Historia i Polityka最新文献

{"title":"Being a Guest in Your Own Home: Political Situation of South Tyrol and Its Inhabitants in the Years 1918–1945","authors":"Paweł Kaszuba","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"The end of the Great War led to the annexation of German-speaking South Tyrol to Italy. Italian efforts to culturally subordinate its German-speaking inhabitants clashed with their sense of strong regional patriotism. As a result, the population of South Tyrol was subjected to a strong and multidimensional Italianization, especially during the period of Italian fascism and the times immediately before it. Tyroleans had to bear a huge burden on the road to autonomy, still feeling like guests and not hosts in their local homeland. However, even in the reborn democratic state of Italy after World War II, the problems did not go away. The difficult history of interwar years turned out to be the first stage of the struggle for the right to self-determination of the regional community in South Tyrol.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baltic Sea during the Cold War: Polish-Soviet Maritime Cooperation","authors":"Jerzy Będźmirowski, Miłosz Gac, Jakub Kufel","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"The end of hostilities on the European continent brought a hot war to a close but started the Cold War. Differences in the approach to many political and military issues of the future world created a divide among the allies. Each of them wanted to play a dominant role in the new reality. The possession of dreadful new weapons, nuclear weapons, singled out two of the most important “players” in the new world – namely, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. They were quickly identified as “superpowers”. The European continent, battered by World War II, was divided into two almost equal parts (arrangements in Tehran between Great Britain and the USSR, confirmed in Yalta), with the border running through the German territory. The dynamics of political changes in Europe led to the formation of the so-called Treaty of Dunkirk. \u0000At that time the Baltic Sea was the lens in which political and military events on the European continent focused. When the temperature in the East-West relations was rising, conceptual work began on the use of NATO and Warsaw Pact naval forces in the Baltic Sea. That work was subsequently verified during exercises that both sides conducted in this water region. The Baltic Straits were the proverbial “apple of one’s eye” – controlled by NATO naval forces but craved for by the naval forces of the United Baltic Fleet, seeking to take them over. And that was the most important problem of the Cold War: what to do and how to move the naval forces of the United Baltic Fleet to the North Sea. NATO, on the other hand, contemplated what to do and how to prevent that undertaking from happening. The Warsaw Pact’s concepts included the conquest of the Baltic Straits, occupation of the Jutland Peninsula, and launch of sea and land operations in the west direction. It was also assumed that NATO naval forces could carry out operations from the sea to the coast of the Polish People’s Republic and to that of the German Democratic Republic. Therefore, those variants were analyzed and exercised within the United Baltic Fleet and under the so-called combined forces (land and air). \u0000This article has been prepared based on Polish and foreign literature as well as archival materials from the Archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Gdańsk, the Archives of New Records in Warsaw, and the Naval Archives in Gdynia.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"7 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"War in Ukraine and the Sense of Security of Polish Citizens","authors":"Ewelina Kancik-Kołtun","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.011","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the impact of the war in Ukraine on different sectors of Poland’s security and the sense of security of Polish citizens. To allow a broader discussion on the issue, the article starts with a definition of security and how this notion can be divided into different types. This is followed by a brief overview of Poland’s relations with Russia and an analysis of the main security sectors endangered by Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine, i.e., energy, food, and cybersecurity in Poland. Finally, the author examines how secure Polish citizens feel and analyzes the results of social surveys carried out in Poland by the Centre for Public Opinion Research (CBOS).","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"82 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working Class Peripheries or State Bureaucracy Settlements? Case Studies of Social Democratic Parties Electoral Support in Capital Cities of Hungary and Poland","authors":"Rafał Chwedoruk, Bartosz Rydliński","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"The text aims at the electoral strongholds of social democratic parties in the capitals of Poland and Hungary in the 21st century. Despite the similar history and political strategies of the two former communist parties, they were characterized by a different structure of electoral support. In Budapest, the Hungarian Socialist Party achieved its best results in districts traditionally associated with the working class and the social democratic party of the interwar period. In Warsaw, contemporary centre-left had an unhistorical profile, winning votes in districts associated with the post-World War II military and police bureaucracy.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"100 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education in State Archives in Poland (2015–2023)","authors":"Krzysztof Kowalczyk","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.018","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the article is to analyze the forms of activity of state archives in Poland in the field of education and its prospects. Therefore, the statutory tasks and organizational structure of the state archives were defined; the concept and importance of education in the state archives was defined; its forms were discussed; educational activities were presented on the example of the State Archives in Szczecin; the challenges facing education in state archives were outlined. The caesuras of work are marked by the years of rule of the so-called United Right, i.e., the Law and Justice (PiS) and its coalition partners.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between Secularity and Ultra-Orthodoxy: The Cultural Conflict between Hilonim and Haredim and Its Impact on Israel’s Cultural Security","authors":"Piotr Kosiorek, Marcin Szydzisz, Elżbieta Szyszlak","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.013","url":null,"abstract":"This study deals with the dispute between secular Jews (Hilonim) and Orthodox Jews (Haredim) that is taking place in Israel today. Because of its nature – it concerns values, lifestyles, religion, worldview, and identity issues – it can be categorised as a cultural conflict. They represent one of the most significant challenges to cultural security. The case of Israel is no different. This paper looks closely at the determinants of the dispute between Haredim and Hilonim and the critical issues at stake. The discussion is placed in the context of Israel’s major cultural security issues.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"10 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141380627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Social Media Manipulation in Promoting Democratic Decay: The Case of Poland","authors":"A. Kozłowski","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the scope of freedom in political systems has been undergoing considerable erosion. This phenomenon also refers to contemporary democratic systems, including those of long-standing and well-established traditions as well as to those that are often referred to as young transforming democracies. The study is focused on the erosion of democracy observed in the CEE countries based on Visegrad Group (V4) states, with particular consideration of Poland. A relationship between populism and very rapid development of social media is also emphasized, along with its dysfunctional features that are applied to form filter bubbles and social polarisation. The Author points out a correlation that favours restrictions imposed on the freedom of the political system in Poland and the development of right-wing populism with a negative aspect of the functioning of social media.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141381534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Security of the Financial System of Ukraine under Martial Law","authors":"H. Petryshyn","doi":"10.12775/hip.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to present the financial situation in Ukraine and the activities of the National Bank of Ukraine (NBU) for the stability of the financial system during the ongoing war with Russia. The impact of the war on the financial stability of the banking sector is undeniable. The main goal was to analyze and assess the causes of the deteriorating financial situation of the country, the increase in the level of credit risk, the causes of the deterioration of the quality of the loan portfolio, and the increase in the level of non-performing assets in Ukrainian banks. The development of the ratio of assets and liabilities in foreign currencies in Ukrainian banks in the years 2018–2022 was considered. Statistical data published in the reports of the National Bank of Ukraine and the State Statistical Service of Ukraine were used for the analyses and assessments carried out.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"126 s1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Image of Migrants and Refugees in Sweden in 2015 and the Following Years as Emerging from the Opinions of Political Elites and the Media Discourse","authors":"Dariusz Wybranowski","doi":"10.12775/hip.2023.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2023.029","url":null,"abstract":"The basis for the current analysis and the case-study method applied herein is provided by press reports, scholarly articles and books, both in the paper and online forms, containing the positions and statements by politicians from Sweden and elsewhere, the media community, public service officials, as well as average residents of Sweden who had encountered problems that resulted from the 2015 refugee crisis and the uncontrolled influx of migrants and refugees, especially those hailing from the Islamic world. Some of the research questions posed by the author are which Swedish political forces and circles supported this influx and which were against it, and how this was reflected in the political and media discourse. Other research questions concern the attitudes towards refugees and migrants presented by the country’s native residents and by persons of other origins who have lived there for a long time, as well as the factors influencing the media portrayal and the existing evaluation of events, in relation to the escalation of violence that occurred in some Swedish cities in the years 2016 and 2017. This issue is examined through an analysis of various statements made by residents of the Kingdom of Sweden: political figures, scholars, and ordinary people. The closing caesura is the year 2018 and the state of affairs after the parliamentary elections, in which the right-wing Sweden Democrats achieved a significant success. The analysis of the events of 2015–2018 as reflected in the media and political discourse, which is presented in the article, indicates how the massive influx of migrants and refugees has changed the sense of social security of the Swedes and what effects this “clash of civilisations” has already had and may have in the future.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"26 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationalism: A Theoretical Approach","authors":"Selin Çınar","doi":"10.12775/hip.2023.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/hip.2023.036","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of the first research on the definition of nationalism dates back to the 18th century. Thus, the formation of the concept of nationalism was influenced by the Industrial Revolution, and then the concept continued to develop until today. The aim of the article is to explain the basic arguments of modernist nationalism theories and their shortcomings.","PeriodicalId":32494,"journal":{"name":"Historia i Polityka","volume":"67 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}