ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Mujeres en ascenso: dinámica del sistema educativo y del mercado laboral en Colombia, 1900-2000 (Women Rising: Dynamics of the Education System and the Labor Market in Colombia, 1900-2000)","authors":"María del Pilar López-Uribe, D. Quintero, L. Gaitán-Guerrero","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1861624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1861624","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: El objetivo principal de la presente investigacion es describir y analizar los cambios en la transmision de conocimiento en los establecimientos educativos femeninos de Bogota y la participacion de la mujer dentro del mercado laboral bogotano. A partir de los resultados que arrojo la encuesta de empleo de 1963-1970 para Bogota y la encuesta integrada de hogares 2006, se elaboro un estudio por cohortes para analizar la relacion entre educacion y participacion laboral femenina. Adicionalmente, se realizo una exhaustiva revision de los Diarios Oficiales entre 1900 y 1950, con el fin de identificar las principales leyes y decretos educativos y la evolucion en la estructura curricular de las escuelas para hombres y mujeres. Asimismo, se revisaron los principales periodicos nacionales de la epoca para analizar los cambios en la mentalidad sobre el papel de la mujer dentro de la sociedad bogotana. Los principales resultados de la investigacion revelan que la mujer tuvo un papel mas activo dentro de la sociedad al ingresar a la universidad y al mercado laboral. Asi, el promedio de anos de educacion de la mujer aumento de 3 a casi 6, durante la primera mitad del siglo XX y, a partir de la cohorte de los anos treinta, la mujer comenzo a integrarse mas al mercado laboral como resultado de las politicas educativas y los cambios en la estructura y en la organizacion de la economia nacional.English Abstract:The main purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze changes in transmission of knowledge in the women schools in Bogota and their participation on the labor market. Using the data base “Encuesta de Empleo de 1963-1970 para Bogota” and “Encuesta Integrada de Hogares 2006”, this paper shows a methodology research by cohorts to analyze the relation between education and women labor participation. In addition, we conducted a thorough review of “Diarios Oficiales” and national newspapers between 1900 and 1950 to identify key educational regulations, curriculum structure evolution in schools and mentality changes about the role of women in society. The main findings reveal that the woman had a more active educational and labor role in society. Thus, the average years of women education increased from 3 to about 6, during the first half of the twentieth century, from the cohort of the thirties, the woman had more integration into the labor market as a result of educational policies and changes in the structure and organization of the national economy.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130433959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Economic Migration on Children's Cognitive Development: Evidence from the Mexican Family Life Survey","authors":"Elizabeth T Powers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1858041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1858041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses data from the Mexican Family Life Survey to estimate the impact of a household member’s migration to the United States on the cognitive development of children remaining in Mexico. While there is no developmental effect of a child’s sibling migrating to the United States, there is an adverse effect when another household member—typically the child’s parent—migrates. This is particularly true for pre-school to early-school-age children with older siblings, for whom the effect of parental migration is comparable to speaking an indigenous language at home or having a mother with very low educational attainment. Additionally, household-member migration to the United States affects how children spend their time in ways that may influence and/or be influenced by cognitive development.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130543708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friedrich List and the Economic Fate of Tropical Countries","authors":"M. Boianovsky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1810846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1810846","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this article is twofold. It examines how Friedrich List’s interpretation of the economic dynamics of “tropical” countries (countries located in tropical climates) as nonindustrial exporters of primary commodities fits in his analytical framework and accords with his emphasis on the explanatory value of environmental factors and on the role of colonialism in the development of “temperate” countries (countries located in temperate climates). This is followed by a selective investigation of the reception of List’s ideas in some Latin American countries (particularly Brazil) between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, as an attempt to establish whether List’s readers in those countries took any notice of his point that the infant-industry argument did not apply to tropical areas and that such economies should not embark on an industrialization process.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128890336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interest Groups, Information Manipulation in the Media, and Public Policy: The Case of the Landless Peasants Movement in Brazil","authors":"L. Alston, G. Libecap, Bernardo Mueller","doi":"10.3386/W15865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W15865","url":null,"abstract":"We extend the literature on interest group behavior and policy outcomes by examining how groups with limited resources (votes and campaign contributions) effectively influence government by manipulating media information to voters. Voters in turn lobby politicians to implement the group's preferred policies. In this manner interest groups can secure favorable government actions beyond their size and wealth. This is an important contribution because of the increased role of the media in the information age and because this linkage better explains observed government policies. We develop a multi-principal, multi-task model of interest group behavior and generate the characteristics of interest groups that would be most successful using publicity to secure their policy objectives. We apply the model to the Landless Peasants' Movement in Brazil. We detail how the Landless Peasants' Movement molds information; show the general voter response; and examine the reaction of politicians in changing the timing and nature of policy.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128808633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Networks, Sorting and Self-Selection of Ecuadorian Migrants","authors":"Simone Bertoli","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1619871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1619871","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides new empirical evidence about the influence exerted by migration networks upon migrants‟ self-selection in education from the analysis of the recent process of Ecuadorian migration. The severe economic crisis that hit Ecuador in the late 1990s induced a massive wave of migration, from a country which was characterized by a substantial geographical variability in the size of migration networks. As Ecuadorian migrants opted for a variety of destination countries in the aftermath of the crisis, we estimate a multinomial logistic model to assess the impact of migration networks on both migrants‟ sorting and self-selection. The estimates are in line with the theoretical arguments which predict that migration networks increase the likelihood or the extent of a negative self-selection of the migrants with respect to education.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116597575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The International Financial Crisis: Eight Lessons for and from Latin America","authors":"L. Rojas-Suárez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1543451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1543451","url":null,"abstract":"The international financial crisis of 2008–09 exposed the strengths and weaknesses of the current paradigm of development in Latin America, a paradigm based on liberalized capital accounts and significantly improved macroeconomic conditions. This paper presents lessons derived from the crisis, not only for the region itself, but also for other developing countries that might seek economic growth in the context of greater integration to the international capital markets. Some of the lessons are not new but have been reinforced by the crisis, such as Latin America’s imperative need for export diversification (not only in products but in partners). Other lessons break with longstanding myths about the region, such as its inability to undertake counter-cyclical policies—at least on the monetary side. Yet other lessons reflect new developments in the current growth paradigm, such as a renewed assessment of (1) the relative roles of foreign and domestic banks in shielding the financial system against external shocks and (2) the desirability of adopting blanket international financial regulations that do not account for a country’s degree of development. Taken together, the lessons in this paper bring a new sense of optimism for growth in Latin America.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127468912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperación Y Desarrollo En Las Comunidades Locales De España Y Perú (Cooperation and Development in Local Communities of Spain and Peru)","authors":"María Isabel Quevedo Alejos, Martha Chávez","doi":"10.21678/jb.2009.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21678/jb.2009.22","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: En la actualidad, el mundo se enfrenta a un escenario de competencia creciente entre empresas y territorios. Los retos de la globalizacion obligan a las ciudades y las regiones a proponer estrategias que estimulen los procesos de acumulacion de capital mediante la difusion de innovaciones y conocimiento, la adopcion de formas mas flexibles de organizacion de la produccion y el desarrollo de economias de urbanizacion, entre otros factores.Por ello, en este articulo analizaremos tres experiencias de desarrollo endogeno representadas por la Agencia Espanola de Desarrollo Iraurgi Lantzen (Espana), Finca Peru (organizacion civil peruana sin fines de lucro) y la Comunidad Campesina de Cullpe (Peru), con el fin de identificar y contrastar los diversos aspectos relacionados con el desarrollo autonomo de las comunidades.La dinamica del proceso de desarrollo en cada region o ciudad se encuentra relacionada directamente con las decisiones de inversion y los atractivos de los que dependen los territorios. En el caso Iraurgi Lantzen se relata la mejora en la comarca1 del Urola Medio2 con la construccion de una nueva carretera, lo que alienta a los municipios de la zona a buscar un consenso que los ayude a generar empleo y riqueza acorde con los interesesde fomento y promocion del valle. Por otro lado, el caso de Finca Peru nos muestra una iniciativa solidaria que promueve el progreso y el desarrollo en las regiones mas golpeadas por la pobreza y la subversion, como lo fueron las provincias de Huancavelica y Ayacucho, en la zona andina del Peru. Esta organizacion vela por la mejora socioeconomica de la poblacion, particularmente mujeres, por medio de la creacion del banco comunal, que actua sobre la base de tres pilares fundamentales: desarrollo humano, credito y ahorro. Finalmente, el caso de la Comunidad Campesina de Cullpe nos muestra un ejemplo de liderazgo social, innovacion, capacidad de convocatoria y principios etico-morales que reaniman a una comunidad golpeada por la pobreza y limitada en recursos, creando ventajas comparativas y oportunidades para el desarrollo rural.En conclusion, los casos analizados nos muestran que el desarrollo endogeno en las comunidades es posible olo si estas desarrollan una mayor capacidad para trabajar por una causa comun identificada. De esa manera, se logra el beneficio del colectivo de una manera sostenible.English Abstract: Nowadays, the world faces a scenario of growing competition between companies and territories. The challenges of globalization requires cities and regions to propose strategies that stimulate the processes of capital accumulation by the diffusion of innovation and knowledge, the adoption of more flexible forms of production organization and the development of economies of urbanization, between others. Therefore, in this paper three experiences of endogenous development represented by the Spanish Development Agency Iraurgi Lantzen (Spain), Finca Peru (Peruvian civil non-profit organ","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115692091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Smallholders to the New Agricultural Economy: An Evaluation of the Plataformas Program in Ecuador","authors":"R. Cavatassi, Mario Gonza'les-Flores, P. Winters, Jorge Andrade-Piedra, Patricio Espinosa, G. Thiele","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3307424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3307424","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the impact of participation in multi-stakeholder platforms (Plataformas) aimed at linking smallholder potato farmers to the market in the mountain region of Ecuador. It describes and evaluates the Plataformas’ program to determine whether it has been successful in linking farmers to higher-value markets and the effects that such connections have brought, particularly with regard to farmers’ welfare and to the environment. The analysis is run comparing a set of different and carefully constructed control groups to beneficiaries and using various specifications. Results are strongly consistent across the different specifications and are sound across the counterfactuals, suggesting impacts are adequately identified. Findings suggest that the program was successful in improving the welfare of beneficiaries, while potential negative environmental impacts, particularly with relation to agrobiodiversity and use of agrochemicals seem not to be a concern. Mechanisms through which impacts have been achieved are analyzed. Little spillover effects are found.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125769213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and Politico-Institutional Variables Applied to the Analysis of Subnational Public Spending in Argentina","authors":"E. Rezk","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2004451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2004451","url":null,"abstract":"Using a panel data with fixed effect for the period 1993-2004, we aim at ascertaining whether the participation of public expenditure categories in total public spending of Argentine provinces was influenced by economic, fiscal and politico-institutional variables, such as provinces’ political sign; possibility of reelection of the executive branch; provisions limiting public spending, public debt, or restrictions to the use of credit; and the structure of the legislative bodies. While estimated coefficients for fiscal effort, financial sufficiency, and public debt were significantly different from zero, results fell short of being conclusive for the other variables, except for categorical variables standing for limits on spending and credit use.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124001920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Income Distribution and Poverty in the Republic of Haiti","authors":"Evans Jadotte","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3173209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3173209","url":null,"abstract":"After decades of stagnation and economic decline coupled with political upheavals, the Republic of Haiti is today the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere and one of the poorest in the world. The present research reveals that this country is also where income is worst distributed in the most unequal region of the world, viz., Latin America and the Carribbean. We use the 2001 Haiti Living Conditions Survey for distributive analysis and poverty assessment to try to make manifest the potential links between household well-being and individual socio-economic characteristics. One particular finding is that access to land does not help the poor escape poverty. Complementary to the inequality and poverty profiles constructed herein, a relatively new methodology using weighted least squares for complex survey is adopted to additively decompose inequality by multiple factor components. Also, we estimate a polychotomous ordered logic to investigate the risk of being indigent or poor.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121285179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}