Mande Studies最新文献

{"title":"« Vérité et Justice ! » : Commémoration collective et mobilisation sociale au Burkina Faso","authors":"Sten Hagberg","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00006","url":null,"abstract":"RESUME:Cet article analyse les manifestations qui ont lieu le 13 décembre de chaque année au Burkina Faso en commémoration de l’assassinat en 1998 du journaliste Norbert Zongo et de trois de ses compagnons. La mobilisation suite à l’assassinat s’est transformée en mouvement intitulé « vérité et justice » qui a joué un rôle majeur pour la gauche burkinabè, malgré les tentatives d’étouffer l’affaire par le pouvoir de Blaise Compaoré. Le 13 décembre est devenu une fête alternative à la fête nationale du 11 décembre. Après l’insurrection de 2014 qui mit fin au règne du Président Blaise Compaoré, la lutte contre l’impunité a développé une nouvelle dynamique en fusionnant avec des mouvements qui luttent pour des changements sociopolitiques plus larges. L’observation participante des commémorations et des manifestations, conduite par l’auteur, apporte une analyse pour comprendre la reconfiguration de la gauche burkinabè à Ouagadougou depuis 2014. La commémoration de Norbert Zongo révèle des clivages importants au sein de la gauche, entre les anciens révolutionnaires (« les rouges ») et les jeunes de la société civile (« les insurgés »), même si, depuis quelques années, une convergence s’est formée contre l’impérialisme en général, et plus particulièrement contre la politique française.ABSTRACT:This article analyzes the demonstrations taking place on December 13 each year in Burkina Faso to commemorate the 1998 assassination of Journalist Norbert Zongo and three of his companions. At the time, the mobilization following the assassination transformed into a movement entitled “truth and justice” which played a major role for the Burkinabe leftist movement, despite attempts to cover up the affair by the regime of President Blaise Compaoré. Over the years, 13 December has become an alternative holiday to the national independence day of 11 December. After the 2014 insurrection that ended the reign of Compaoré, the fight against impunity developed a new dynamic by merging with movements fighting for broader socio-political changes. The author conducted participant observation of commemorations and manifestations that offers an analysis that aims to understand the reconfiguration of the Burkinabe leftist movements in Ouagadougou since 2014. The commemoration of Norbert Zongo reveals significant divisions within the left, between the old revolutionaries (“the reds”) and the young people from civil society (“the insurgents”), even if, in recent years, a convergence has formed against imperialism in general, and more particularly against French politics.","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 23","pages":"103 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction by the Editor-In-Chief","authors":"Rosa de Jorio","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 36","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jeliya at the Crossroads: Learning African Wisdom through an Embodied Practice by Lisa Feder (review)","authors":"Bruce Whitehouse","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 4","pages":"169 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction de la rédactrice en chef","authors":"Rosa de Jorio","doi":"10.2979/mnd.2023.a929540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.2023.a929540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":"16 S2","pages":"5 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141375501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdiction de l’exploitation d’or par drague : Une politique publique à l’épreuve des pratiques clandestines par temps de crise","authors":"N’gna Traoré, B. Koné, O. Sidibé, S. Camara","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00007","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Sur la partie supérieure du fleuve Niger, dans le cercle de Kangaba réputé riche en or, l’orpaillage alluvionnaire informel « par drague » implique divers acteurs : les Somono, maîtres et usagers habituels de l’eau, les forgerons, les propriétaires fonciers, les pouvoirs communaux, les agents des services techniques, les orpailleurs immigrés, ainsi que des personnes déplacées venues des zones de conflit du Mali. Cependant, face aux effets environnementaux négatifs du dragage, des politiques règlementaires adoptées en 2019 ont interdit l’exploitation de l’or par drague, mais sans succès. Cet article analyse les enjeux économiques et sociaux des dragues en contexte de crise sécuritaire ainsi que les pratiques inégalitaires dans l’application de l’interdiction qui motivent le contournement et légitiment la persévérance de la pratique.ABSTRACT:In the upper reaches of the River Niger, particularly in the gold-rich circle of Kangaba, informal alluvial gold panning by dredging involves a variety of stakeholders: the Somono, the traditional masters and users of the water, blacksmiths, landowners, local authorities, technical service agents, and immigrant gold miners, particularly internally displaced persons from conflict zones. However, in view of the adverse environmental effects of dredging, regulatory policies adopted in 2019 have unsuccessfully banned gold mining by dredging in Mali. This article analyzes the economic and social stakes of dredging, as well as the inequalities in the application of the ban that motivate circumvention and legitimize the persistence of the practice.","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 42","pages":"105 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le Sahel (en)quête de changement : Des citoyens qui font face aux crises","authors":"Sten Hagberg, L. Kibora","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 45","pages":"18 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insécurité dans la région du Sahel : Analyse des perceptions des populations sur l’émergence du phénomène dans la ville de Djibo au Burkina Faso","authors":"Sidi Barry","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00003","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Cet article analyse la problématique de la crise sécuritaire au Burkina Faso à partir des perceptions des populations de la ville de Djibo. Depuis 2016, Djibo est considéré comme l’épicentre de cette crise avec les actions armées revendiquées par le groupe terroriste Ansarul Islam du prédicateur radical Malam Ibrahim Dicko. L’article trace les principales raisons de l’émergence de l’insécurité dans la ville de Djibo à travers les perceptions des acteurs au niveau local. Nous démontrons que l’origine de cette crise sécuritaire est liée à l’instrumentalisation des clivages sociaux et religieux, et à une crise de gouvernance qui se manifeste notamment par les hiérarchies et inégalités sociales productrices de frustrations, le sentiment de l’absence de l’État et la difficile collaboration entre les populations et certaines forces de défense et de sécurité.ABSTRACT:This article examines the security crisis in Burkina Faso through the perceptions of people in the town of Djibo. Since 2016, Djibo has been an epicenter of this crisis amid acts of armed violence claimed by terrorist group Ansarul Islam, led by radical preacher Malam Ibrahim Dicko. The article considers the primary reasons behind the rise of insecurity in the town of Djibo through the lens of local actors. It demonstrates that the origin of the security crisis is linked to the exploitation of social and religious cleavages, and to a governance crisis stemming from frustration over social hierarchies and inequalities, the sentiment of state absence, and the problematic relationship between local populations and elements of the government security forces.","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 14","pages":"19 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Une anthropologie au service de la nation : un exemple burkinabé","authors":"L. Kibora","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00009","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:La problématique de l’engagement du chercheur est un sujet souvent évoqué par les anthropologues et les chercheurs de disciplines voisines, car elle est généralement confrontée à une pratique de terrain. Cet article porte sur une autre forme d’engagement, celle en tant que citoyen au profit de la nation. Cette contribution vise, à travers l’analyse d’une expérience vécue, à montrer comment le chercheur réoriente ses propres interrogations sur les transformations sociales, tout en étant l’objet de sollicitations afin de contribuer à l’élaboration de documents de politiques publiques au profit de l’Etat. Il s’agit de décrire la participation d’un anthropologue volontairement engagé au service de la nation en contexte de crise sécuritaire et d’en analyser les enseignements qui en découlent.ABSTRACT:The problem of researcher commitment is a subject often raised by anthropologists and researchers from neighboring disciplines, generally with regard to with field practice. This article is about another form of engagement: that as a citizen for the benefit of the nation. This article aims, through the analysis of a lived experience, to show how the researcher reorients his own questions on social transformations, while being the subject of requests in order to contribute to the development of public policy documents for the benefit of the state. It is a question of describing the participation of an anthropologist voluntarily engaged in the service of the nation in the context of a security crisis and analyzing the lessons that result from it.","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 15","pages":"147 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pratiques culturelles et rituelles par temps de crise sécuritaire : la pêche collective de Markala, Mali","authors":"B. Coulibaly","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00008","url":null,"abstract":"RESUME:Veine nourricière du Mali, et de nombreux autres pays d’Afrique, le fleuve Niger, qui traverse le territoire du Mali sur une distance de 1700 km, constitue un réservoir naturel et culturel d’une valeur exceptionnelle. Depuis 2012, l’insécurité a perturbé les activités et les pratiques des communautés liées au fleuve, dont la pêche collective, qui ont survécu mais dans des conditions instables. L’article analyse les mécanismes et les conditions d’organisation de la pêche collective dans la localité de Markala sur le fleuve Niger dans la nouvelle situation de crise sécuritaire. À Markala, les « gens de l’eau » (les Bozo et les Somono) jouent un rôle de premier plan dans l’organisation de cet évènement qui crée un espace de réjouissance collective et de cohésion sociale. Depuis la réforme de la décentralisation de 1999, l’organisation des pêches collectives sur le fleuve Niger est devenue un champ politique pour les acteurs locaux aux intérêts parfois contradictoires. Plus récemment, avec l’insécurité, la pêche collective se déroule dans des conditions de plus en plus difficiles qui entrainent une forte implication des forces de sécurité.ABSTRACT:The nourishing vein of Mali as well as numerous other African countries, the Niger River, which spans 1700 km across Mali’s territory, constitutes a natural and cultural reservoir of exceptional value. Since 2012, insecurity has disrupted the activities and practices of communities linked to the river, including collective fishing, which has endured but under unstable conditions. This article analyses the mechanisms and organising conditions of collective fishing in the locality of Markala along the Niger River in the new security crisis. In Markala the “people of the water” (the Bozo and the Somono) play a leading role in organizing this event, creating a space for collective celebration and social cohesion. Since the decentralisation reform of 1999, the organisation of collective fishing on the Niger River has become a political arena for local actors with sometimes conflicting interests. More recently, with the insecurity, collective fishing takes place under increasingly challenging conditions, leading to a significant involvement of security forces.","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 67","pages":"129 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141374571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’incantation Allahu akbar : Enjeux socio-politiques et religieux dans un contexte d’insécurité au Burkina Faso","authors":"B. Koné","doi":"10.2979/mnd.00004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/mnd.00004","url":null,"abstract":"RÉSUMÉ:Allahu akbar, « Allah est grand » ou « Allah est le plus grand », est une expression arabe à l’origine ordinaire, entendue quotidiennement, surtout dans des localités où se trouvent les mosquées qui l’utilisent pour annoncer les cinq prières journalières recommandées en islam. Lorsque les groupes armées terroristes prononcent ces mots, ils sont considérés comme un « cri de guerre ». Allahu akbar a pris une connotation négative à cause de son utilisation dans des situations d’une extrême violence, en particulier dans les attaques dites terroristes causant des tueries individuelles ou de masse.Cet article est inspiré d’une étude de cas de l’attaque armée contre la gendarmerie de Samorogouan au Burkina Faso en 2015, une attaque non revendiquée par aucun groupe armé. A partir d’une recherche essentiellement qualitative, l’objectif de cet article est de comprendre les changements socio- politiques, sécuritaires et religieux liés à l’incantation de Allahu akbar lors d’une attaque armée.ABSTRACT:Allahu akbar—“Allah is great” or “Allah is greatest”—is an Arabic expression of plain origin, heard daily, especially in localities where mosques use it to announce each daily Islamic prayer. When armed terrorist groups utter these words, they are considered a “war cry”. Allahu akbar has taken on a negative connotation due to its use in situations of extreme violence, particularly in so-called terrorist attacks causing individual or mass killings.This article is inspired by a case study of the armed attack on the Samorogouan gendarmerie in Burkina Faso in 2015, an attack not claimed by any armed group. Based on essentially qualitative research, the aim of this article is to understand the socio-political, security-related and religious changes associated with the incantation of Allahu Akbar during an armed attack.","PeriodicalId":322036,"journal":{"name":"Mande Studies","volume":" 18","pages":"39 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141373861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}