Afrika Focus最新文献_第3页

Malawi’s Post-Independence Foreign Policy and Its Influence on Development Options 马拉维独立后的外交政策及其对发展选择的影响

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020003

M. Chasukwa, H. Kayuni, Y. Msiska

{"title":"Malawi’s Post-Independence Foreign Policy and Its Influence on Development Options","authors":"M. Chasukwa, H. Kayuni, Y. Msiska","doi":"10.1163/2031356x-35020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper analyses the causes, processes and systemic factors that have been central to Malawi’s post-independence foreign policy and its implications for national development policy options between 1964 and 1993. The paper argues that Malawi’s post-independence foreign policy and development direction were mainly adopted in reaction to the failure of Kamuzu Banda (the first president of Malawi) to win international support (at an Organisation of African Unity summit) for his quest to interact economically with more countries. From a historical institutionalist perspective, it can be argued that this rejection “carved out” a future foreign policy direction that was deliberately meant to “rebel” against the Organisation of African Unity’s prescriptions. Subsequent development policies (for instance, maintaining ties with Israel and the apartheid South African regime) were actually more of an aftermath of this “carved-out” foreign policy direction. In other words, foreign policy dictated the development policy options. The findings are drawn from available documentary sources (new and old) and a review of existing literature. Through a re-examination of the existing evidence in the context of historical institutionalism, it provokes and recasts a new and fascinating debate on Malawi’s post-independence foreign policy architecture.","PeriodicalId":32512,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Focus","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76117679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Occupational Health and Safety Conditions of Informal Sector Workers in Three Nigerian Cities 尼日利亚三个城市非正规部门工人的职业健康和安全条件

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020006

E. Onyenechere, Linus O. Asikogu, L. Chikwendu, Faisal C Emetumah, I. Onyegiri, Obinna E. Ukanwa, Jorge C. Nkwo, Remy K. Nwokocha, C. C. Onyeneke

{"title":"Occupational Health and Safety Conditions of Informal Sector Workers in Three Nigerian Cities","authors":"E. Onyenechere, Linus O. Asikogu, L. Chikwendu, Faisal C Emetumah, I. Onyegiri, Obinna E. Ukanwa, Jorge C. Nkwo, Remy K. Nwokocha, C. C. Onyeneke","doi":"10.1163/2031356x-35020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Despite its economic relevance, the informal sector in Nigeria is plagued by occupational health and safety (ohs) anomalies. This study assessed ohs conditions among informal sector workers (isw s) operating in three Nigerian cities (Sokoto, Owerri and Port Harcourt). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a total of 717 isw s. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. Logistic regression was used in predicting good ohs practices, based on gender, education level, occupation, health impairments and common health and safety practices. The findings show that many isw s have inadequate water sources and sanitary facilities and poor occupational health and safety practices. The overall model was statistically significant in predicting the likelihood of having good ohs practices. The study concludes that ohs conditions among isw s are poor as a result of insufficient water and sanitation facilities and poor environmental health practices. Improved water and sanitation provision and ohs awareness and education programmes for isw s, in line with their specific occupations and susceptibility to certain kinds of occupational health impairment, are recommended.","PeriodicalId":32512,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Focus","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78911625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges Facing the Implementation of the New Secondary School Curriculum in Malawi 马拉维实施新中学课程所面临的挑战

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020005

G. W. Chirwa, Enelesi Banda, W. Mwakapenda

{"title":"Challenges Facing the Implementation of the New Secondary School Curriculum in Malawi","authors":"G. W. Chirwa, Enelesi Banda, W. Mwakapenda","doi":"10.1163/2031356x-35020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In its recent attempt to improve the quality of education in Malawi, the Malawian Ministry of Education, Science and Technology changed its secondary school curriculum; the new curriculum began to be implemented in 2017. So far, little is known about the challenges facing the implementation of this new secondary school curriculum. It is against this background of a knowledge gap that this study was undertaken: to investigate in depth the challenges facing the implementation of the new curriculum from the perspectives of school management, and ways of overcoming those challenges to improve the implementation. The study adopted the concerns-based adoption model. This model describes the process of change experienced by those at school level attempting to implement the new curriculum. The theory is concerned with the effect of the nature of the investment in people, time and resources as they pertain to the implementation of educational innovations. The study was conducted in four secondary schools in Lilongwe district in Malawi. A qualitative research method was used, employing a case study design. The participants were four head teachers, four deputy head teachers and 12 heads of department from the sample schools. Data were collected through interviews, document review and classroom observation of heads of departments’ lessons in order to provide methodological triangulation.\u0000Data were analysed using the inductive thematic content analysis method. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the new secondary school curriculum faces multiple challenges, the main ones being ineffective orientation training for curriculum implementers; inadequate numbers of qualified teachers, especially in science subjects; insufficient teaching and learning materials; too few and inadequately equipped science laboratories; and discrepancy in the administration of continuous assessment. Based on the findings, recommendations are made for better implementation of the curriculum.","PeriodicalId":32512,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Focus","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79275780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recovery and Substitute Addictions 康复和替代成瘾

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020011

D. Sinclair, S. Sussman, Shazly Savahl, M. Florence, W. Vanderplasschen

{"title":"Recovery and Substitute Addictions","authors":"D. Sinclair, S. Sussman, Shazly Savahl, M. Florence, W. Vanderplasschen","doi":"10.1163/2031356x-35020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Substitute addictions – addictions that replace terminated substance use disorders (sud s) – involving addictive behaviours such as a new substance, food/eating, gambling, shopping, or sex, have implications for recovery but remain poorly understood. While extant studies suggest a multifaceted aetiology, research is needed to illuminate the nature, dynamics/mechanisms, motives and risk factors of substitute addictions. This multiple-methods study (1) reviewed the available literature on substitute addiction in people with sud s using a scoping review method; (2) explored the experience of substitute addiction from a first-person perspective using a case study; (3) investigated the prevalence of substitute addiction and associated factors among service users during and after residential substance use treatment using a quantitative longitudinal cohort design (n=137, 66% follow-up rate); (4) explored recovery support group members’ (n=23) perceptions and experiences of substitute addictions using in-depth interviews; and (5) explored service providers’ (n=22) perceptions of substitute addiction through focus group discussions. Findings were integrated across datasets to offer recommendations for prevention, practice and research.","PeriodicalId":32512,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Focus","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80226219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Convoluted Experiences of Young Nigerian Victims of Trafficking along Their Migration Trajectories 年轻的尼日利亚人口贩运受害者在其移民轨迹上的曲折经历

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020008

S. Adeyinka

{"title":"The Convoluted Experiences of Young Nigerian Victims of Trafficking along Their Migration Trajectories","authors":"S. Adeyinka","doi":"10.1163/2031356x-35020008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This dissertation comprises two studies: the European Research Council-funded ChildMove Project, which studied the impact of transit experiences on the psychological wellbeing of unaccompanied refugee minors, and the Sub-Saharan Women In Prostitution Ethnographic Research (swipser) Project on the wellbeing of Nigerian and Ghanaian women working in prostitution in the red-light district of Brussels, funded by the municipality of Schaerbeek, Brussels. The ChildMove Project has various aspects: the present study focused on the complex experiences of Nigerian victims of trafficking in Italy. To better understand respondents’ experiences during their migration trajectories, we employed a multi-site, longitudinal approach which included semi-structured interviews with the participants. Using a multi-method ethnographic approach, the swipser Project highlights the experiences of Nigerian and Ghanaian women working in the red-light district of Brussels: their daily challenges and how those challenges impact their wellbeing. Both studies discuss the challenges, violent experiences and stigmatisation that the respondents encounter, as well as their coping strategies and their inability to escape the labelling and abuse that they experience, even though the migration journey has ended for many but continues for others.","PeriodicalId":32512,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Focus","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87014635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

La réforme de la fonction publique : Vecteur de bonne gouvernance et du développement en République Démocratique du Congo 公共服务改革:刚果民主共和国善政和发展的工具

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020010

Richard Tshienda Muambi

{"title":"La réforme de la fonction publique : Vecteur de bonne gouvernance et du développement en République Démocratique du Congo","authors":"Richard Tshienda Muambi","doi":"10.1163/2031356x-35020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Public sector reform policies have experienced considerable development over the past few decades in most developed countries, but also in those on the African continent. The civil service has thus been at the heart of many administrative reforms: since development has ceased to be considered from a solely economic or technical angle, the scientific community is more unanimous than in the past in its recognition that the effectiveness of economic structures depends largely on the complementarities they encounter in the political, administrative, social and even mental environment. Over the years, the will to reform the civil service has appeared as a constant for the countries in question. Justified by the principle of adaptation of the public service, civil service reform takes the form of projects which aim, on the one hand, to improve the direct relationship between the citizen and the administration and, on the other hand, to establish the terms of its management. In the Democratic Republic of Congo more than elsewhere, the functioning and performance of the public service has posed difficult questions for more than forty years, preventing it from breaking the paradox which characterises it - namely that in such a rich country, the population is one of the poorest on the planet. Thus, this study aims not only to analyse the strategies deployed in the implementation of civil service reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo but to attempt to evaluate the results as well.","PeriodicalId":32512,"journal":{"name":"Afrika Focus","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Perspectives on Zimbabwe and South Africa’s Social Policy Response to covid-19 津巴布韦和南非应对covid-19的社会政策比较

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020001

Clement Chipenda

引用次数: 0

Knowledge is Power: Politics and Formal Education in the Sixteenth-Century Kongo Kingdom 知识就是力量:16世纪刚果王国的政治与正规教育

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-11-14 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35020007

I. Brinkman

引用次数: 0

Dryland Ecosystems of the Sudano-Sahel: A Vegetation Model Perspective 苏丹-萨赫勒旱地生态系统:植被模型视角

Afrika Focus Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1163/2031356x-35010012

W. Verbruggen