Linnaeus Eco-Tech最新文献

{"title":"Measuring of oxygen mass-transfer through the gas-liquid interface","authors":"E. Mölder, Aleksei Mashirin, T. Tenno","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.045","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, oxygen mass-transfer processes through the liquid-air interface fromgas mixture with variable volume at constant pressure were investigated. This paperdescribes a device based on the electrochemical oxygen sensor placed on the liquid-airsurface. The oxygen sensor measured the decrease of oxygen concentration in the smallvolume under the device, that is in contact with deoxygenated liquid. Experimental dataobtained by the device were introduced to a novel mathematical model, which allowedcalculating diffusion flow through the liquid-air interface and diffusional conductivity P/1of liquid surface.By means of the developed device it is possible to measure the total impediment of theair-water interface to oxygen mass-transfer.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124884686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy metals partition between leachate and solids in the course of municipal sewage treatment","authors":"H. Obarska-Pempkowiak, Wieslaw Butajlo, J. Pempkowiak","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.044","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of heavy metals contents (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd) were carried out in liquid and solid fractions of sewage and sewage sludge after stabilization as well as dewatering. Investigation was carried out in municipal WWTP ,,Wschod\" in Gdansk. The flow of sewage was equal to 88 000 m3 /d. The treatment consists of two stages: the first stage - mechanical (4screens, 2 sandtraps, 4 primary sedimentation tanks) and the second stage - advanced biological MUCT system (6 reactors - each incorporating the following chambers: dephosphatation, pre-denitrification, denitrification and nitrification followed by 2 secondary sedimentation tanks) modified by introduction of an additional chamber which secures dioxidation of sewage recirculated between nitrification and denitrification chambers. Sewage sludge (primary and secondary) is stabilized by fermentation. The last step of sludge utilization is mechanical dewatering. Samples of sewage were collected at the following points of the WWTP: at the beginning - raw sewage, mechanically treated sewage and biologically treated sewage. Samples of reject waters after thickening and after mechanical dewatering of sludge were collected too. The following types of sewage sludge were investigated: primary, secondary, thickened (on the Klein press), digested and mechanically dewatered (Noxon centrifuges). In the sampling points samples were collected twice per month during the 6 months period in the years 2000-2001. Inflowing sewage carried the following loads of heavy metals: Zn - 27.2 kg/d, Cu - 5.4 kg/d, Pb - 1.3 kg/d and Cd - 0.4 kg/d.  Basing on balances of heavy metals loads it was proved that 87.0% Zn and 83.0% Cu were kept in sludge. Among analysed sewage sludge samples, the highest contents of heavy metals was found in sludge after mechanical dewatering and in the mixture of primary and secondary sludge (Zn - 780.4 mg/kg d.m., Cu - 144.6 mg/kg d.m., Pb - 5.4 mg/kg d.m. and Cd - 2.4 mg/kg d.m. The contents of heavy metals in examined sludge were compared with Polish admissible loads of metals applied with sludge to soil fertilization. Basing on the findings, admissible loads of sewage sludge to agricultural land were not exceeded.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115733835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling point and non-point nutrient fluxes in river systems of lake Peipsi drainage basi","authors":"K. Piirimäe","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.047","url":null,"abstract":"N and P compounds work as key elements causing bioproduction and eutrophication inwater bodies of the Baltic Sea region, A large-scale dynamic GIS-embedded PolFlowmodel considers all point and diffuse emission sources in a river basin simulating alsotransport and retention of nutrients in time steps of five years, This modeling approachwas originally developed for simulating past and present nutrient loads for the Rhine andElbe rivers. In addition, a statistical model MESAW was employed for nutrient sourceapportionment and emission estimations. This paper analysis the modeling results in LakePeipsi basin, shared by Estonia, Russia and Latvia, for long-term trends since 1985 till1999. Results of modeling, as well as monitoring data indicate quite stable long-term Pload while agricultural N load has decreased significantly in connection with dramaticchanges in agricultural structures. That, in turn, has lead to sharp decrease ofN/P ratio inriverine runoff while in lakes (L Peipsi, L Vortsjii.rv) and coastal seas, NIP ratio hasdropped below 10. These changes, enhancing cyanobacterial blooms, have significantlyworsened the ecological state of these water bodies, in the conditions of decreasedemissions. The paper concludes that wastewater treatment should focus on better removalofphosphorus.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130063155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal changes of contamination removal in constructed wetlands systems","authors":"M. Gajewska, P. Kowalik, H. Obarska-Pempkowiak","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.039","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was carried out at two different hybrid constructed wetlands, whichtreated municipal sewage after mechanical treatment from small villages in PomeranianRegion, In all facilities first step of biological treatment were horizontal flow beds, Themain difference concerns configuration of the facilities and sewage distributions systemsinto vertical flow beds, The measurement period was divided into vegetation (from Aprilto October) and outside vegetation seasons (from November to March) for all analysedfacilities.The results allowed for estimation of efficiency removal of different contaminations inboth measurements seasons. Comparison of the amount of sewage and loads ofcontamination inflowing and outflowing from the facilities are presented. Achievedresults make it possible to estimate the rate of organic matter decomposition and nitrogenremoval in vegetation and outside vegetation seasons.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125086842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulphide formation in sewage pipes and influence of H2S to aerobic activated sludge microorganisms","authors":"K. Kärmas, T. Tenno, K. Hellat","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.041","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this work is to research the sulphide formation process in pressure pipesand how the sulphur rich wastewater influences treatment process in Kohtla-Jiirvewastewater treatment plant (WWTP),In this work the ISO 8192 standard test has been used to estimate the inhibition of oxygendemand of activated sludge microorganisms in different sulphide concentrations and pHvalues, Two wastewaters has been investigated - leachate from coke- and ash hills andwastewater from inflow ofKohtla-Jii.rve WWTP,The leachate from coke- and ash hills, rich of sulphates and sulphides, with high pHvalues from l O+ 12, did not cause significant inhibition of oxygen demand of activatedsludge microorganisms, After the leachate has been mixed with other sulphate andsulphide rich wastewaters with lower pH values, the mixed wastewater inhibits theoxygen demand of microorganisms in activated sludge process. One of the reasons is theincreased sulphide concentration but the essential factor is also decreasing of pH.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132938037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of high-strength liquid wastes by auto-thermal aerobic digestion","authors":"P. Randerson, T. P. Higgins, B. Dancer","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.040","url":null,"abstract":"Auto-thermal aerobic digesters comprise a simple, robust, inexpensive technologyappropriate for on-site liquid waste treatment by small- and medium-sized enterprises.They have been shown to be effective at treating a wide range of effluents and liquorsarising from food processing and chemical plants, especially those with high levels ofbiological oxygen demand (BOD), or for small-scale sewage treatment.Liquid circulates around the reactor vessel by pumping through a venturi nozzle, whichdraws air into the flow. As the microbial community develops, the system self-heats andorganic matter is removed as CO2, NH3 and water. The temperature of the insulatedvessel may rise to 55e°C or more as the thermophilic community becomes established.BOD levels typically reduce by 90% over a 3-5 day residence time. Auto-thermal aerobicdigestion (ATAD) acts faster than mesophilic or anerobic degradation and is veryresistant to organic toxins (pentachlorophenol) or metal pollutants (Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2J inthe waste.Examples are shown of wastes and liquors successfully treated by pilot-scale ATADsystems up to I 000 litres in size. These include effluents from food processing (icecream, chocolate, egg pasteurisation, brewing), chemical plants (wood processing,phenolic liquor) and silage pit effluent.Auto-thermal aerobic digestion offers a versatile, cost-effective solution for liquid wastetreatment in a climate of increasing demands from Regulatory Authorities and increasingcosts of conventional off-site waste disposal such as sewerage or landfill charges.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of leachate flow conditions on the duration of the aftercare period","authors":"J. Fellner, G. Döberl, P. Brunner","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.035","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental impacts of deposited MSW are mainly associated with the emissionsof leachate and biogas. While biogas emissions will become negligible within decades,leachate emissions will stay on an environmental incompatible level for hundreds ofyears, calculated under simplified assumptions. The generation of leachate from MSWlandfills is determined by the waste input, the climatic conditions and the landfillconstruction and operation. In this paper the impacts of different construction (landfillcover) and operation strategies (recirculation or flushing) on the duration of landfillaftercare (in particular leachate treatment) are evaluated. Therefore a mathematical waterflow and solute transport model which has been successfully calibrated at full scalelandfills is used. The results indicate that the stabilization process of MSW landfills ismostly determined by the internal flow conditions and that operation strategies have lessimpact. Only the warranty of \"homogeneous\" water flow allows sufficient operation ofstrategies for accelerated stabilization ofMSW landfills.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126771500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Good experiences from reuse of municipal wastewater, sludge and diverted human urine in willow biomass plantations results from a 4-year multidisciplinary field project in Sweden, France, Northern Ireland and Greece","authors":"Arne Backlund","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.038","url":null,"abstract":"This article is based on the report \"Short-rotation Willow Biomass Plantations Irrigatedand Fertilised with Wastewaters\" (I) and summarises results and experiences gatheredfrom field trials with recycling of pre-treated wastewater and diverted human urine mixedwith water within plantations of willow species specifically selected for biomassproduction, Experimental sites were established in Sweden (Roma), France (Orchies),Northern Ireland (Culmore) and Greece (Larissa). Denmark was represented in theproject by A & B BACKLUND ApS with Ame Backlund as a member of theManagement Committee and as a project manager of the field trials with diverted humanurine in Sweden. The research project was carried out as a co-operation betweenuniversities, institutions and private consultants from five countries during a 4-yearperiod with financial support from the EU FAIR Programme and national funding.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"54 32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116613901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impacts of landfill covering by use of industrial by-products","authors":"L. Westholm, Frida Veibäck","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.036","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of an EC-directive on stronger demands on covering and lining oflandfills, the Swedish Parliament has adopted new legislation on waste deposition.Within a near future, a large number of landfills in Sweden have to be closed down due tothese stronger demands. Covering of landfills has traditionally been carried out with tillas covering material. The use of till causes depletion of a natural resource and in addition,high costs for transportation might arise. Alternative materials have thus been sought for.Two potential materials are sludge and ash. Their behaviour with regard to leaching is notvery well known and the focus of this work is to further investigate this issue. A pilotscale area on a closed-down part of the Gryta landfill site in Viistenis, Sweden; was partlycovered with composted sewage sludge mixed with mineral soil, partly with ash. The aimwas to find out whether the leachate from the covered areas had to be subject for furthertreatment before being discharged into the recipient. The leachate was analysed fornitrogen and phosphorus. The results from the first three months of the experimentshowed high concentrations of both nitrogen and phosphorus in the leachate, probablydue to a washing effect. It is expected that the nutrient concentrations will decrease in thefuture when the content of nutrients in the covering materials have been washed out andwhen vegetation has been established. Further investigations of the leachate will confirmthis. Based on these findings and the fact that the materials fulfil other requirements forcovering materials, it was concluded that both sludges and ashes could be regarded assuitable materials for a sustainable landfill covering. Further investigations on the subjectare however suggested.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128820737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first step in evaluating removal of organic compounds in treatment plants for municipal leachate","authors":"L. Thörneby","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.033","url":null,"abstract":"When looking for an adequate treatment method for landfill leachate it is important to find a balance between policies and investments. It is possible to remove all pollutant from water if enough money is put in the project and all known treatment methods are applied on a particular water. However, this is not a cost-effective way to go. It is better first, discover what kind of pollutants could be found and had to be removed (this may seem obvious, but we have, until recently, not known enough about organic compounds in leachate to fully assess the problem); second, examine the costs of achieving those goals (here is problems as we, so far, know very little about removal of specific organic compounds in different treatment system); and third, look for the most cost-effective treatment method/methods. It is important that at least the first two steps is fulfilled otherwise there is a risk that investments are made which later on tum out not to have solved the real problem. Thus, money may be spent to reduce one pollutant, when in fact most of the serious pollutants is transported unaffected through the treatment plant. This paper deal with the first step \"What is to find in MSW leachate?\"","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126641599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}