{"title":"Borrowing and the historical LGBTQ lexicon","authors":"Nicholas Lo Vecchio","doi":"10.1075/pc.00022.vec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00022.vec","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Unlike most areas involving taboo, where language-internal innovations tend to dominate, homosexuality is characterized by a basic international vocabulary shared across multiple languages, notably English, French, Italian, Spanish and German. Historically, the lexis of nonnormative gender identity has shared space with that of sexual orientation. This lexicon includes (inexhaustively) the following series of internationalisms: sodomite, bugger, bardash, berdache, tribade, pederast, sapphist, lesbian, uranist, invert, homosexual, bisexual, trans, gay, queer. This common terminology has resulted from language contact in a broad sense, and more specifically from lexical borrowing (loanwords). Several framing devices are expressed through the lexicon: religious censure, distancing in time and space, othering, medicalization or pathologizing, but also in recent decades LGBTQ self-assertion and demands for equality. Rather than necessarily being subject to taboo, then, queerness represents a pragmatically marked semantic field in which the lexicon is highly dependent upon social factors and the communicative context.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133837413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tongan honorifics and their underlying concepts of mana and tapu","authors":"Svenja Völkel","doi":"10.1075/pc.00020.vol","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00020.vol","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Tongan language has honorific registers, called a ‘language of respect’ (Churchward 1953). These are two limited sets of lexemes used to refer to people of chiefly and kingly rank and thus\u0000 honour the societal stratification. Anthropological-linguistic research reveals that these honorifics are a\u0000 tapu-motivated linguistic practice. The Polynesian concept of tapu (source of the loanword\u0000 taboo) means that entities with more mana (‘supernatural power’) such as persons of higher rank and their\u0000 personal belongings are ‘sacred’, and it is ‘forbidden’ to get in physical touch with them. The respectful terminology\u0000 (hou‘eiki and tu‘i) is restricted to such tapu entities (signifiers), and\u0000 its generic character shows that direct verbal contact with the common kakai signifier is avoided. Thus, the\u0000 honorific registers function as a verbal taboo in its emic sense.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130123043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Keller, P. Striedl, D. Biró, Johann Holzer, Benjamin Weber
{"title":"Sex, death & politics – taboos in language","authors":"M. Keller, P. Striedl, D. Biró, Johann Holzer, Benjamin Weber","doi":"10.1075/pc.00018.int","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00018.int","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126975364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When humour questions taboo","authors":"Philipp Heidepeter, Ulla Reutner","doi":"10.1075/pc.20027.hei","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.20027.hei","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The article examines the ways in which humour twists regular euphemism use. Based on the classical fields of\u0000 euphemisms anchored in religion, aesthetics, social politics, and amorality, it identifies the characteristics of their twisted\u0000 variants with a humorous component: playing-with-fire euphemisms that jocosely provoke supernatural forces, innuendo euphemisms\u0000 that entertain, mocking euphemisms that make fun of others in a teasing or demeaning way, and idealistic euphemisms that uncover\u0000 obfuscating language and negative realities. Using English, German, French, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish euphemisms of\u0000 different periods and genres, the article analyses the intentions, origins, motives, functions, and styles of humour,\u0000 differentiates between symbiotic and parasitic twists, and thus provides a typology of twisted euphemism use.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127410285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obscene language and the renegotiation of gender roles in post-Soviet contexts","authors":"C. Lucchetti","doi":"10.1075/pc.00021.luc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00021.luc","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Mat is a specific domain of Russian obscene vocabulary including words related to sexuality. The first sociolinguistic\u0000 studies on mat emerged after the fall of the Soviet Union, concomitantly with the formation of Russian gender studies in the early\u0000 1990s (Tëmkina & Zdravomyslova 2003: 51). Until today, research on gender and taboo in Russian has been exiguous. Many\u0000 scholars claim that the use of mat is a male prerogative (Uspenskiĭ 1994: 56, Doleschal\u0000 & Schmid 2001: 274), whereas women’s use of mat is heavily sanctioned in society. Through data from a survey I carried out\u0000 with 772 participants, I illustrate that mat is strongly present in women’s language use and that stereotypical gender\u0000 conceptualizations are undergoing change. From the participants’ answers it emerges that discussions about the use of obscene\u0000 language play a critical role in the multifaceted process of renegotiation of gender roles in post-Soviet contexts.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133077358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Keller, P. Striedl, D. Biró, Johanna Holzer, K. Burridge
{"title":"Circumnavigating taboos","authors":"M. Keller, P. Striedl, D. Biró, Johanna Holzer, K. Burridge","doi":"10.1075/pc.00019.bur","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00019.bur","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article elaborates on Wolfgang Schulze’s keynote speech of the same title at the 26th LIPP Symposium in\u0000 Munich in 2019. It is based on the slides from his talk and various teaching materials, of which some figures have been translated\u0000 from German to English before their inclusion in this article. While this article’s foundation rests on Schulze’s theories and\u0000 research, we have done our best to build upon his work; direct quotes and key concepts of his will be cited throughout the text.\u0000 Schulze intended to write this article himself, but after his unexpected passing in early 2020, we decided to offer this\u0000 contribution on his behalf.\u0000 Research on taboo is widely spread across diverse academic disciplines that each attribute slightly, yet\u0000 noticeably, different meanings to the concept. This article proposes an all-encompassing definition applicable to all\u0000 socio-cultural contexts. To arrive at this comprehensive understanding, we first briefly survey the history of\u0000 taboo and its linguistic study. Then, we present a formal and functional typology of circumnavigating taboos,\u0000 taking into account the concepts of mana and noa as proposed by Schulze (2019: 13, 15, 16). While the specific social restrictions resulting from tabooed relations vary from\u0000 community to community, the purpose of taboo remains the same: social stability, protection and sustainability. Linguistic taboos\u0000 contribute to these social functions by restricting the use of certain linguistic signs in certain situations. Such constraints\u0000 necessitate strategies for avoiding taboo, including articulation shift, lexical substitution and the emergence of special\u0000 languages, detailed here.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115183639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Word norms and measures of linguistic reclamation for LGBTQ+ slurs","authors":"Daniel Edmondson","doi":"10.1075/pc.00023.edm","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00023.edm","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While databases of taboo language word norms exist, none focus specifically on slurs as a category of taboo\u0000 language. Furthermore, no existing databases include measures of linguistic reclamation, a phenomenon which may specifically\u0000 affect the processing of slurs. I produced a database in which 155 native or near-native speakers of British English rated 41\u0000 LGBTQ+ slurs for a number of word properties and measures of linguistic reclamation. I then ran correlation and demographic group\u0000 comparison analyses on the resulting database. I found a clear correlation pattern between properties and reclamation behaviours.\u0000 I also found that there were age-related differences in age of acquisition and familiarity ratings; that gender identity and\u0000 sexual identity differences were affected by being the target of slurs; and that sexual identity particularly affected differences\u0000 in reclamation ratings.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124679132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The sound of taboo","authors":"Robin Vallery, M. Lemmens","doi":"10.1075/pc.20021.val","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.20021.val","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Swear words of English and French, both real and fictional ones, significantly tend to contain the least sonorous\u0000 consonants, compared to the rest of the lexicon. What can explain the overrepresentation of such sounds among swear words? This\u0000 might be a case of sound symbolism, when sounds are unconsciously associated with a meaning. We examine the pragmatic vs. semantic\u0000 nature of the meaning involved, as well as two explanations in terms of iconicity (plosives may be associated with “violation of\u0000 hearer’s space”, or unsonorous consonants may be associated with “aggression”). This unusual sound-meaning pairing would involve\u0000 an emotional-contextual, non-truth-conditional meaning, and be powerful enough that it influences a strong sociolinguistic\u0000 convention – which words are swear words and which ones are not – suggesting that sounds convey meaning in yet unsuspected\u0000 ways.","PeriodicalId":321559,"journal":{"name":"Sex, Death & Politics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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