to baseline IgE, and there was significant improvement in childhood C-ACT scores (16% for montelukast group and 24% for beclomethasone group) after 3 months of treatment compared to the 1st month of treatment. There was a significant improvement in the beclomethasone group compared to the montelukast group after 3 months of treatment. Conclusions: Both beclomethasone and montelukast are effective controllers for asthma symptoms and reducing the total serum IgE level. Beclomethasone is better than montelukast in improving C-ACT scores.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"15 1","pages":"112 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85212680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence of health-care providers to hypertension management guidelines in Khartoum, Sudan, 2020","authors":"A. Saeed, Lamees Abdelrhman, L. Saad, Marah Omran, Inas Osman","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_33_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_33_20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension has the highest prevalence among the major non-communicable diseases in Sudan (prevalence 27.6%) due to high amount of salt intake in foods, lack of exercise, obesity, stress, smoking, and increase in age. Different guidelines have been proposed from time to time to increase the number of patients with controlled blood pressure. It is a well-established fact that poor disease control is largely related to the poor patient compliance to medical advice and medications. However, the other important aspect of the same problem is the physician's adherence to evidence-based management of hypertension, but, unfortunately, this has not been studied adequately. Objective: The objective is to investigate adherence practices of health care providers to the use of clinical practice guidelines in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out from February to April 2020 among health-care providers which include prescribing doctors and community pharmacists in Khartoum locality. Data were collected using electronic delivery validated questionnaire. Results: A total of 200 health-care professionals (HCPs) voluntary participated, 51% were pharmacists, while 49% were prescribing doctors. As overall 86.125% of participated health-care provider aware about hypertension as a health problem as a mean of their correct responses. In the area of measurement and management of a new case of hypertension, the mean of the responses (mean of correct answers) which follow guidelines was 55.75%. In the area of selection of anti-hypertensive treatment in comorbid conditions the mean responses of correct responses was 58.88%. Conclusions: Our study observed that the majority of HCP adhere to guidelines for hypertension in Khartoum locality. The study showed a lack of knowledge among HCPs in managing hypertension in patients with the comorbid condition.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"15 1","pages":"116 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83916989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left versus right-sided percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in relief of malignant obstruction","authors":"M. Dar, N. Choh, Suhail Rafiq, F. Shaheen, Sadaf Ali, I. Robbani","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_9_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_9_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biliary tree obstruction and consequent jaundice occur in 70%–90% of these patients and have important consequences mainly for the patient's quality of life, morbidity, and overall mortality. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an excellent palliative procedure to drain the bile ducts in malignant obstruction. We compared left- and right-sided approach in relief of malignant obstruction. The most common causes of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO) include pancreatic adenocarcinoma, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, ampullary/duodenal adenocarcinoma, gallbladder adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, and compressive metastatic peri-portal lymph node Materials and Methods: This study was a prospective, hospital-based study performed for 2 years from 2016 to 2018. PTBD was performed either through right in 16 patients or left approach in 15 patients. Two approaches were compared in terms of clinical and technological success, changes in laboratory data, internalization and survival. Results: (1) Rate of technological success was 100%. (2) There was a significant reduction in bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels after the procedure in both the approaches, but the decrease was more in the right-sided approach. Only the decrease in bilirubin levels was statistically significant. The decrease in albumin was attributed to the progression of the disease. (3) Clinical success was seen in 93.33% and 93.75% in left- and right-sided approach. (4) Internalization was done in 86.67% patients in the left-lobe approach, while as in right-lobe approach, it was done in 93.75% patients. Conclusion: PTBD causes a significant reduction in the bilirubin level, irrespective of the amount of liver drained or the type of drainage (external/internal). In our study, the reduction in bilirubin, ALT and ALP was more in the right-lobe approach. However, only reductions in levels of bilirubin were statistically significant.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"10 1","pages":"103 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80061254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myomectomy of incision site uterine fibroid during cesarean section","authors":"Rabia Khurshid, Saima Wani, Sheema Posh, Abida Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_25_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_25_20","url":null,"abstract":"Myomectomy is the most common surgery with cesarean section. There is a controversy between obstetricians about doing myomectomy with cesarean section. A 29-year-old primigravida patient presented with a massive lower segment myoma, who underwent myomectomy during cesarean section at term pregnancy. She did not have intraoperative hemorrhage or any postpartum complications. There seems to be no absolute contraindication for myomectomy during cesarean section especially if the surgeon has enough experience even if the myoma is large, located at the lower segment.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"44 1","pages":"127 - 129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75612111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in antibiotic resistance of major uropathogens","authors":"Falah Obayes Al-Khikani","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_24_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_24_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Around the world, there is no population clear from urinary tract infection (UTI), particularly among women. UTI is considered the most predominant bacterial infection. This study aimed to detect the incidence of the most common major uropathogens in patients severe from UTI with antibiotic-sensitivity tests that assist urologist doctors for appropriate antimicrobial empirical therapy. Materials and Methods: This study was carried in a private laboratory in Babil city, Iraq, from May 2019 to May 2020. A total of 70 individuals suffering from the clear symptoms of UTI, as well as, 20 healthy persons participated in this study as a control group. Then, the standard microbiological methods carried out to isolate and identify the the bacterial species. Antimicrobial-susceptibility tests were performed using different antimicrobial discs by applying the Kirby–Bauer disc-diffusion method. Results: Totally, 90 specimens were obtained from them 20 control group, 19 with no growth, and 51 patients with bacterial growth distributed as 43 (83%) females and 8 (17%) males. Escherichia coli were the most common predominant organisms. All isolates were showed a high rate of resistance to evaluated cephalosporins 100% and 82% to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, respectively, while very low resistance recorded in aminoglycosides 20% and 13% to Gentamicin and amikacin, respectively. Most age group infected with UTI was 21–40 year-old. Conclusion: The current study showed an increasing burden of UTI caused by various bacteria implicated in UTI that causes changeable sensitivity to various antimicrobial agents. Therefore, in clinical use appropriate medications should be selected based on the data obtained from antimicrobial-susceptibility tests.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"39 1","pages":"108 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74997011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic: Tracing the source of viral infection and minimizing the possibility of reintroduction of virus in human population","authors":"S. Shrivastava, P. Shrivastava","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_15_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_15_20","url":null,"abstract":"The Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has overwhelmed the public health authorities and the health care delivery system of multiple nations. The ongoing pandemic is caused by one of the viruses - SARS-CoV-2, belonging to the coronaviruses family. The genetic sequence of the isolated virus was similar among all the initial patients from Wuhan, which clearly indicate that the outbreak began from a single point introduction among the humans. At present, it is critical to understand about the origin of the virus, as it is a novel viral infection. These findings will aid us in getting significant insights about the start of the outbreak or the origin of the virus and thus we will be able to mount a better public health emergency response. In conclusion, in order to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, it is vital to identify the source of the virus and then take appropriate prevention and control measures, otherwise there is always a potential risk of reintroduction of the virus in the future once again and then once again we might be facing the challenge of containing the outbreak.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"104 1","pages":"132 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89285442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsurgical treatment of oral cavity leukoplakia","authors":"S. Swain, P. Debta","doi":"10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_22_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/MTSM.MTSM_22_20","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of the oral cavity leukoplakia, a potentially malignant lesion, is presently not evidenced based. Leukoplakia is a premalignant lesion of the oral cavity which has increased risk for oral cancer. If the leukoplakia is treated in its incipient stage, the chance of occurrence of the oral cancer can be reduced. Although there are several treatment options for leukoplakia, there is no specific and appropriate one for minimizing the malignant transformation of the leukoplakia. Tobacco and prolonged use of alcohol can cause significant risk factors toward origin of the oral cavity leukoplakia. Surgical excision, cryotherapy, and laser excision are the useful modes of the treatment for oral leukoplakia, but the minimizing the risk of the malignant transformation is still doubtful. However, the medical treatment for oral cavity leukoplakia is often attractive particularly to prevent the transformation of the leukoplakia into malignancy. The medical treatment is based on chemoprevention such as Vitamin A and retinoid, carotenoids, tea extract, bleomycin, and Vitamin C have been used although with inconclusive output. The nonsurgical treatment overweighs because of its non-invasiveness, good cosmetic result, well tolerated by the patient without cumulative toxicity and used when the surgery is avoided or contraindicated. In this review article, we will discuss different nonsurgical treatment options for oral cavity leukoplakia.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"13 1","pages":"91 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85605624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of neonatal sepsis at soba university hospital: A descriptive retrospective study","authors":"K. Abdelsalam, S. Badi, B. Yousef","doi":"10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_12_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_12_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Before getting the culture results, it is necessary to initiate empirical antibiotics based on the epidemiology of causative agents and antibiotic sensitivity patterns in the area. Our study aimed to determine the bacteriological profile of common etiologic agents of neonatal sepsis and their antibiotics-sensitivity pattern. Methodology: This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective hospital-based survey of 250 neonates' reports with positive blood culture, which was carried out in the Department of Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology of Soba University hospital from January 1, 2017, to July 31, 2017. The data were collected by using a predesigned checklist and were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Univariate, as well as multivariate analysis, were performed in this study to analyze the data. Results: Gram-negative bacteria were commonly isolated (56%). The most frequently isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus(34.8%) followed by Pseudomonas species (33.6%) and Klebsiella species (15.2%). Moreover, overall sensitivity among Gram-negative isolates was to imipenem (87.1%), followed by ciprofloxacin (84.7%) and amikacin (75.9%), whereas Gram-positive isolates had a high sensitivity of (93.6%) to vancomycin. Conclusion: Among the studied samples, the most frequently isolated organism was S. aureus. The overall sensitivity among Gram-negative isolates was higher to imipenem ciprofloxacin and amikacin, whereas Gram-positive isolates had a high sensitivity to vancomycin.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"10 1","pages":"74 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88595971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid 19: Transmission, case fatality rate, protective measures, laboratory diagnosis, and possible laboratory features","authors":"M. Olaniyan, M. Muhibi, T. Ojediran","doi":"10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_6_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_6_20","url":null,"abstract":"Covid 19 is a coronavirus disease caused by Covid 19 virus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) formerly referred to as novel coronavirus or Wuhan coronavirus or 2019-nCoV causes a deadly respiratory infection. It is an infectious viral agent and a positive-sense (+ssRNA), single-stranded RNA virus that causes acute respiratory disease which can be mild, moderate, or severe illness including death. It is a zoonotic infection and can also be transmitted from human to human. The virus enters the cell by binding with cell that has angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor using the spike. ACE2 receptor is found on the cell membranes of cells in the lungs, arteries, heart, kidney, and intestines. The first outbreak was reported in Wuhan, China, on December 31, 2019, hence the initial name Wuhan coronavirus. Globally, it has a fatality rate of 6.7% with a fatality rate of 3.5% in Nigeria as at April 18, 2020. The infection is air borne through droplets from infected person during coughing, spiting or sneezing. It can also be contracted by touching eyes, nose, or mouth with contaminated hands. Covid 19 may elicit both inflammatory and acute phase immune responses while the mechanical innate immune defense can be overcome to cause severe pneumonia The virus enters the lung through ACE2 receptors on the cell membrane of the lung to destroy cilia resulting into the accumulation of dead tissues, cells/dirts/wastes, and fluids thereby displacing the normal air content of the lung which will eventually bring about dry cough, and difficulties in breathing. The infection can be prevented through basic protective measures which include regular washing of hands with soap and water followed by sanitizing hands with alcohol-based sanitizer, social distancing, avoidance of gathering, quarantine measure applicable to especially those from endemic areas, self-isolation for those who are positive or manifesting related signs and symptoms, use of personal protective equipment, early diagnosis, and adequate intervention. The use of soap and alcohol are effective as soap can break through the lipid layer of the virus to become smaller particles which are washed away by water while alcohol is capable of lysing the virus. Covid 19 is diagnosed in the laboratory by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction Panel. Covid 19 may result into abnormal liver function tests due to abnormal fat retention, elevated plasma creatinine and urea which may be due to kidney damage, elevated C02, and decreased oxygen, level due to severe pneumonia, decreased and elevated anti and pro-inflammatory cytokines respectively which may be manifested as fever, acute phase response, decreased erythropoietin due to possible kidney damage, prolong prothrombin time/activated partial thromboplastin time and depleted platelet count which may manifest as disseminated intravascular coagulation. This work reviewed the transmission, case fatality rate, basi","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"6 1","pages":"64 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73038057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of drug–drug interactions between chemotherapeutic and chronically used medications at Khartoum Oncology Hospital","authors":"Maali A. Osman, M. Abdalla, Ame Mohamed, B. Yousef","doi":"10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_17_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mtsm.mtsm_17_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) in oncology are significantly crucial because chemotherapeutic drugs usually have a narrow therapeutic index. Many DDIs are expected to be present between chemotherapeutic agents and chronically used medications as the number of DDIs increases in parallel with the number of drugs taken. Because of the limited literature about this area in Sudan. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the DDIs between chemotherapeutic and chronically used medications in Sudanese patients.Methods: This study was carried out in Khartoum Oncology Hospital from March to May 2019. The data were collected using data collection sheets that were filled from patient records and direct interviews with the patients. The presence of DDIs was detected by Lexicomp® drug interaction software. Results: A total of 117 patients have been involved in this study. The main DDIs between chemotherapeutic and chronically used medications were identified in 20.5% of patients, which represented 8% of the total DDIs between all drugs. Of these, 76% of the DDIs were pharmacodynamic (PD), 20% were pharmacokinetic (PK), and 4% were both PD and PK. The majority (92%) of these DDIs have been moderate in severity and had the risk rate of C (84%). 12.5% of these patients experienced clinical consequences for which they were admitted to the emergency department. DDIs between antihypertensive medications and paclitaxel were the most common (68%). There was a significant association between the age and the presence of DDIs (P = 0.017). Conclusion: DDIs between chemotherapeutic and chronically used medications represented 8% of the total identified DDIs in the study patients.","PeriodicalId":32519,"journal":{"name":"Matrix Science Medica","volume":"12 1","pages":"79 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79881411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}