Historia i Polityka最新文献_第3页

The Importance of Myths and Legends in Shaping Polish Historical Policy in the 21st Century: Contemporary Determinants 神话和传说在制定 21 世纪波兰历史政策中的重要性：当代决定因素

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2023.017

Andrzej Wojtaszak

引用次数: 0

Postulates and Proposals of Members of the Polish Government-in-Exile for Poland’s Economic Security in the Context of the Reconstruction of the State in 1944–1945: Selected Examples 波兰流亡政府成员在 1944-1945 年国家重建背景下对波兰经济安全的假设和建议：实例选编

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2023.011

Tomasz Landmann, Paweł Olbrycht

引用次数: 0

Development of Air Defence in the United States between 1917 and 1945 1917 年至 1945 年间美国的防空发展

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2023.018

Adam Radomyski

{"title":"Development of Air Defence in the United States between 1917 and 1945","authors":"Adam Radomyski","doi":"10.12775/hip.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of academic research focusing on the origins and development of anti-aircraft artillery in the United States which was to guarantee the safety of American soldiers fighting in the First and Second World Wars. The findings of this study confirm that, in the early days, knowledge of the phenomena occurring in the air dimension of armed struggle was primarily empirical. As early as 1916, Alexander Graham Bell warned of the possibility of air raids on the United States. Over the next 25 years, experts conducted research into air defence, which became crucial in its subsequent development. The basis for the development of air defence was the emergence of a new weapon at the end of the First World War, i.e., anti-aircraft artillery. Basing on the experience of the United States from the First World War in the interwar period, air defence began to be seen in terms of a system whose main task was to detect and destroy enemy aviation, attacking troops, civilians and facilities at the rear of the front. Considering the outlined problem scenario and the subject of the research, it was assumed that the aim of the article will be to discuss the stages of the development of air defence in the United States in the years 1917–1945 and the experience of US anti-aircraft artillery gained on the fronts of the First and Second World Wars.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of the Western and Traditional African Methods of Conflict Resolution on the Example of International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (ICTR) and Gacaca Method in the Context of the 1994 Rwanda Genocide 以卢旺达问题国际刑事法庭（ICTR）和 1994 年卢旺达种族灭绝背景下的加卡卡方法为例，比较解决冲突的西方方法和非洲传统方法

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2023.013

Brian John Chaggu

{"title":"Comparison of the Western and Traditional African Methods of Conflict Resolution on the Example of International Criminal Tribunal of Rwanda (ICTR) and Gacaca Method in the Context of the 1994 Rwanda Genocide","authors":"Brian John Chaggu","doi":"10.12775/hip.2023.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"Local traditions of conflict resolution have been overlooked since the dominant methods of dealing with these issues are often centered on Western approaches to conflict resolution. This highlights the urgent need to prioritize engagement with indigenous knowledge and processes, particularly in conflict resolution and broadening our perspectives. While conflicts continue to rise in Africa(post-independence), we need to revisit the conflict resolution approaches that incorporate local traditions embedded in various African communities. The article highlights African approaches towards conflict resolution in Sub-Saharan Africa, e.g., such methods as Gacaca, in comparison with the Western concepts of conflict resolution. The author’s extensive experience and fascination with African traditions also makes it possible to introduce readers to various issues of peace studies of African origins. The qualitative methods with a reliance on various reports from Western and African peace and security experts as well as subject literature discourses on African indigenous conflict resolution methods have been used for the purposes of the article. The author’s analysis is also based on the interviews. Interviews were conducted to evaluate Gacaca courts and the procedures which included confessions, punishment or forgiveness then followed by reconciliation and integration into the society. The interviews included the victims of the genocide, a retired journalist, a former member of the Rwandan government, and a former employee of a non-governmental organization.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations of Research on Social and Cultural Processes in the Environment of the Titular Nation of the Ukrainian SSR during the 1960s and 1970s 二十世纪六七十年代乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国名义民族环境中的社会和文化进程研究的概念和理论基础

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2023.015

Nadia Kindrachuk

{"title":"Conceptual and Theoretical Foundations of Research on Social and Cultural Processes in the Environment of the Titular Nation of the Ukrainian SSR during the 1960s and 1970s","authors":"Nadia Kindrachuk","doi":"10.12775/hip.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the сonceptual and theoretical foundations of research on social and cultural processes in the environment of the titular nation of the Ukrainian SSR during the 1960s and 1970s. It is characterized by the semantic content of concepts of “titular nation” and “indigenous people” in the Ukrainian SSR, identified primarily with Ukrainians, who were united by a single language, faith, spirituality, national traditions, customs, culture, ethnic origin and ancient residence on the territory of Ukraine, the official name of which was determined by their nationality. The conceptual components of the research are interpretation of the following concepts of: “Ukrainian ethnos”, “Ukrainian ethnic territory” or “Ukrainian ethnic land”, “national majority”, “national minority”, “nation-state”, “nonconformism”, “counterculture”, “sixties”, “dissidence”, “Ukrainian diaspora”, etc. Research of the conceptual and theoretical foundations of the outlined topic makes it possible to resolve controversial issues which have not been adequately covered in historical science, also makes it possible to specify the process of national self-expression of Ukrainians through cultural space, and allows to get new assessments, judgments and conclusions.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Many Narratives or a Single Voice? The Role of Historical Policy in EU–Russia Relations 多种说法还是单一声音？历史政策在欧盟与俄罗斯关系中的作用

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2023.010

K. Marzęda-Młynarska

引用次数: 0

Over Four Centuries of Relations between the Netherlands and Türkiye 荷兰与荷兰400多年的关系

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2022.027

Łukasz Zweiffel, Beata Langer

引用次数: 0

At the Crossroads of Gender, Power and Audiovisual Culture: Female Politicians and Businesswomen as Represented in Polish Cinema after 1989 在性别、权力和视听文化的十字路口：1989年后波兰电影中的女政治家和女商人

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2022.029

Patrycja Chudzicka-Dudzik

{"title":"At the Crossroads of Gender, Power and Audiovisual Culture: Female Politicians and Businesswomen as Represented in Polish Cinema after 1989","authors":"Patrycja Chudzicka-Dudzik","doi":"10.12775/hip.2022.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2022.029","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary discourse on gender equality in the mass media focuses primarily on analysing news programmes, TV series and advertisements. However, films also constitute powerful cultural stimuli, capable of modifying the attitudes and behaviour of both audiences and the society as a whole. The strength and longevity of their impact lie in their deep roots in the culture in which they operate. For cinematic representations of women and men, this process implies the need to constantly refer to a certain stock of conventions, cultural stereotypes and ways of thinking about gender present in the mentality and social structures of a given community. The same applies to images of women in power in film, which on the one hand are determined by cultural patterns attributed to each gender, while on the other they themselves contribute to their perpetuation in the social consciousness, at the same time creating social images of relations between gender and power in political and economic life. The article discusses this phenomenon in relation to selected Polish films after 1989. The paper will analyse how the roles and behavioural patterns attributed to women were (re)defined in the (changing) public sphere and what the position of characters representing these characteristics was in the narrative of the films.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46525391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ukrainian Language in Educational Institutions of the USSR: 1960s–1970s 苏联教育机构中的乌克兰语:1960 - 1970年代

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2022.036

Nadia Kindrachuk

{"title":"Ukrainian Language in Educational Institutions of the USSR: 1960s–1970s","authors":"Nadia Kindrachuk","doi":"10.12775/hip.2022.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2022.036","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the position of the Ukrainian language in educational institutions of the USSR during the 60s and 70s of the twentieth century. It is shown that the Soviet government actively implemented the policy of Russification, the aim of which was the complete destruction of the national-educational space of Ukrainians. Numerous decisions and resolutions of the country’s top party leadership have laid a solid foundation for the introduction of Russian as the language of interethnic communication. In the field of education, the ideologues of communism tried to shift the emphasis from the national characteristics of Ukrainians to the “common” for all – the Soviet ones. Oppression of the native language has caused alarm among the Ukrainian public. Realizing that the Ukrainian language is the basis for the preservation and development of the Ukrainian nation, the Ukrainian intelligentsia led the movement to protect it. Disagreeing with Russification, Ukrainians used all possible forms of protest against it at the time. It came to the formation of open opposition to Khrushchev’s educational reform. Many letters were received by various levels of government, newspapers, and magazines from various publishers, whose authors were concerned about the unequal position of the Russian and Ukrainian languages and expressed their indignation at the functioning of a large number of Russian-language educational institutions. Ukrainians were encouraged to spread the Ukrainian language and take care of its further development, thus seeking to preserve their own national identity. And the Ukrainian language continued to live and develop in the thick of the masses.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44401452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Issue of Military Requisitions in the Parliamentary Debate during the November Uprising of 1830–1831 1830-1831年11月起义期间议会辩论中的军事征用问题

Historia i Polityka Pub Date : 2022-12-07 DOI: 10.12775/hip.2022.035

Marcin Konarski

引用次数: 0