{"title":"Transforming between logic locking and IC camouflaging","authors":"Muhammad Yasin, O. Sinanoglu","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396725","url":null,"abstract":"The globalization of IC design has resulted in security vulnerabilities and trust issues such as piracy, overbuilding, reverse engineering and Hardware Trojans. Logic locking and IC camouflaging are two techniques that help thwart piracy and reverse engineering attacks by making modifications at the netlist level and the layout level, respectively. In this paper, we analyze the similarities and differences among logic locking and IC camouflaging. We p resent methods to transformation camouflaged netlist to its security-equivalent logic locked netlist and vice versa. The proposed transformations enable the switch from one defense technique to the other, and assess and compare the effectiveness of the two techniques using the same set of analysis algorithms and tools.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131086524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guiding intelligent testbench automation using data mining and formal methods","authors":"Eman El Mandouh, A. Wassal","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396737","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving coverage closure is consistently identified as one of the most difficult challenges during the functional verification of today's HW designs. Constraint random testing as well as coverage directed test generation (CDTG) techniques have been proposed previously with different degree of success. This paper presents a framework for speeding up the coverage closure of the design under verifications (DUV) using state of the art verification techniques. The framework starts with random simulation of the DUV followed by frequent pattern mining of simulation data to extract some valid design constraints. Simulation coverage database is analyzed and the coverage holes are identified and directed to the formal verification step, formal analysis is used to prove the unreachability of some coverage holes during simulation run. Formally proven unreachable cover items as well as automatically extracted design constraints are then fed as test template specification to direct the intelligent testbench generation to rapidly achieve the coverage of previously uncovered corner cases. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in closing the coverage loop for a set of today's RTL designs.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125910632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability degradation in the scope of aging — From physical to system level","authors":"H. Amrouch, J. Henkel","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396727","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in technology have paved the way for making embedded on-chip systems ubiquitous in our daily life. Unfortunately, compared to previous generations, the current nano-CMOS era introduces reliability challenges at an increased pace. As a matter of fact, technology scaling is reaching its limits where certain aspects endanger the correct functionality of hardware/software on-chip systems. They have been enumerated by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Of these aspects, aging effects are at the forefront and thus there is an indispensable need to increase the reliability of on-chip systems with respect to them. Despite the fact that aging effects originate from the physical level, they are spatially and temporally driven by the running workloads at the system level. Importantly, aging effects may propagate through different levels, from the physical all the way up to the system level, to ultimately have a deleterious impact there and degrade the reliability of the entire system. Therefore, investigating the aging-induced reliability degradations from the physical level to system level is inevitable.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"1139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125274042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiple fault testing in systems-on-chip with high-level decision diagrams","authors":"R. Ubar, S. Oyeniran, Mario Schölzel, H. Vierhaus","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396738","url":null,"abstract":"A new method of high level test generation based on the concept of test groups to prove the correctness of a part of system functionality is proposed. High-level faults of any multiplicity are assumed to be present in the system, however, there will be no need to enumerate them. Unlike the known approaches, we do not target the faults as test objectives. The goal of using the test groups is to extend step by step the fault-free core of the system by exploiting the knowledge about already successfully tested parts of the system. In case when the proof fails, fault diagnosis will follow. To cope with the complexity of multiple fault masking mechanisms, high-level decision diagrams (HLDD) are used. The proposed method can be regarded as a generalization of the logic level test pair approach for identifying fault-free wires in gate-level networks. Preliminary experimental results, and a discussion of the complexity of the method is presented.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125423875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheng Qian, Libo Huang, Peng Xie, Nong Xiao, Zhiying Wang
{"title":"Efficient data management on 3D stacked memory for big data applications","authors":"Cheng Qian, Libo Huang, Peng Xie, Nong Xiao, Zhiying Wang","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396741","url":null,"abstract":"Big data processing has been an increasingly important field which has attracted a lot of attention from academia and industry. However, it worsens the memory wall problem for processor design, which means a large performance gap between processor computation and memory access. The 3D stacked memory structure has been put forward as a promising method to relieve this problem. As non-volatile memory(NVM) become available and common nowadays, they can be fused into the 3D memory structure to provide a fast and large memory. DRAM + NVM have been designed as a novel, faster and larger memory structure. Flash is the maturest NVM material currently so that flash takes the role of NVM in our experiment. However, as DRAM has totally different characteristics from Flash, such combined structure shows bad support for big data applications. Thus, efficient data manage strategies are greatly needed. We implemented two data manage strategies(granularity strategy (GS) and Read/Write partition strategy (RWPS)) to improve performance. Our experiment results are very positive. When using 64 channels, GS can improve performance by 11.3%, and the RWPS can improve performance by 20.4%. Combined the two strategies together, the performance can be increased by 26.1%. In addition, for RWPS, it can obviously increase the write performance by 29.8% because of its novel design.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nejib Mediouni, Samir Ben Abid, O. Kallel, S. Hasnaoui
{"title":"High level NoC modeling using discrete event simulation","authors":"Nejib Mediouni, Samir Ben Abid, O. Kallel, S. Hasnaoui","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396752","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and evaluating a Network on Chip (NoC) for a specific application is usually a complex task that requires the collaboration of both hardware and software specialists. Predicting the performance of the devised architecture and solution is both difficult in nature and time consuming. In this paper we present a high level model for five-port router based NoCs using Matlab's SimEvents toolbox. The presented model is used to construct a 4 × 4 mesh NoC and evaluated the usual performance metrics like latency and throughput.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"95 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130944451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Makni, M. Baklouti, S. Niar, M. Biglari-Abhari, M. Abid
{"title":"Heterogeneous multi-core architecture for a 4G communication in high-speed railway","authors":"M. Makni, M. Baklouti, S. Niar, M. Biglari-Abhari, M. Abid","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396731","url":null,"abstract":"The fast development of high-speed railway (HSR), as a high-mobility intelligent transportation system (ITS), and the growing demand of broadband services for HSR users, introduce new challenges to wireless communication systems. 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard has been widely used to satisfy the HSR communication system needs. The key part of 4G LTE standard is the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. In order to achieve a reliable communication and meet the demands of high performance processing and low energy consumption of HSR, we propose a flexible heterogeneous multi-core architecture for embedded LTE MIMO-OFDM system using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). In this paper, different multi-core configurations of the LTE MIMO-OFDM are explored and their performances are evaluated on the Xilinx Zynq FPGA platform. The consumed area, power, and execution times of the different configurations are analyzed and compared in order to propose the most efficient architecture for this application.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126895928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An automatic ECG generator for testing and evaluating ECG sensor algorithms","authors":"H. A. Hamadi, A. Gawanmeh, M. Al-Qutayri","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396740","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biomedical sensors, be it attached or embedded inside a human body, to monitor various physiological parameters is increasing at a significant rate due to continued advances in miniaturizations and materials. Testing and verification of the algorithms used in processing the physiological parameters of concern is essential, given the sensitivity of their usage. Simulation is a technique that is widely used to achieve this. However, proper test cases are required in order to carry out the simulation process. ElectroCardioGram (ECG) is one of the most commonly used and studied physiological signal, yet, algorithms that handle ECG recorded data are not being tested and verified thoroughly due to the lack of proper test cases. This paper presents an automatic test case generation algorithm that can be used to provide ECG records for testing purposes. The algorithm is based on a range of the parameters related ECG components such as amplitude, duration, slope, and physical characteristics. Hence, the required shape of the ECG can be controlled in order to be able to cover a wide range of scenarios during testing. We provide an implementation of the algorithm and illustrate it on two different ECG sensor algorithms.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125688126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing of 3D IC with minimum power using genetic algorithm","authors":"Tanusree Kaibartta, D. K. Das","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396746","url":null,"abstract":"System-on-a-chip (SOC) uses embedded cores those require a test access architecture called Test Access Mechanism (TAM) to access the cores for the purpose of testing. Optimization of TAM and test time at SOC level is an important area of research. However, the interconnect between the cores of SOC contribute to circuit delay and power consumption. Power and thermal issues are major concern, specially during testing the design under test (DUT) consumes significantly more power in test mode than in normal operation. To reduce the interconnect 3D IC is a solution where multiple device layers are stacked together. The problem of high test power consumption can be solved by the use of power aware test planning in 3D IC. In this paper, we have addressed the problem and proposed genetic algorithm based approach for power aware test planning. Given a TAM width available to test a SOC, our algorithm partitions this width into different groups and places the cores of these groups in different layers in core based SOCs based on 3D IC technology with the goal to optimize the total test time under certain power limit. In addition to this our technique also takes into account minimum power during testing, where the goal is to optimize the total test time with minimum power. The experimental results establish the effectiveness of our algorithm.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128997277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chip-level programming of heterogeneous multiprocessors","authors":"Mwaffaq Otoom, J. M. Paul","doi":"10.1109/IDT.2015.7396730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IDT.2015.7396730","url":null,"abstract":"Chip Heterogeneous Multiprocessors (CHMs) are increasingly emerging as a means to optimize energy and performance over a wide spectrum of application programs. However, unlike traditional processors no programming model has been developed for CHMs. This paper proposes a set of programming primitives and benchmarking strategies for CHMs. We demonstrate our proposal by showing how architects can evaluate and program chip level behavior directly and not simply rely upon traditional one size fits all schedulers. We evaluate a chip level program in terms of triggering frequency and global control state primitives for several benchmark usage patterns. Our cell phone example shows performance improvement over a baseline design by an average of 57%. System response time is improved by as much as 35%, compared to a traditional dynamic scheduler with 22% energy savings.","PeriodicalId":321810,"journal":{"name":"2015 10th International Design & Test Symposium (IDT)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115193351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}