{"title":"MODELACIÓN HIDROGEOLÓGICA EN UN ABANICO ALUVIAL DE COCHABAMBA-BOLIVIA","authors":"Laura A. Rosales, Oliver Saavedra, Waldir Soruco","doi":"10.23881/idupbo.020.1-4i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/idupbo.020.1-4i","url":null,"abstract":"Los indicios de sobreexplotacion de acuiferos en la region del Valle Central de Cochabamba evidencian la necesidad de tener un mejor entendimiento realizando monitoreo de los niveles piezometricos y configurando un modelo hidrogeologico para evaluar el comportamiento de los acuiferos. Alrededor de un 65% de agua para consumo humano para la region metropolitana de Cochabamba proviene de aguas subterraneas. El area de estudio se ubica en la zona de El Paso al noroeste del Valle de Cochabamba, considerada como una de las zonas de mayor importancia para la explotacion de agua subterranea. El area de estudio se ubica dentro un abanico aluvial conformado por cantos rodados, gravas y arenas. El objetivo de este estudio es actualizar y expandir el monitoreo de niveles de una red de pozos en El Paso, como tambien entender mejor el comportamiento del flujo subterraneo usando un modelo hidrogeologico. El modelo fue configurado con el paquete MODFLOW y se realizaron mediciones de niveles para calibracion y validacion de los parametros. La simulacion de los niveles calculados con los observados muestra una raiz media cuadratica (RMS) de 5.69 m. y un coeficiente de correlacion de 0.75. La conductividad hidraulica fue identificada como la mas sensible a los resultados. La modelacion se realizo en estado estacionario presentando una diferencia positiva en el balance de masas que indica un aporte de entrada al sistema de 26 m3. La direccion de flujo es de norte a sur paralelo a la pendiente de la superficie donde la direccion cambia de golpe en algunos puntos debido a la explotacion. Los resultados demuestran que existe un equilibro en el sistema con un pequeno aporte lo que es viable realizar estudios en estado transitorio para identificar los cambios en el balance hidrico. Se ha detectado que no existe sobreexplotacion debido al equilibrio que presenta un estado estacionario.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75859920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ANÁLISIS DE ESTABILIDAD DE TALUDES MEDIANTE EL EMPLEO DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS: UN CASO DE ESTUDIO EN LA PAZ – BOLIVIA","authors":"Daniela Gurruchaga R., Fabiana Viscarra A.","doi":"10.23881/idupbo.020.1-8i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/idupbo.020.1-8i","url":null,"abstract":"The geomechanically analysis of slopes is one important application within the geotechnical engineering scope; this fact comprehends the evaluation of natural or artificial slope stability conditions. Such evaluation process can be optimized by means of modelling combined with engineer criteria. It is important to apply a mathematical model that focuses in the analysis objective and expected results; stress-strain methods allow determining the resistant and deformational parameters in a slope, being capable to reproduce its natural behavior [1]. The present research applies to a specific sector of La Paz city, named Villa Exaltacion. The objective of this study is the performing of slope stability analysis through finite elements, in order to determine the areas that need remediation. The evaluation of stability alternatives it is also included. These alternatives go from simple remediation techniques (unstable material removal, slope undercut, inclination reduction, toe counterweight) to complex stabilization works such as pile curtains. The results reveal that a head slope undercut technique can bring stable conditions and minimal strain generation, being a satisfactory and feasible answer with low complexity works. Finally, verification was performed by means of limit equilibrium analysis. Both methodologies show satisfactory results, demonstrating that numerical methods are more representative and conservative. The calibration process of soil parameters plays a key role for the generation of a reliable model; critical conditions were simulated in order to determine minimal parameters needed for a stable slope.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89808540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESTUDIO PILOTO: IMPORTANCIA DEL LIDERAZGO TRANSFORMACIONAL DEL DIRECTOR EN EL COMPROMISO DEL PROFESORADO Y DE LOS ESTUDIANTES EN UN CENTRO EDUCATIVO","authors":"Natalia Zegarra Saldaña","doi":"10.23881/idupbo.019.2-10e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/idupbo.019.2-10e","url":null,"abstract":"Ante los nuevos retos impuestos por esta nueva era del conocimiento, el liderazgo educativo es percibido como un elemento clave para la mejora educativa. Este constructo se presenta como una meta y un medio para que otros aspectos sucedan. Se reconoce que la responsabilidad por la mejora educativa actual no debe ser una responsabilidad unicamente de los lideres educativos, sino esta tambien debe recaer sobre los hombros de los docentes, quienes deben estar comprometidos con el cambio. La relacion entre estas variables incidiria en el compromiso del estudiante con la escuela, y en el logro de mejores resultados academicos y de comportamiento. El trabajo examina el efecto de las practicas del liderazgo transformacional sobre las condiciones organizacionales, el compromiso de los profesores por el cambio y el compromiso de los estudiantes con el colegio. Este trabajo se realizo a partir de la combinacion y adaptacion de dos estudios realizados anteriormente, el primero en Canada y el segundo en Hong Kong. Para establecer la relacion entre las variables de estudio y determinar el efecto sobre el compromiso de los estudiantes, se realizo una encuesta piloto en un colegio privado de Cochabamba, Bolivia. Los datos permitieron explorar los efectos relativos de las practicas del liderazgo transformacional sobre las variables seleccionadas, mismas que incluyeron las siguientes variables mediadoras: cultura del colegio, estrategias para el cambio, estructura del colegio y el entorno del colegio. Los resultados indican que existe una relacion entre liderazgo transformacional y el compromiso del profesor por el cambio, asi como con el compromiso de los estudiantes.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86344805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabiana Cañipa, F. Arnez, O. Ormachea, A. Villazón, Armando Rivero, G. Dozio, E. Escobar
{"title":"SRESLi: SMART RENEWABLE ENERGY STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM","authors":"Fabiana Cañipa, F. Arnez, O. Ormachea, A. Villazón, Armando Rivero, G. Dozio, E. Escobar","doi":"10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-1I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-1I","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional street lighting systems do not allow controlling the light intensity depending on the traffic of pedestrians or vehicles, only operate in two automatic modes (on/off) according to the availability of daylight and consume enormous amounts of electric energy. In this article, we describe the design, development and implementation of a new intelligent street lighting system that is based on LED technology, an energy-efficient embedded wireless control device (hardware) designed from scratch, and photovoltaic solar energy. The embedded device includes specialized firmware and an energy-efficient wireless communication protocol, that allows to form a network of infrared sensors to detect pedestrians and vehicles, so as to control and dim the LED luminaires. We implemented a pilot system in a back road of the campus of Universidad Privada Boliviana, in the city of Cochabamba, Bolivia, where energy consumption measurements confirm energy savings of 72.8% thanks to the developed intelligent control system.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"58 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77568371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A SCREENING FOR ANTIOXIDANT SPECIES WITH PHOTO-PROTECTOR ACTIVITIES AT THE ZONGO VALLEY (BOLIVIA)","authors":"Sandra L. Ibáñez-Calero, Kelly E. Loayza Afonso","doi":"10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-2I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-2I","url":null,"abstract":"Eleven plants were collected at the Zongo Valley to evaluate their antioxidant and photo-protector properties. In this paper we report a strong correlation between high antioxidant activity and strong UV-A and/or UV-B absorptions. The most active species, tested at 10µg/ml with the DPPH assay, were Fuchsia boliviana (leaves), Baccharis pentlandii (flowers), Rubus floribundus (fruits), Fuchsia boliviana (flowers and fruits) and Brachyotum microdon (flowers). All the mentioned species have important UV- B and/or UV-A absorptions. This DPPH/UV technique could be used to preliminary screen vegetable samples and to select those with DPPH values above 83% and strong UV-A and/or UV-B absorptions. The chosen samples can then be evaluated with other more expensive in vitro assay (TEAC, ABTS or FRAP) to finally confirm their activities with the in vivo test. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the antioxidant properties of Distichia muscoides , Souroubea fragilis , Brachyotum microdon , Monnina bridgesii , Baccharis pentlandii , Thibaudia crenulata , Siphocampylus tupaeformis , Cobaea scandens , Fuchsia boliviana and Rubus floribundus are reported. In addition, this is the first time that Siphocampylus tupaeformis and Thibaudia crenulata are presented in a publication as well as the study of their photo-protector and antioxidant properties.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76780081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"REVISIÓN Y ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO SOBRE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE LA TELEVISIÓN DIGITAL TERRESTRE EN BOLIVIA","authors":"G. Siles, A. Laguna","doi":"10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-8I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-8I","url":null,"abstract":"El presente articulo se centra en revisar la situacion de la implementacion de la TDT en Bolivia, previa al Apagon Analogico, cuya postergacion ha sido recientemente anunciada. Desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar, se realizo un analisis critico de algunos aspectos, centrados en el caso boliviano, como: los criterios para la adopcion del estandar ISDB-Tb, la interactividad, la multiprogramacion y el modelos de negocio, los decodificadores, las tecnologias alternativas de acceso a television, y las politicas de gobierno. Concluimos planteando una serie de preguntas que aportan al debate sobre este nuevo sistema en Bolivia, y dejando en claro que se requieren otras miradas, no solo una meramente tecnica centrada en las mejoras que puede proponer una nueva tecnologia, sino otras que ofrezcan respuestas al sector audiovisual y, en general, a la poblacion ante este nuevo reto.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85453862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DESIGNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF A DYNAMIC VIBRATION BALANCING MACHINE FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS","authors":"Swith Claude Burgos Alconz, V. G. Zurita","doi":"10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-5I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-5I","url":null,"abstract":"There is a steadily growing demand for reliable, versatile measurement rotor balancing system which can be used to determine the machine unbalances behavior. The effect of these causes are the increase of vibration amplitudes, causing damage to elements of the machines, mainly in the bearings, reduce useful life time, and increase fatigue failure in machines. The industry requires that machines have to operate continuously, efficient maintenance philosophy, and reduce down time. Therefore, this research work has the main objective to design and develop a low cost rotor balancing measurement system for industrial applications. This research study was based on the ISO 1940-1 standard. The Solidworks software was used for the designing, structural stress, and modal analysis. It was also carried out and extensive numerical analysis with Finite Element Method (FEM), of the developed measurement system, in order to identify the structure resonance frequencies to avoid with the induction motor rotation frequency. For the simplicity, precision and robustness, the single plane four runs method for rotor balancing was selected. Finally, it was developed a rotor balancing measurement system. It showed the ability, and potential to use the developed equipment in industrial environment. Moreover, it has been shown that the measurement and the applied analysis method have worked accurate for unbalance detection and reduction of vibration levels from G13 to G2.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91331087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ESPECTROSCOPIA RAMAN DE COSTO REDUCIDO PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LÍQUIDOS TRANSPARENTES","authors":"O. Urquidi","doi":"10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-6I","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23881/IDUPBO.019.1-6I","url":null,"abstract":"El trabajo presenta el desarrollo de un sistema de espectroscopia Raman de costo reducido (menor a 1000 USD), destinando a la deteccion de liquidos transparentes no identificables por metodos colorimetricos. Dadas las necesidades (en Bolivia) de control y fiscalizacion de compuestos quimicos en productos locales e importados, el desarrollo de sistemas espectroscopicos moleculares se perfila como una solucion accesible. El sistema desarrollado se baso en un espectrometro clasico modificado, con una resolucion de 2 nm y un ancho espectral de 200 nm. Para la generacion de la dispersion Raman se uso un diodo laser de 405 nm y 5mW acoplado a un recipiente transparente y una lente auxiliar para la proyeccion de la luz sobre el plano de entrada. Como detector se uso una camara CCD con refrigeracion termoelectrica, cuyas imagenes se integraron verticalmente para la obtencion de los espectros. Como parte de las pruebas de validacion, se obtuvieron espectros Raman de agua, etanol y acetato de etilo. Asi mismo, se obtuvo el espectro de una mezcla de etanol y agua. En todos los casos se observo coincidencia entre los espectros obtenidos y los de referencia, validando su correcta deteccion. Como punto de mejora, se identifico la adicion de filtros de corte especificos para mejorar el contraste y la resolucion del sistema. Dados estos resultados, el sistema mostro un gran potencial como una herramienta analitica de bajo costo para compuestos moleculares.","PeriodicalId":32397,"journal":{"name":"Investigacion Desarrollo","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90720965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}