Achievements, Challenges, and Future Perspective in Managing the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor , in the USA

The Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is an insect pest that causes serious damage and yield loss to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. (Family: Poaceae )) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare ) in the USA as well as other wheat-growing countries in the world. Hessian fly is thought to be originated in the Fertile Crescent region of the Middle East, from where it has spread to major wheat- and barley-producing countries including Europe, the USA, West Asia, and North Africa. In the USA, outbreaks of Hessian fly result in ~5% yield losses each year and with reduced grain quality from fly-damaged plants. Through continuous research and development, various controlling measures for integrated pest management against the Hessian fly pest have been developed. This case report summarizes the achievements in controlling this insect pest in the past century and new challenges arising due to changes in climate, cultural practices, and farming objectives. © The Authors 2023