Plant Health Cases最新文献

{"title":"Implementation of Fall Armyworm Management Plan in Ghana","authors":"F. Williams, Anne van Marwijk, H. Rware, G. Essegbey, Patrick Besah, Solomon Duah, Walter Hevi, N. Karbo, W. Quaye, J. Watiti","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest, was confirmed in Ghana in 2016. As a result, a group of stakeholders developed a national FAW management plan. This case considers a review of the management plan conducted through outcome harvesting, a Sprockler (story-based) inquiry, and interviews with key informants.\u0000 The review found evidence of stakeholder collaboration, increased public awareness of FAW and management practices, and more coordinated research into low-risk management options. It also found that the formal taskforce structure, common goals and ownership, effective collaboration and communication, and a commitment to implementing the action plan by all actors were the key factors in the FAW response. Challenges included a slow initial response, inadequate funds, and limitations in the agricultural extension system. Key steps to ensure future preparedness include implementation of the National Invasive Species Strategy and Action Plan (NISSAP), establishment of a standing taskforce and emergency fund to address new pest outbreaks, improved monitoring and surveillance especially at borders and ports of entry, strengthened research capacity, especially in pest risk analyses, involvement of all stakeholders at central and local levels, and development of generic and specific emergency response guidelines for future outbreaks.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © CAB International 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114308425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Biopesticides for Managing Fall Armyworm\u0000 (Spodoptera frugiperda)\u0000 in Africa","authors":"M. Bateman, R. Day, I. Rwomushana, S. Subramanian, Kenneth Wilson, D. Babendreier, B. Luke, Steve Edgington","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the last 6 years, the fall armyworm (FAW) has spread to the Middle East, Asia and the Pacific, as well as most nations in Africa. This case focuses on sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 300 million people depend on maize, as a staple crop, and the preferred host plant of FAW. Synthetic pesticides against FAW are not always used safely or effectively. Here we assess work on the current state of knowledge on biopesticides for FAW in Africa, document information gaps, including compatibility with other recommended management practices, and list biopesticides that are a priority for research, development and promotion.\u0000 \u0000 The case incorporates two earlier assessments, one from 2018 on the status of biopesticide options against FAW, and one from 2020 that led to recommendations for field trials for eight active ingredients –\u0000 Bacillus thuringiensis\u0000 subsp.\u0000 kurstaki\u0000 ,\u0000 Beauveria bassiana\u0000 ,\u0000 Dysphania ambrosioides\u0000 , ethyl palmitate, eugenol, garlic extract,\u0000 Metarhizium anisopliae\u0000 and\u0000 Steinernema\u0000 spp. Field trials for some of these pesticides have now been carried out but other trials are still ongoing. The team also recommended bioassays to determine the effectiveness of four active ingredients against FAW – GS-omega/kappa-Hx-tx-Hv1a, canola oil, capsaicin and D-limonene.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © CAB International 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114662420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alfalfa Weevil: A Challenging Insect Pest of Forage Alfalfa in the Western United States","authors":"E. Rodbell, K. Wanner","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Alfalfa weevil,\u0000 Hypera postica\u0000 Gyllenhal, native to Eurasia, is an invasive insect pest of alfalfa in North America. Alfalfa weevil causes economic damage in the central and western regions of the United States and is a minor pest of alfalfa in the north-eastern region of the country. This pest species is currently managed through biological (e.g., introduced parasitoid wasps), mechanical (e.g., harvesting one week early), cultural (e.g., maintaining a healthy alfalfa stand), and chemical (e.g., insecticide applications) control tactics. However, over the last half-century, there has been an overreliance on chemical control tactics, primarily pyrethroids (Mode of Action group (MoA) 3A), resulting in resistance developing within localized populations. Pyrethroid resistance can be addressed by following well-established integrated resistance management (IRM) and integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, that could lead to long-term sustainable management of this pest species. This case study provides diverse recommendations that can be utilized to help reduce reliance on chemical control tactics. Furthermore, new research endeavors that may provide improved IRM and IPM recommendations for this pest species are presented.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Authors 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126003709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fusarium Head Blight of Hemp in the US: A Familiar Foe Finds a New Target","authors":"Henry S. Smith","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Fusarium head blight (FHB) has been a major threat to wheat and cereal production for at least a century. In 2019, FHB was first identified on hemp, with increasing reports in the years following. Hemp can be produced for fiber, grain, or medicinal compounds, and FHB presents a threat to all forms of production and the emerging US market. Traditionally FHB in cereals is managed largely by conventional fungicide use and genetically resistant cultivars. However, neither of these options are available for hemp, and management can be difficult. Ongoing research is focused on understanding the basics of the FHB-hemp pathosystem, including describing the disease cycle, identifying the period(s) of susceptibility, and exploring the impact of hemp in common grain crop rotations.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Author 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129951608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies for the Biological Control of\u0000 Parthenium hysterophorus\u0000 L. in Eastern Pakistan","authors":"Abdul Rehman, Liz Kalaugher","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The arrival of the invasive agricultural weed parthenium,\u0000 Parthenium hysterophorus\u0000 , in Pakistan was first noted in the Gujrat district of the Punjab Province in 1980. The plant has now spread further in the Punjab Province as well as into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) and Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The heartlands of parthenium infestation are in the central and northern districts of Punjab, the ICT and KP, and the weed is moving into the southern parts of Punjab and north-eastern KP. Given parthenium’s highly invasive nature, it is likely that it has already spread into the southern parts of Punjab, especially as the area is home to extensive irrigated farming, and it is possible that the plant has even reached Sind and Baluchistan provinces in the south and south-west of Pakistan. To date, two biological control agents for parthenium have reached Pakistan without being introduced deliberately, most likely arriving from India or Nepal:\u0000 Zygogramma bicolorata\u0000 – the Mexican or parthenium leaf beetle – and\u0000 Puccinia abrupta partheniicola\u0000 , or winter rust.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This case study assesses the effectiveness of these existing biological control agents in Pakistan, the potential of redistribution projects to increase their impact and whether artificially inducing\u0000 Z. bicolorata\u0000 to emerge from diapause early could further stem parthenium growth in spring. The second part of the case describes the importation of the stem-boring weevil\u0000 Listronotus setosipennis\u0000 into a quarantine facility for host range testing. The plan is to boost Pakistan’s biological control programme by releasing the weevil in areas where parthenium occurs. Finally, the case also recommends additional biological control agents and strategies for the future.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Pakistan: Status quo and future prospects'. Management of Biological Invasions (2021), Volume 12, Issue 3: pages 509-526. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the\u0000 Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © CAB International 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114312918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements, Challenges, and Future Perspective in Managing the Hessian Fly,\u0000 Mayetiola destructor\u0000 , in the USA","authors":"Ming-shun Chen, Xuming Liu","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The Hessian fly,\u0000 Mayetiola destructor\u0000 (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an insect pest that causes serious damage and yield loss to wheat (\u0000 Triticum aestivum\u0000 L. (Family:\u0000 Poaceae\u0000 )) and barley (\u0000 Hordeum vulgare\u0000 ) in the USA as well as other wheat-growing countries in the world. Hessian fly is thought to be originated in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East, from where it has spread to major wheat- and barley-producing countries including Europe, the USA, West Asia, and North Africa. In the USA, outbreaks of Hessian fly result in ~5% yield losses each year and with reduced grain quality from fly-damaged plants. Through continuous research and development, various controlling measures for integrated pest management against the Hessian fly pest have been developed. This case report summarizes the achievements in controlling this insect pest in the past century and new challenges arising due to changes in climate, cultural practices, and farming objectives.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Authors 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122941553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits and Perspectives of Adopting Soybean-IPM: The Success of a Brazilian Programme","authors":"Adeney Freitas Bueno, Y. Colmenárez, R. Carnevalli, W. P. Sutil","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Soybean,\u0000 Glycine\u0000 max (Fabaceae), is considered one of the world’s most important crops. Planted on millions of hectares worldwide, the management of soybean pests usually requires large amounts of chemicals. Currently, integrated pest management (IPM) is one way to protect crops through the integration of different pest control tools based on plant tolerance, adoption of economic thresholds (ETs), scouting procedures, use of selective insecticides, biological control, and other sustainable pest management tools, which helps to maintain environmental quality in an ecological and economical manner. This soybean-IPM case study in Brazil is an example of how it is possible to manage soybean fields sustainably, preserving or even increasing productivity and reducing production costs, consequently, maximizing profits. In this case, we discuss the advantages and benefits as well as possible challenges for soybean-IPM adoption. We provide examples of how to reinforce the importance of IPM by focusing on experiences from Brazil, one of the major soybean producers and exporters in the world. We analyse IPM case studies to illustrate the importance for farmers to have easy and fast access to information on medium- and long-term benefits of IPM. Overall, this case highlights both the successful achievements of the Parana State in Brazil and how important IPM is for soybean sustainability.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Authors 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125934714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosing Causes of Pine Forest Decline: The Cases of a Production Forest and a Protected Area","authors":"C. Pimentel, T. Calvão","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The pine wood nematode (PWN)\u0000 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus\u0000 is maybe the most consequential invasive pine pathogen in Eurasia, causing the pine wilt disease (PWD). It was introduced in Portugal (and in Europe) in 1999, leading to the enforcement of strict regulations attempting to control its dispersion. However, the system put in place to deal with this epidemic does not account with other factors affecting pine forest health and decline and gets easily overwhelmed by natural disturbances in ecosystem dynamics, such as severe drought and forest megafires. It also fails to consider diverse local contexts, such as nature preserves, ownership and liability. Presented here are the cases of a protected and a production forest, discussing the different causes of forest decline and their different management strategies according to the objectives of the stakeholders, in a region under quarantine since the introduction of the PWN in the country.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 © The Authors 2023\u0000","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121548942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee Leaf Rust: Wreaking Havoc in Coffee Production Areas Across the Tropics","authors":"Athina Koutouleas","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coffee ( Coffea spp.) originates from the tropical montane rainforest understorey. In this shaded environment, the coffee plant has co-evolved with a wide array of pests and diseases. The fungal pathogen Hemileia vastatrix is the most notorious of all known coffee plant diseases. With a rich history rooted in colonial trade and power struggles, H. vastatrix has had its lion’s share of research and scrutiny by the plant pathology community. Though this disease was discovered more than 150 years ago, many unknowns concerning its spread and persistence across the tropics still exist today. Despite its relevance to coffee production, there is little global data that synthesizes the impact of this disease on coffee yield and plant health. Best practices for control of coffee leaf rust are contentious. Genetic resistance has been breaking down in cultivars across the coffee belt over the past decade. How can farmers best control outbreaks of the disease? Are these practices at odds with new trends and challenges in coffee farming (e.g. organic, biodiversity-friendly, agroforestry etc.). What are the future prospects of our global coffee supply under pressure from this rampant disease? All these questions are examined in this case study using pertinent literature sources and supplemented by coffee farmers or extension service providers in Latin America and Africa. Information © The Author 2023 Cover photo courtesy of the author.","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Citrus Huanglongbing (Greening) Disease","authors":"Eric Boa","doi":"10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/planthealthcases.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Huanglongbing disease (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, is the most important and damaging disease of citrus fruits worldwide. The disease is caused by three closely related bacteria belonging to the genus Candidatus Liberibacter . The bacteria are spread over short distances by sucking insects known as psyllids and by the movement of infected (yet often undetected) planting material between countries and continents. Citrus is a general category of fruits which includes oranges, lemons, grapefruits and tangerines. All types are susceptible to infection and researchers have yet to develop resistant or tolerant varieties. The leading growers of citrus fruits are China, Brazil and India, which collectively produced 75 million tonnes in 2021. All three are affected by the disease; in total around 65 countries have confirmed the disease. HLB is not present in Europe, where Spain and Italy are leading citrus producers. Climate change poses a significant threat to the expansion of the disease. The arrival of HLB in the USA in the early 2000s, at around the same time as Brazil, marked a significant stage in the continuing battle to manage the disease. The USA is a major producer of citrus fruits, which was primarily from Florida before the arrival of HLB. Research efforts were intensified and over $100 million was allocated in the USA from 2007 to 2016 to develop effective ways to reduce damaging losses. Despite major advances in knowledge of the pathogen and insect vector, and how they interact with citrus hosts, it is clear that much more needs to be done to achieve long-lasting success in managing a challenging disease. Information © The Author 2023","PeriodicalId":323431,"journal":{"name":"Plant Health Cases","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135222427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}