Good experiences from reuse of municipal wastewater, sludge and diverted human urine in willow biomass plantations results from a 4-year multidisciplinary field project in Sweden, France, Northern Ireland and Greece

Abstract

This article is based on the report "Short-rotation Willow Biomass Plantations Irrigatedand Fertilised with Wastewaters" (I) and summarises results and experiences gatheredfrom field trials with recycling of pre-treated wastewater and diverted human urine mixedwith water within plantations of willow species specifically selected for biomassproduction, Experimental sites were established in Sweden (Roma), France (Orchies),Northern Ireland (Culmore) and Greece (Larissa). Denmark was represented in theproject by A & B BACKLUND ApS with Ame Backlund as a member of theManagement Committee and as a project manager of the field trials with diverted humanurine in Sweden. The research project was carried out as a co-operation betweenuniversities, institutions and private consultants from five countries during a 4-yearperiod with financial support from the EU FAIR Programme and national funding.