ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"¿Qué capacidades requieren las nuevas políticas de innovación y cambio estructural en Uruguay?","authors":"C. Bianchi, Lucía Pittaluga, Guillermo Fuentes","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2956705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2956705","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se analizan tres organizaciones que implementan politicas de desarrollo productivo en Uruguay: la Direccion Nacional de Recursos Naturales Renovables, los consejos sectoriales, y la Agencia Nacional de Investigacion e Innovacion. Los casos seleccionados muestran que durante la ultima decada se realizo un gran esfuerzo por impulsar politicas de desarrollo productivo en Uruguay y formar capacidades para eso. Se aprecia tambien la diversidad de disenos institucionales en las organizaciones que actuan en las politicas de desarrollo productivo en el pais. No obstante, se puede concluir que el proceso de construccion de capacidades no depende del tipo de organizacion sino de otros factores que hacen al ciclo de politica -diseno, implementacion o consolidacion- y a la identificacion mas o menos precisa de la poblacion objetivo de esa politica. Los principales desafios que aparecen para las capacidades estatales en la implementacion de politicas de desarrollo productivo estan asociados a la conformacion de coaliciones que permitan articular mejor la accion publica, principalmente al interior del propio Estado, pero tambien con el sector privado.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115904672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education Quality and Teaching Practices","authors":"M. Bassi, C. Meghir, Ana Reynoso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3403030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3403030","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Improving school quality with limited resources is a key issue of policy. This article uses a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to estimate the effectiveness of guided instruction methods as implemented in under-performing schools in Chile. The intervention improved performance substantially, and equally for boys and girls. However, the effect is mainly accounted for by children from relatively higher-income backgrounds. Basing our study on the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) instrument, we document that the quality of teacher–student interactions is positively correlated with the performance of low-income students; however, the intervention did not affect these interactions. Guided instruction improves outcomes, but the challenge to reach the most deprived children remains.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133026985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy in Small Open Economies: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Keyra Primus","doi":"10.5089/9781475536874.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781475536874.001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relative effectiveness of the use of indirect and direct monetary policy instruments in Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago, by estimating a restricted Vector Autoregressive model with Exogenous Variables (VARX). The study assumes that the central bank conducts monetary policy using a Taylor-type rule and it evaluates the effects of a reserve requirement policy. The results show that although a positive shock to the policy interest rate has a direct effect on commercial banks' interest rates, there is a weak transmission to the real variables. Furthermore, an increase in the required reserve ratio is successful in reducing private sector credit and excess reserves, while at the same time alleviating pressures on the exchange rate. The findings therefore indicate that central banks in small open economies should consider using reserve requirements as a complement to interest rate policy, to achieve their macroeconomic objectives.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131212185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closer Proximity to the Subway Network Implies Lower High School Test Scores: Evidence from a Subway Expansion","authors":"Kenzo Asahi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2830131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2830131","url":null,"abstract":"This paper identifies and quantifies the effects of better transport accessibility on student performance measured by mathematics test scores. A 24 km new subway line and the extension of an existing line in Santiago (Chile) in the mid-2000s reduced the distance between more than half of schools in the city and their nearest subway station. Estimates are derived using instrumental variables and fixed effects models that account for endogeneity in the relation between student performance and school-subway network distance. Substantial closer proximity to the subway network (5 km or more) is associated with lower test scores (11 percentage points of one standard deviation). I find evidence that some mechanisms could be an increase in the student/teacher ratio, an increase in parental hours of work and a worsening in the quality of peers of students in treated schools relative to students in control schools.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124724526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Políticas De Lucha Contra La Pobreza E Inclusión Laboral. Análisis De Experiencias Latinoamericanas En La Evaluación De Las Competencias Transversales (Poverty Alleviation Policies and Labour Inclusion. Analysis of Latin American Experiences in the Evaluation of Transversal Skills)","authors":"Paolo Raciti, Paloma Vivaldi, Giovannina Giuliano","doi":"10.18601/16578651.N18.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.N18.07","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: Este articulo esta estructurado en cuatro partes. La primera, evidencia el valor agregado de las iniciativas de inclusion laboral en el marco de las politicas publicas de lucha contra la pobreza, explica la importancia de las competencias transversales para aumentar las oportunidades de trabajo de la poblacion vulnerable y ofrece una panoramica sobre la reflexion orientada a definir el espacio conceptual para la evaluacion de estas competencias. Seguidamente, se presenta la metodologia utilizada para la construccion de un sistema de evaluacion de competencias transversales experimentado en Colombia en el marco de la segunda fase del Programa eurosocial y realizado por el Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (CISP). En la tercera se analizan los datos de la aplicacion mas reciente del instrumento de evaluacion en Colombia, y en la cuarta parte se comentan los estudios realizados para facilitar la utilizacion del mismo instrumento en Peru. Finalmente, el articulo culmina con algunas reflexiones sobre la potencialidad de las acciones anteriormente descritas para el diseno y la planificacion de politicas de inclusion laboral.English Abstract: This article is structured into five sections. The first one (1) raises the added value of labour inclusion initiatives in the framework of poverty alleviation policies, (2) explains the importance of transversal skills in order to improve job opportunities for vulnerable people, (3) provides a picture to clarify the conceptual space concerning the effort of evaluating transversal skills. The following is the presentation of the methodology for evaluating transversal skills carried out in Colombia under the second phase of the eurosocial Program, realized by the Comitato Internazionale per lo Sviluppo dei Popoli (CISP). The third section analyses the results of the last application of the evaluation questionnaire in Colombia, while the fourth section focus on the results of the studies carried on to facilitate the application of the same tool in Peru. Finally, the essay ends with some reflections on the potential of the actions described above in policy design and planning for labour inclusion.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial De-Dollarization: A Global Perspective and the Peruvian Experience","authors":"Luís A. V. Catão, Marco E. Terrones","doi":"10.5089/9781484341377.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484341377.001","url":null,"abstract":"We re-appraise the cross-country evidence on the dollarization of financial systems in emerging market economies. Amidst striking heterogeneity of patterns across regions, we identify a broad global trend towards financial sector de-dollarization from the early 2000s to the eve of the global financial crisis of 2008–09. Since then, de-dollarization has broadly stalled or even reversed in many economies. Yet a few of them have continued to de-dollarize. This suggests that domestic factors are also important and interact with global factors. To gain insight into such an interaction, we examine the experience of Peru since the early 1990s and find that low global interest rates, low global risk-aversion, and high commodity prices have fostered de-dollarization. Domestic macro-prudential measures that raise the relative cost of domestic dollar loans and the introduction and adherence to inflation targeting have also been key.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114179846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Markets Diffusion Patterns. The Case of Mexican Investment Funds","authors":"Ewa Lechman, Adam Marszk, Harleen Kaur","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2749986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2749986","url":null,"abstract":"Research background: Exchange traded funds (ETFs) are one of the most influential fi-nancial innovations, reshaping the investment funds market in many countries, including Mexico. Due to their similar investment objectives, ETFs are considered substitutes for mutual funds. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to provide an in-depth insight into the issues associated with the development of financial markets in Mexico over the period 2002-2012, putting special emphasis on the development patterns of ETFs. Methods: First we use descriptive statistics to unveil basic changes and trends in the Mexican investment funds (ETFs and mutual funds). Then we use a category of the innovation diffusion models, i.e. logistic growth models, in order to explore the key development pat-terns. Data sources and methodological framework are presented in the second section of the article, with a detailed description of the innovation diffusion models applied in the research (based on 3-parametric logistic curve). The sum of assets under management of ETFs and mutual funds is considered as the size of the total investment funds market. Findings & Value added: Empirical findings indicate a significant development of the ETF market, both in terms of assets under management and market share. According to the pre-sented estimations, Mexican ETF market development can be described with the logistic growth models, and three characteristic phases of the logistic curve were clearly observable. The predicted ETF market development patterns point towards a further increase of the market share of ETFs over the next 3-5 years, yet the probability of exceeding the level of ca. 20-30% seems low.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129020988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Oil Prices on Economic Growth in Latin American Oil Exporting Countries (1990-2014): A Panel Data Analysis","authors":"R. J. Santillán-Salgado, Francisco Venegas-Martínez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2692024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2692024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed at assessing the impact of oil prices on the GDP growth rate of a sample of net oil exporting Latin American countries during the period 1990-2014. The obtained empirical results from pooled regression and panel data analysis allowing for idiosyncratic differences among the observation units (countries) suggests that the relative economic importance of oil exports and crude oil price fluctuations (West Texas Intermediate and Brent) has a positive relationship and a highly significant effect on the levels of economic activity in Latin American countries.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Composição Da Desigualdade No Brasil: Conciliando O Censo 2010 E Os Dados Do Imposto De Renda (The Composition of Inequality in Brazil: Conciliating the 2010 Census and Income Tax Data)","authors":"M. Medeiros, Juliana Galvao, Luísa Nazareno","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2636586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2636586","url":null,"abstract":"Propoe-se uma metodologia para conciliar as distribuicoes de rendimentos de todas as fontes dos individuos adultos do Censo 2010 e da Declaracao do Imposto sobre a Renda da Pessoa Fisica (DIRPF) 2010. Aplica-se a metodologia e decompoe-se a desigualdade entre classes, entre regioes e entre grupos formados por atributos das pessoas. Usam-se rendimentos anualizados e informacao educacional detalhada por area de formacao no curso superior. Os resultados sugerem que a subestimacao da renda nas pesquisas domiciliares leva a subestimacao do papel das elites na desigualdade brasileira. Essas elites contribuem desproporcionalmente para a desigualdade, e as correcoes resultantes da conciliacao aumentam ainda mais essa contribuicao. We propose a methodology to conciliate the distributions of incomes of Census 2010 and of DIRPF 2010 (personal income tax reports). Applying this methodology, we decompose inequality by classes, regions and sex, race and age groups. We use annualized incomes and detailed educational information about university degrees obtained. Our results suggest that the underestimation of incomes in household surveys lead to an underestimation of the role of elites in Brazilian inequality. These elites contribute disproportionally to inequality and the correction resulting from conciliation increase even more this contribution.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133420367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Services to Manufacturing Competitiveness in Brazil","authors":"J. Arbache","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2634434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2634434","url":null,"abstract":"Services are becoming increasingly relevant in economic policy agendas due to their growing importance in explaining the performance of enterprises, the type and form of participation of countries in global value chains, and prospects for sustained growth. New production technologies and production organization, as well as changes in consumption patterns and in the nature of manufactured goods, are bringing industry and services closer together. Empirical evidence suggests that goods and services are merging through an increasingly synergetic and symbiotic relationship to give rise to a third product that is neither a traditional industrial good nor a conventional service. This complementariness between industry and services requires both activities to be competitive for them to benefit from each other.How is the relationship between manufacturing and services in Brazil? Have services contributed to increasing industrial competitiveness? The purpose of this paper is to answer these questions from an international comparative perspective. We found that (1) The share of the service sector in GDP is disproportionately high in Brazil, reaching levels seen only in advanced economies; (2) Services account for a high and growing share of the value added in manufactured goods; (3) Services are of poor quality and prices are high by international standards; (4) Services have contributed little to enhancing industrial competitiveness; (5) The high share of services in industrial value added was led mainly by changes in relative prices; (6) The low competitiveness of services can be partly explained by the sector’s modest labor productivity, high taxation, low competition and low investment; (7) Financial services and industrial and maintenance services provided by third parties account for most industrial spending on services.It seems that integrating services into the core of industrial, technology, trade and investment policies is a key step to enhance industrial competitiveness in Brazil.","PeriodicalId":324969,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Latin America & the Caribbean (Development) (Topic)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134258079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}