Linnaeus Eco-Tech最新文献

{"title":"Introduction of the equality principle in waste management economics","authors":"Jan Stenis","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.015","url":null,"abstract":"The study illustrates how commonly known business economic models and methods, as wellas the Polluter-Pays Principle, can be applied to industrial and construction wastemanagement so as to facilitate environmental optimisation of industrial and constructionwaste fractionation, Conclusions are drawn stating that the use of altered economic models isviable as a basis for industrial and construction waste assessment. This is aimed at makingindustry act in a manner truly in accordance with the conception of a sustainable developmentaccording to the shift of waste management paradigms proposed by the author.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the international esco concept to energy saving projects in the energy production sector in northwest Russia","authors":"H. Honkanen","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.006","url":null,"abstract":"The economy of the Russian Federation and its growth rate currently depend greatly on thecountry's fuel and energy industry and actual development of the business. To maintain theenergy production at least at the present level, capacity must be increased by several gigawattsannually. This sets up an extensive need for investments. One effective solution to theproblem is the realization of energy saving investments, which have very high potential inRussia.The EU project FRESCO (I 0/2003-12/2005), administered by Lappeenranta University ofTechnology, studies the possibilities to promote Finnish energy business in Northwest Russia.The project examines the ESCO concept that is proposed and anticipated to be a potentialfinance tool in energy saving projects in the target area. The international ESCO businessaims at finding solutions to the following problems: the lack of investments, undevelopedtechnology in use, ineffective energy systems, bureaucracy and risks.Potential and feasible ESCO project targets in energy production include a new pre-furnacefor utilization of bio fuels, a new economizer and a boiler automation upgrade. In the nearfuture - when markets exist - the ESCO concept could also be a finance tool in utilizing wastein energy production. For example bio waste from sawmills has significant potential as fuelfor local boilers.Through energy efficiency projects, greenhouse gas em1ss10ns can also be reduced. Theinternational climate policy brings in its own possibilities to finance energy investments andclimate projects. Russia ratified the Kyoto Protocol in February 2005 and can therefore takepart in international emissions trading in 2008 if the country observes the provisions of theProtocol concerning emission reduction units. Alternatives for carbon finance options couldbe, in addition to international emissions trading, Joint Implementation projects and GISprojects, in which so called \"hot air\" is utilized.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134225141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems and tasks of municipalities of the Russian federation in processing and utilization of domestic waste","authors":"S. Kirsanov, I. Luchkina","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.008","url":null,"abstract":"The field of use, neutralization, storage and burial of waste leads to a dangerously pollution of environmental, irrational use of natural resources and becomes a real danger for the future generations, Annually in RF appear about 70 billiards tones of waste and only 30% are used, Thousands of hectares of lands (without paying any attention on the areas using as illegal dumps) are chosen for ranges of firm waste every year,","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117272898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of local waste material utilization in distributed energy production in Finland","authors":"M. Horttanainen, M. Luoranen, N. Eriksson","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.007","url":null,"abstract":"A very small part of waste management has been carried out by incineration in Finland.About 300 kt of waste is incinerated or burned with other fuels. Waste materials have beenused in energy production mostly as co-combustion fuels at several energy production plants.The waste incineration directive of the European Union sets tight regulations for the emissionlimits, their measurements, as well as for temperature and residence time conditions in thefurnace. The costs of solid recovered fuel (SRF) utilization will increase remarkablyespecially in small heating plants because of these demands.In this study we focus on the preconditions for the utilization of local waste materials indistributed energy production. We introduce two different cases where a fuel produced fromlocal waste materials is used in small-scale energy production (<l 0 MW). The first caseincludes an existing 3.5 MW district heating boiler which has used SRF with biofuels forseveral years with good experiences and low emissions. The fraction of SRF is only about I 0% of the total fuel. The second case is based on package and construction waste collectedfrom the economic area of about 75 000 people. It was assumed that the technology of thenew heating plant would not have to differ a lot from the modem biofuel-using plant becauseof the good SRF quality. The amount of the waste-derived fuel is 10 000 Ua.In the first case the continuation of the energy use of waste would cause at least a 38 % rise tothe waste management fee. In the second case the investment and operation costs could becovered without a gate-fee if the owner of the plant (e.g. a sawmill) could save about 25€/MWh (approximate price of heat for customer) in the purchase costs of heat for their ownconsumption. If the plant could sell the heat to the district heating network with the price of15.5 €/MWh, the gate-fee would be about 38 €/t at the break-even point, which is the same asthe gate-fee of the energy waste at the moment.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131075195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-nutrient mix-enhanced bioremediation of soil/aquifers","authors":"U. Zoller","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.001","url":null,"abstract":"Our research involves the development of economically feasible surfactant/surfactant-nutrientmix (SSNM) - enhanced bioremediation methodology for sustainable, in situ bioremediationof fuel-contaminated aquifers via in vitro column-based optimization of an effective SSNMand the study of its effect on the solubilization/mobilization and biodegradation of NAPL(fuel) in in vitro site/aquifer-simulated bioremediation, The essence of our findings:kerosene's maximum enhanced mobilization - f= 3,6, compared with that of deionized water,was achieved with an SSNM having the composition of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate: cocoamphodiacetate: surfactant-nutrient X = 0, I 5: 0, I 5: 0,05 g/L, respectively; 60-64% of theinitial amount of kerosene in the \"packed\" saturated soil matrix, has been eluted from itduring -30 days, compared with -87% of toluene during the same time period and 68% ofkerosene biodegradation in \"vessel\" settings, in 21 days, In conclusion: The indigenousmicroorganisms present in the vaduse zones of fuel-contaminated sandy soil aquifers arecapable of removing up to ~81 % of the initially contained kerosene in ~42 days, OptimizedSSNMs enhance both, mobilization of the balky NAPLs and the desorbtion/solubilization/dispersion of the entrapped NAPL which, in tum, facilitate their enhanced biodegradation,","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125893868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid waste management in transition","authors":"M. Belova","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2005.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2005.003","url":null,"abstract":"While constructing market economies on the ruins of the central planning systems from theeastern part of Germany to the Pacific coast of Russia, many countries have faced a number ofsimilar problems in the field of the solid waste management. But in the so called 'economiesin transition' these problems were treated in different ways,The group of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe on their way to the EU membershipadopted the European principles of the SWM. They were to find an adequate solution to theessential waste problems earlier and in the very limited time period, On the other hand, thecountries that now belong to the CIS, had somewhat put the problems of the SWM aside,therefore the process is in the most cases yet in its primary stage still. On their way to theeffective SWM, these countries often orient towards the European model as well, thoughhaving more freedom in adapting it to the national circumstances.The objective of the paper presented is to analyze the common problems of the countries intransition, evaluate the effectiveness of the European shaped solutions for the EU newmember states and highlight the positive and negative points to be aware of when reformingSWM in the CIS countries.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114767958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a closed steel eco-cycle - conjoint analysis as a decision tool","authors":"S. Alriksson, T. Öberg","doi":"10.15626/ECO-TECH.2005.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/ECO-TECH.2005.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Swedish steel industry has over the past 20 years made substantial efforts to promote energyefficiency and environment protection. However, the dominant part of these investments has beendirected to the individual production sites, most of which today have 'solved' their own acuteenvironmental problems. The focus has therefore switched to the properties and performance ofthe steel products where the evaluation of environmental performance is a complex task thatoften requires simultaneous consideration of many different attributes.Conjoint analysis is commonly used in marketing research, to evaluate how consumers appreciatespecific attributes in products. It has also been widely used in health care, traffic planning andquality management. Conjoint analysis has also been applied to environmental issues such asenergy, recreation, environmental valuation, ecosystem management, consumer preferences toproducts, public preferences to industrial projects, waste management, and environmental policydevelopment. This previous research has shown that the method is well suited for evaluatingenvironmental issues.Here we briefly present the methodology and review some papers on environmental applications.It is our intention to use this approach as a tool to integrate environmental considerations intoboth process and product development within the steel industry.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133794649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on biodegradation of organic waste in uasb reactor","authors":"C. Majumder, A. K. Mathur, V. Kapse","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.062","url":null,"abstract":"The industrialization in the developing countries causes severe problems in collection,treatment and disposal of organic effluents. The situation leads to public health andenvironmental problem. Therefore, various high rate anaerobic treatments has beenemerged as a variable alternative for the treatment of many industrial and domesticwastewater containing organic wastes. In this study high rate Upflow Anaerobic SludgeBlanket (UASB) reactor has been critically analyzed, discussed and designed as thesolution of above problem. According to that a UASB reactor has been fabricated forlaboratory study. The UASB system appeared to be economically cost effective ascompared to other systems. This paper also focuses on the principle of startup,operational performance, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, methaneproduction rate, and specific methanogenic activity in the UASB reactor. In the presentstudy, reactor was started initially with mixture of molasses and glucose (50% each)solution with organic loading rate (OLR) 0.933 g COD/L day. Thereafter, OLR is beingincreased in steps. After 15 days of startup of reactor, molasses solution was applied. Thetemperature (35e° C), pH (6.8±0.4), and nutrients requirement were maintained. In thisstudy COD: N: P ratio were maintained at 300: IO: l by adding urea for nitrogen andpotassium di-hydrogen phosphate for phosphorus. For a change of OLR up to 13.33gCOD/L day, all above-mentioned parameter were studied. The removal efficiency andgas production rate depend on activity of granules. A typical organic degrading granule iscomposed of micro-colonies of Methanothrix and several syntropic micro -colonies.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124289986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composting in Brazil","authors":"A. Schueler, C. Mahler","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.061","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce the volume of waste to be disposed ofin the landfills, and consequentlyincrease their lifetime, solutions such as incineration, pre treatment of the waste andrecycling are recommended. Composting is a method of recycling by using the organicwaste nutrients, which can be utilised for agricultural fertilisation and improvement ofsoil structure by increasing its capacity to resist erosion. Many composting factories werebuilt in Brazil, but few of them are still working adequately. Selection of a methoddepends on factors like waste characteristics, environmental, economic and socialconditions of the place where it will be constructed and the organisation of the stateadministration. This work presents the actual state of utilisation of composting techniquein Brazil, as well as some analysis of compost produced at some factories. It presents alsoan analysis for the reasons why after several experiences, the composting process are notimplemented in Brazil in a way that it could be considered an advantageous procedure forless industrialised countries.","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"17 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123596949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current situation of meat-related waste genera ted by free state abattoirs, South Africa","authors":"H. Roberts","doi":"10.15626/eco-tech.2003.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15626/eco-tech.2003.059","url":null,"abstract":"Legislation exists which prescribes specific waste disposal methods, especially for condemned products, but financial constraints prohibits its implementation. Current legislation requires independent meat inspection but it is not yet applied at all abattoirs and will take a considerable period of time before it is in place. Meat inspection does not serve any pwpose if condemned products returns to the food chain. Waste management practices at the different grades of abattoirs (Grades A to E) will be assessed and interviews with management will be used to predict the associated health risks to the community and the meat industry. Results obtained, will be used to construct a model to recommend the most suitable waste management system for each grade of abattoir in the Free State Province. This model would be appropriate for other provinces in South Africa. Spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria are found on the surfaces of meat products. Pathogenic bacteria can cause illness when these products are consumed (Aberle, et.al., 2001). Food borne illnesses are a world-wide phenomena that also play a role in South Africa. Duse (2002) quoted the Department of Health statistics indicating that in the period of January to June 1998 there were 110 cases of food poisoning and 3 deaths and in 1999 127 cases reported and 0 deaths occurred. A large variety of bacterial genera have been recovered from red-meat, poultry and their products for example, Actinobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Aalmonella, Zersinia, and Streptococcus. An increase in amounts ofwaste are generated all over the world. Abattoirs are one of the industries that contribute to the problem of possible food-borne diseases and potential health hazards associated with food, especially meat (Bradshaw, et.al. 1992). Waste generated by abattoirs include condemned organs and carcasses, blood, hides, paunch content and carcass trimmings. Condemned products and carcasses, unsuitable for human consumption, are eaten by ,,cavengers\" or persons living off refuse sites, and could cause a significant health problem which could lead to disease and death.Current economic conditions force under- privileged communities to seek any possible source of food and some of the sites frequented are landfill sites, dumping grounds and disposal sites used by abattoirs (Personal communication, Derbyshire, 2003),","PeriodicalId":321575,"journal":{"name":"Linnaeus Eco-Tech","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129738155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}