Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Combat against Neglected Parasitic Diseases in Yemen: The Need for Mapping as a Prerequisite for Elimination","authors":"Rashad Abdul‑Ghani","doi":"10.20428/YJMS.10.1.E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/YJMS.10.1.E","url":null,"abstract":"Besides poverty, war and social unrest, Yemen is afflicted with the majority of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) listed by the World health organization, particularly parasitic ones. Despite the efforts made by some control and elimination programmes, there is a lack of reliable mapping services that could help to identify the top-priority endemic areas and at-risk populations and to monitor the effectiveness of past and ongoing efforts to eliminate parasitic NTDs. Therefore, most of the NTD burden iceberg in Yemen is still submerged and needs to be assessed, mapped and stratified for the implementation of cost-effective elimination interventions. Availability of accessible data on the burden of parasitic diseases as well as mass drug administration in endemic areas is a prerequisite for any successful cost-effective elimination efforts. The establishment of an open-access national NTDs mapping center in Yemen should be considered as a databank for researchers, policy makers and funding bodies.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying Primary Causes of Chronic Renal Failure: A Three-Year Study in Al-Thawra General Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen","authors":"Mogahid Y. Nassar, H. Al-Shamahy, A. Al-Samawi, N. W. A. Asba, I. El-Nono, H. A. Masood","doi":"10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the underlying primary diseases of chronic renal failure (CRF) among patients attending Al-Thawra General Hospital, Sana'a, and Yemen.Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study of 566 patients diagnosed with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). It studied the cases attending Al-Thawra General Hospital over a three‐year period from January 2013 to December 2015.Results: Out of 566 patients, 339 (59.9%) were males. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis of CKD was 39.51 years, most of whom (36.6%) were of the age group of 21–35 years. Hypertension was the most frequent cause (43.2%) of CRF, followed by different infectious diseases such as malaria, schistosomiasis and bacterial infections (19%) and obstructive nephropathy (17.9%). On the other hand, CRF of unknown etiology represented 15.2% of cases. Other causes of CRF diabetic nephropathy (9.7%), effect of antibiotics and analgesics (7.0%), ischemic heart disease (4.8%, polycystic kidney disease (3.5%) and congenital anomalies (3.4%). The least common causes were autoimmune diseases, bleeding, traumatic accidents and chronic diarrhea, being responsible for 2.2%, 1.8%, 0.9% and 0.4% of CRF cases, respectively.Conclusions: The majority of CKD cases in our study were males aged between 21 and 35 years old. In addition, most cases of CKD are due to hypertension, followed by infections and obstructive nephropathy. Application of future prevention and control measures are highly recommended to reduce the burden of CRF in Yemen for early detection and proper management of its underlying primary conditions/diseases.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Hypoglycemic Activity of Boswellia carterii and Cissus rotundifolia in Streptozotocin/Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"A. A. al-Mehdar, Adel M. Al-Battah","doi":"10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the hypoglycemic activity of Boswellia carterii and Cissus rotundifolia in rats compared to that of glibenclamide and metformin as common oral hypoglycemic drugs.Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats, divided into six groups of six rats each, were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg b.w.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg b.w.). The first two groups were normal and diabetic controls, whereas the other four diabetic groups were treated with water extracts of the medicinal plants; B. carterii (100 mg/kg b.w.) and C. rotundifolia (100 mg/kg b.w.), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) and metformin (150 mg/kg b.w.). Body weight and serum glucose were measured on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also measured.Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with the water extracts of B. carterii and C. rotundifolia for four weeks resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in their body weights and a significant decrease in the levels of serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. The effects of the two plant extracts were almost similar to those of glibenclamide and metformin.Conclusion: Water extracts of B. carterii or C. rotundifolia have a hypoglycemic effect resembling those of glibenclamide and metformin, and these findings provide a pharmacological evidence for their anti-diabetic claims in folk medicine.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitudes of Sana'a University Medical Students towards Premarital Screening","authors":"H. Al-Nood, Mohammed M. Al-Akmar, Ekram F. Al-Erynai","doi":"10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A5","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of Sana’a University medical students towards premarital screening (PMS).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, during the academic year 2012/2013. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 516 Yemeni students. The questionnaire was composed of three parts; the first part was about socio-demographic data, the second part was about the students’ knowledge about PMS and the third part was about their attitudes towards the PMS.Results: Most of the respondents (92%) knew that PMS reduces hereditary and sexually-transmitted diseases, believed that it is important to carry out and agreed to do it. Making PMS mandatory and legal prevention of marriage in case of positive results were accepted by 82% and 62% of the respondents, respectively. Conclusions: Although the majority of Sana’a University medical students favored PMS and had a fair knowledge about most of its aspects, a small proportion of them refused its mandating or legally preventing at-risk marriages. These negative attitudes could be reversed by health education of medical students on PMS.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Perceptions of Final-Year Medical Students in Yemeni Universities about Generic Medicines","authors":"G. Othman, M. Abdulghani, Hyam A. AlHyfi, Abdulrazzag Alkhazzan, F. Al-qadasi","doi":"10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A2","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the knowledge and perceptions of final-year medical students in the Yemeni universities about generic medicines.Methods: A two-month cross-sectional survey was conducted among final-year medical students in three Yemeni universities; Sana’a University, University of Science and Technology and Thamar University in 2013.Results: One hundred and sixty-five medical students out of 270 responded to the present study, with a response rate of 61.1%. More than 60% of medical students were not introduced to bioequivalence of generic medicines during their undergraduate study, and 80.0% of them had a low desire to inquire about it during their study. In addition, more than 60.0% of them were unaware of the similarity of generic medicines to their brand equivalents in dosage form and dose. More than three-quarters of the medical students incorrectly perceived that generic medicines are inferior in quality (80.0%), less effective (58.0%) and with more side-effects (47.8%) than their brand equivalents. The medical students in the present disagreed about the need for more information on the safety and efficacy of generic medicines.Conclusions: Yemeni students need to further enhance their awareness and expand their knowledge about the concepts and principles of bioavailability and bioequivalence of generic medicines if they are to contribute appropriately to generic medicine use.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoprotein (a), Lipid Profile and Mean Platelet Volume in Hypothyroid Patients in Sana'a, Yemen: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Salah Adlat, Badria Shamsan, Ekram Al-Eryani","doi":"10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/YJMS.10.1.A1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to measure lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)], lipid profile and mean platelet volume (MPV) in hypothyroid patients compared to healthy controls.Methods: An unmatched case-control study was conducted involving 100 subjects (50 overt hypothyroidism patients and 50 healthy controls admitted to the University of Science and Technology Hospital, Al-Thawra Hospital and Al-Jomhori Hospital- Sana'a, Yemen during the period from May 2013 to March 2014. Data were collected by in-person interview using a structured questionnaire followed by weight and height measurements. Fresh blood samples were collected and analyzed using electrochemiluminescent, spectrophotometric and immunoturbidimetric methods for estimating Lp(a), lipid profile and MPV parameters.Results: Hypothyroid patients had a significantly higher concentration of Lp(a) compared to the control. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were also significantly higher in hypothyroid patients. Serum level of free triiodothyronine (FT3) was negatively correlated with Lp(a), TC and LDL-C (r=–0.380, p=0.007; r=–0.354, p=0.012; r=–0.350, p=0.013, respectively). However, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone was positively correlated with Lp(a), TC and LDL-C (r=0.344, p=0.015; r=0.299, p=0.035; r=0.405, p=0.004, respectively) among hypothyroid patients. MPV levels, on the other hand, showed a strong positive correlation with (r=0.611, p=0.001).Conclusions: These findings indicate that overt hypothyroidism patients tend to have increased Lp(a) and atherogenic lipids that may contribute to increasing risk of atherosclerosis. However, hypothyroid patients showed no significant difference compared to the controls regarding the MPV ","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns of Chest Injuries among Yemeni Patients: a Retrospective Analysis","authors":"Mohammed Aldahmashi","doi":"10.20428/yjms.9.1.a3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/yjms.9.1.a3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the patterns of thoracic injuries and the methods used for their management.Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis of 275 chest trauma cases managed at the University of Science and Technology Hospital over the period 2010–2013.Results: Of 275 consecutive patients with chest trauma, 72.7% were males and 7.27% were females with a mean age of 33.6 years old. Blunt injuries represented 51% (125 males and 15 females) while penetrating injuries represented 49% (130 males and five females) of the cases. Among the penetrating injury group, three patients (1.1%) were with direct sustaining cardiac injuries. The most common presenting features associated with injuries were pain (100%), dyspnea (78.6%) and hemorrhagic shock (17%). Concurrent extrathoracic injuries were found in 22.2% (61/275) of the total chest injuries; spinal cord injuries (3.3%; 9/275), brain injuries (6.2%; 17/275) and intraperitoneal injuries (4.4%; 12/275) and bone fractures (7.3%; 23/275). The first three types of extrathoracic injuries were mostly due to penetrating injuries that necessitated a thoracoabdominal approach or chest tube drainage (CTD) and laparotomy. Computerized tomography scan, chest X-ray, ultrasound and echocardiography were the main diagnostic tools, being used for the diagnosis of 95.27%, 96.72%, 9.73% and 9.33% of cases, respectively. Intercostal tube thoracostomy was required for the management of 96.3% (130/135) of patients with penetrating injuries; early thoracotomy was performed in 25.9% (35/135) of patients to control over bleeding while late thoracotomy was performed in 16.3% (22/135) of patients for removal of retained foreign body and empyema. The CTD was performed in 76.4% (107/140) of patients with blunt injuries, whereas 23.6% (33/140) patients had conservative management and only 2.9% (4/140) of patients underwent thoracotomy. The average hospital length of stay was 6 days for penetrating trauma group and about 7 days for blunt trauma group. Out of all admitted cases, 94.5% (260/275) were cured while 5.5% (15/275) died.Conclusions: It is concluded that CTD is the most appropriate method of treating complicated chest injuries; however, the penetrating trauma has a higher rate of internal damage that requires early intervention to save life, especially for severe or progressive intrathoracic bleeding and cardiac injury. Pulmonary contusion and rib fracture were the most common complications of chest traumas, for which strong painkillers, anti-infective therapy, respiratory care measures and mechanical ventilation are the components of an effective treatment strategy. The associated extrathoracic injuries constitute a major prognostic factor in chest traumas, which were higher in blunt traumas. ","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cervical Spine Gunshot Injury without Bone or Neurological Deficits","authors":"Majed A. Amer","doi":"10.20428/yjms.9.1.cr","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/yjms.9.1.cr","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Missile injuries of the spine has been reported literatures, The neurosurgical concern in such injuries is the degree of damage sustained during the bullet traversing the bony and neural tissue and their effect on long term follow up.PRESENTATIION: This report describes an interesting case of gunshot traversing the cervical vertebral body, the spinal cord and the posterior element without appearance of any bony destruction or neurological deficit.DISCUSSION: The patient was managed conservatively with long term follow up clinically and radiological with excellent recovery.CONCLUSION: Surgery should be served for specific cases according to the severity of the trauma and its effect.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in the Management of Penetrating Cardiac Injuries in Taiz, Yemen","authors":"Abudar Al-Ganadi","doi":"10.20428/yjms.9.1.cs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/yjms.9.1.cs","url":null,"abstract":"Ten patients with penetrating heart injury were admitted to the emergency room (ER) of Yemen International Hospital, Taiz, Yemen in the period 2011–2013. Nine patients were males and one was a female, with mean age of patients was 27.6 years old. All mechanisms of injuries were gunshot wounds except for one, which was a stab wound. Patients were classified into three groups according to their hemodynamic states and consciousness level. The first group includes five patients who were hemodynamically unstable and conscious. These patients were transferred immediately to the operating room. Patients with various heart injuries survived. The second group includes three patients who were in shock with no detectable blood pressure and semiconscious. Because there was no response to resuscitation, they were highly indicated for emergency thoracotomy, which could not be performed due to the presence of their firearms-carrying relatives in the ER. Therefore, these patients died. The third group includes two patients who were hemodynamically stable and conscious. They underwent pericardial window opening. In conclusion, penetrating cardiac injuries seen in our hospital are consistent with the available literature. However, it is believed that country security instability is one of the important factors that affects the management of such cases according to the international guidelines. ","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transesophageal Echocardiograph Findings in Patients with Cardiovascular Disorders at Al-Thawrah General Hospital, Sana’a, Yemen","authors":"Noor-Aldeen Al-Jaber, A. Thabet, M. al-Hakeem, Manae Al-Arashi, A. Sharaf, Essam Al-Safadi","doi":"10.20428/yjms.9.1.a1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20428/yjms.9.1.a1","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives: To determine the frequency distribution of different cardiovascular disorders and to describe their associated morphological abnormalities by transesophageal echocardiography among patients referred to the Transesophageal Echocardiography Laboratory of Al-Thawrah General Hospital, Sana’a, in the period 2009– 2011. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of 856 patients with suspected cardiovascular disorders and referred for transesophageal echocardiography over a two-year period. Data about patients’ sex, their refer- ral site and transesophageal echocardiography findings were collected and analyzed according to the type of cardiovascular disorders, valvular affections and lesions, complications and recommended treatments. Results: Of the 856 patients, 63.4% were females and 36.6% were males. The majority of patients diagnosed by transesophageal echocardiography (82.4%) were referred from outpatient departments. Rheumatic heart dis- ease was the most frequent cardiovascular disorder (87.1%), followed by tricuspid valve lesions (62.8%), of which 54% (329/606) were tricuspid regurgitation and 62.6% (114/182) were aortic valve regurgitation. Re- garding the type of valvular lesions detected, mitral valve disease was the most frequent, being found in 69.2% (214/309) of patients. Regarding the severity of valvular lesions, 73.1% (19/26) of mitral valve stenosis cases were severe while 83.3% (35/62) of aortic stenosis cases were mild. Moderate pulmonary hypertension was seen mostly secondary to rheumatic heart disease. The majority of cardiovascular disorder patients (33.6%; 284/844) were recommended for balloon mitral valvotomy. Mitral valve surgery was the most frequently per- formed surgical intervention for affected valves of patients with cardiovascular disorders; being used for the treatment of 31.4% (80/255) of valvular lesions. Conclusions: Transesophageal echocardiography revealed that rheumatic heart disease is the most frequent cardiovascular disorder among Yemeni patients and poses a major health problem. In addition, a high propor- tion of patients with cardiovascular disorders have valvular lesions of the mild degree that require surgical in- tervention.","PeriodicalId":32479,"journal":{"name":"Yemeni Journal for Medical Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67544430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}