Linnaeus Eco-Tech最新文献

{"title":"Environmental impact assessment of leachate from elv storage place at the design stage","authors":"A. M. Soboleva, V. Rud, M. Fedorov","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.058","url":null,"abstract":"There is the acute problem of growth of motor vehicles reached the end of their usefullives in Saint-Petersburg [1]. One of the possible ways for solving this problem it isestablishment of a recycling system for \"end-of-life-vehicles\" (ELV's), includingcollection system and the creation of a storage places. Storage places are intermediatelinks in recycling system of ELV's. Necessity of creation of storage places is connectedwith absence of possibility of city authorities takes away ELV thrown their owners on thestreet earlier than one year will up. Now it is difficult to tell exactly where storage placeswill be situated within the precincts of a town or in the country. At the designing ofstorage places it is necessary to carry out the environmental impact assessment (EIA).Appearance of the given task is connected with potential leakage of car operating fluidsfrom ELV units at the collection and the storage process. This leakage is being mixedwith surface water and it cause soil and water pollution [2]. The problem ofleachate fromstorage place is significant ifit has wide spread.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123425062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional aspects of solid waste treatment in Russia","authors":"V. Chekalin, E. Tarasenko, V. Zakrzhevsky","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.057","url":null,"abstract":"Now reduced share of industrial waste in comparison with the 80s is obvious in Russia Simultaneously, share ofmunicipal waste increases. A rather high part of industrial waste is used for recycling, but in the same time recycling for municipal waste is seldom. A few wastes are used for energy production. It concerns both municipal and wooden waste. The only one exception is pulp and paper mills. The most part of municipal waste is disposed in landfills and dumps including illegal ones. Waste treatment plants including incineration ones are only in several big cities (Moscow, St Petersburg, Samara). These plants are based on rather old technologies, as a rule. The main reason of such situation is absence at national and regional levels of a necessary legislation base that stimulates more effective waste treatment in Russia. In particularly, there is no a well-developed policy in renewable energy resources. Too low prices for gas are also prevention for introducing waste in energy production. Administrative decisions without economic measures are the most common method of management. It needs to use methods of project management in this sphere. There is a serious problem of absence of qualified experts. Thus it is necessary educational and training programs that include all topics of solid waste treatment. For this purpose it should be better to cooperate with the EU countries. It will give possibility to use European experience for Russia. Besides it can give possibility to use Russian technological inventions for other countries. It needs to develop a legislative initiative for separate collection of waste. Legislation that should stimulate private business activity in solid waste treatment is necessary also. It is desirably to make correction of Russian rules in waste treatment for more harmonization with rules of the EU. Now the amount and a variety of solid wastes in Russian cities and settlements is promptly growing. In spite of the fact that the amount of industrial waste in comparison with the 80's has considerably decreased, there is an appreciable increase of the amount of municipal waste. It is necessary to mean, that the significant part of industrial waste is exposed to processing, first recycling (metals, pulp-and-paper production, glass, plastics). In the same time recycling for municipal waste is developed rather poor. This situation is caused by several factors: After the beginning of market reforms in Russia the sector of trade in which modem methods of good packing began to develop very fast. It has resulted in the sharp increase of wastes, containing paper, plastic, cardboard, and glass. In the Soviet period circulation of glass packing (bottles, cans) was rather good due to a well-developed enough infrastructure and used methods of economic incentives for circulation (first on the base of a high mortgaging price). Thus the significant part of returned packing intended for a reuse. For example, glass bottles for milk were used o","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of intact cells of activated sludge by electroconductivity","authors":"Nadezhda P. Sargaeva, P. M. Sargaev","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.055","url":null,"abstract":"Electrophysical properties of activated sludge cells researches present the theoreticalinterest and practical applications in biological waste water treatment.The method of differential measurements of biological cells suspensionelectroconductivity during sedimentation process in modified environment wasdeveloped. Using this method, we can determine concentration of intact cells andaccordingly monitor the process of water treatment.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132524142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landfill construction in Russian federation: a study for location and financial design","authors":"M. Belova, Irina O. Churkina","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.056","url":null,"abstract":"The represented paper describes an original scenario for the landfill construction including the process of decision making upon its location and economic aspects. The landfill should become a solution for the number of environmental problems as it will result: • land remediation; • the cut up in amount of illegal dump areas in the region; • in the future-creation of a waste sorting plant on the recultivated land; • other improvements. In the paper the process of decision making upon the location includes three stages and is based on expert analysis of the alternatives using six main criteria. The stages are the following: collection and organizing of the data; development of recommendations; the decision upon the location itself and its fulfillment. The mathematic model is worked out for all the stages which makes it to a certain extend an universal solution. The study of the economic aspects of the landfill construction is also provided in the paper. It includes analysis of the investment's effectiveness based on certain indexes such as: • financial effectiveness; • state budget effectiveness; • social effectiveness; • environmental effectiveness;  • other. In this part again the original formulas are used for calculation and providing the data for decision making upon the investment needed.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122048351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and physiological characterisation of phenol- and p-cresol-degrading bacteria selected for bioaugmentation in oil- and phenol-polluted area","authors":"M. Merimaa, E. Heinaru, Merit Lehiste, S. Viggor, A. Heinaru","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.053","url":null,"abstract":"Successful bioaugmentation requires that bacterial strains introduced into the polluted area must be able to adapt to new environmental conditions and retain high enough catabolic activity. The strains should degrade pollutant present at high concentrations, while having high affinity for the pollutants for their thorough degradation. The transfer of genetic information from introduced donor strain to indigenous bacterial population increases the biodegradation potential. As laboratory-selected strains can be poor survivors and lose catabolic activity in mixed microbial ecosystems, the indigenous biodegradative strains isolated from the river water continuously polluted with phenolic compounds of oil shale leachate may serve as inoculants for bioaugmentation. We have shown that the native phenol- and p-cresol-degrading community could be grouped according to the presence of catabolic genes involved in catabolism of aromatic compounds. The selected representative strains of different catabolic types of degradation of phenol and p-cresol were identified as Pseudomonas mendocina (strain PCl) and P. jluorescens (strains PC! 8, PC24). Catabolic potential of these strains was studied on the basis of phenol hydroxylase, p-cresol methylhydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes. The occurrence and conjugation of plasmid DNA were revealed in these strains. The ability of the selected strains to degrade several phenolic compounds in natural phenolic wastewater in which the compounds were present in multicomponent mixtures, was investigated through laboratory microcosm studies, To elucidate the extent of interactions among the used bacterial strains single and mixed cultures were set up. The biodegradation activity of strains in microcosms was examined through viable counts, consumption of phenolic compounds and detecting the presence of catabolic genes by hybridization, During the experiments (30 days) the introduced bacteria remained viable even when the substrates were depleted. The mixture of strains was more effective in the decomposition of phenolic compounds from the natural wastewater as compared with the single culture conditions and the metabolic activity and cell density of each strain were co-ordinated within a specific time scale. The behaviour of strains in the phenolic leachate depended on the growth kinetics of the strains (K,,µ).","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129591151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaerobic mesophilic digestion of sludge with extra-thermophilic and high ph pre-treatment","authors":"A. Menert, E. Rikmann, M. Michelis, Tarmo Vaalu, Viktoria Blonskaja, R. Vilu","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.054","url":null,"abstract":"In this study different methods of sludge pre-treatment with elevated temperatures andpH have been selected for investigation. Five sets of sludge samples were pretreated asfollows: heating at 70°C for 30 min, at 80°C for 20 min, at 90°C for 10 min, at 100°C forWWTP5 min and NaOH-treatment (pH 12 for 4 hours). For comparison a sample from Tallinn(3:1 mixture of primary (dry solids 5.2%) and activated sludge (dry solids 0.5%))was used. Extra-thermophilic pre-treatment increased the degree of hydrolyses of sludge,enabling the following anaerobic digestion process to proceed faster than that of rawsludge. However, extra-thermophilic pre-treatment was insufficient for removal ofnitrogen and phosphorous. Nitrogen can be easily solubilized during extra-thermophilicpre-treatment but solubilization of phosphorous occurs only through digestion. Theproduction of biogas during anaerobic digestion was also dependant on the quality of theinput of pre-treated sludge. The highest cumulative volume of biogas (124 mUg CODadded) was achieved by pre-treatment at 80°C. The percentage of mineralization of pretreated sludges on mesophilic digestion was the highest with 90°C sample - 65.9%.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126538944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leachate composition and environmental risks from waste wood dumps.","authors":"Kadri Auväärt, Urmas Uri, P. Muiste","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.051","url":null,"abstract":"High concentrations of phenols can be found in leachate and stormwater of woodprocessing, storage and disposal sites. Although timber is a natural product, mishandlingof wood waste may harm the environment.As a common practice, wood residues were dumped in landfills in Estonia. As a nationalstrategy, it has been decided to close all of the dumping sites. In many cases, woodresidues have been used for capping of municipal dump sites. It has been suspected, thatenvironmentally hazardous phenolic compounds may be leaching out from such landfills.Pathways for generation of natural phenolic compounds, as well as the ecologic impact ofthem have not been studied in Estonia.In this paper, leachate composition from dumpsites of waste wood is studied and thehazards of phenols to the environment are discussed. In the wood waste, phenol can befound mainly in tannins, resin and lignin. Phenols in tannins are water-soluble, butphenols in resins are more soluble in organic solvents, such as ether, what is producedduring decomposition of lignin. Chipping and storage of wood in the water-richenvironment speeds up the leaching of phenols.The leachate from wood waste dumps is quickly purified by natural processes in the soil.It is assumed that in most cases the natural phenols do not migrate far from the dump siteor storage area. The problem may arise in case where such waste is stored near to thewater body or the leach-water is repeatedly re-circulated into the deposit of waste wood.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123149579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear deterministic modelling of ecological scenarios - typical predictions and limitations","authors":"T. Lindström, Michael S. Lindberg, D. Nammari, W. Stolte","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.050","url":null,"abstract":"Modelling population and commwiity dynamics has evolved a lot after the early attemptsby Malthus (1798), Darwin ( 1878), Lotka ( 1925), and Volterra ( 1926). The power ofnonlinear simple deterministic models is usually that they show right directions andVolterra's principle still remain a remarkable example of that Another benefit is thatmany properties of the models can be made visible in a geometric way to scientists withlittle or limited backgrowid in mathematics.Today more is known about species response to competition, nutrient limitation,predation and what environments support longer food-chains. In this paper we show howtypical communities like competing species, predator-prey systems, and food-chainsreply to changes in the environmental parameters.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121588909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of wetlands in decreasing small rivers eutrofication in the Kaliningrad region","authors":"S. Umansky, M. Kondratenko, M. Shibaeva","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.048","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of possible ways of solving the problem is described as well as theproof of expediency of realization of measures on decrease of the small riverseutrofication level with the help of self-cleaning abilities ofwetlands is given.As an analog-object for research the river Gurievka (the right inflow of the river Pregel).The water resources of this river are used for hydropower and water-supply fish-breedingfarm.On basis of hydrochemical analysis and usage of bioindication method for saprobityestimation the analysis of state of water ecosystem in carried out for upper, average andundercurrent of the river Gurievka.The waters of the river Gurievka refer to a category \"moderately - contaminated\".The first results on wetland cleaning capacity research are described. This wetland islocated in the middle part of the river and presented by marshy part of the channel withextention of 120 m.Typha latifolia L. dominates in aquatic plants community's structure.The decrease of water contamination level is noted with passing of water through wetland(COD5 at the input - 4, I Mr02/JI, at the output - 2,2 MrOi/n).By results of study of ecological state of the river it is offered to conduct operations onreconstruction of the coastal zone and creation of artificial wetlands on plots subjected tothe greatest anthropogenic influence.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124040858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bod sensor for wastewater analysis- design and calibration methods","authors":"S. Velling, K. Orupõld, T. Tenno","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.043","url":null,"abstract":"Water quality monitoring is an important aspect of water management concerning to thepollution control. The removal of biodegradable organic substances is a very importantaspect of evaluation the treatment efficiency in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).The amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms to oxidise organic substances ischaracterised by biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), a widely used parameter inenvironmental analysis. The conventional method BOD determination is uneffective fromthe point of view of short-term in situ measurements or on-line monitoring because itmeasures the microorganisms endogenous and exogenous oxygen consumption over aperiod of 5 or 7 days. BOD biosensors provide much faster results thereby allowing theresearches to overcome the weaknesses of the conventional method.BOD sensor studied in present work is based on an amperometric oxygen sensor and aneasily replaceable biomembrane of mixed culture of microorganisms. Biosensor outputsignal depends on the concentration of substrate that indicates the organic pollution ofwaters. Biosensor output signal is analysed classically according to the steady-stateparameters and by the dynamic change of the response and also by the elaboratedmathematical model. The calibration of biosensor by steady-state method is based on thechange of biosensor response between an initial value and the stable end-point of thesignal. The dynamic method of measurement is based on the determination of themaximum rate of change of output signal during experiment and the mathematical modelenables us to find the time constants characterising the non-steady-state processes inBOD sensor. Studied biosensor can be used for the measurements of biochemical oxygendemand in the concentration range 10-90 mg/L.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122100988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}