Acta Hydrologica Slovaca最新文献

{"title":"Peak maxima on the rivers of the Prut and Siret basins (within Ukraine)","authors":"S. Moskalenko, L. Malytska","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0021","url":null,"abstract":"The study performed in the article revealed how the daily mean maximum discharge of water runoff and peak discharge of water runoff corresponding to this day on the rivers in the Prut and Siret basins are correlated. There are only the upper reaches of these rivers with a total catchment area of 11300 km within Ukraine. Climatic (significant precipitation) and orographic (35% of the territory of these basins is mountain Carpathians) conditions of the Prut and Siret basins contribute to the formation of significant maxima on rivers during rain floods, which often become dangerous with devastating effects and provide the highest peaks in the year. The analysis of maxima is based on the use of historical series of observations at 12 hydrometric gauges. As a result, we found that for small rivers in the mountains, maximum peaks exceed the daily mean maximum discharges on average by 1.8–2.0 times. In the foothills with an increase in the area of the studied catchments and with a decrease in slopes and heights they exceed by 1.4–1.7 times, and with access to the plain – by 1.0–1.3 times. Such research is influential in assessing and forecasting the hazard of the hydrological situation on rivers.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116954907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of flow frequency on streams in the South Moravian Region for the last 40 years","authors":"P. Coufal","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0022","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the mentioned article is to evaluate the flow frequency in selected water gauging stations in the South Moravian Region from the CHMI network over the last 40 years. Use derived series of M-day discharges for evaluation, which are based on the flow duration curves of the time series of mean daily discharges and the corresponding probabilities of exceeding. The series of M-day discharges in the observed profiles will be evaluated for the current reference period 1981–2010 and the newly proposed period 1991–2020. To orientate the trend analysis in the time series, use a mass curve of mean daily discharges. The result will therefore be to describe the changes in flow frequencies between these reference periods. The above-mentioned results and conclusions will serve for practical use in applied hydrology, e.g. as a basis for determining the minimum discharges in water management and other purposes within the provision of standard hydrological data of surface waters according to ČSN 75 1400.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123951355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme low flow change analysis on the Tysa River within Ukraine","authors":"L. Gorbachova, B. Khrystiuk","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0023","url":null,"abstract":"In the current conditions of a changing climate, which directly affects the variability of river runoff, it is very important to have the knowledge about the trends of its extreme flow. Extreme low flows, just like floods are causing a significant material damage. The Tysa River has the two periods with the low flow during year. In addition, some years are dry and such years can be observed for several years in a row. This research used the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration method (IHA) for investigation of extreme low flow characteristics and their changes along the Tysa River within Ukraine. The research was carried out based on the observations of 4 gauging stations that are located along the Tysa River within Ukraine. The mean daily discharges were used from the beginning of observations until 2018 inclusive. It turned out that at the Tysa River – Vylok Village gauging station the low flow trends differ from the trends at other gauging stations that are located in the upper part of the Tysa River.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114218587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of changes in monthly and m-daily maximum discharges using the MPI and KNMI climate scenarios in the Myjava and Hron river basins in Slovakia","authors":"Z. Sabová, S. Kohnová, K. Hlavčová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0020","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is focused on an evaluation of changes in average monthly discharges and selected characteristics of maximum discharges (m-daily maximum discharges and the occurrence of maximum discharges) in the selected gauging station of Myjava in the Jablonica profile (5022) and the Hron gauging station in the Banská Bystrica profile (7160). The Indicators of Hydrological Alteration (IHA) software analyzed the data modelled using the MPI and the KNMI climate scenarios. The researched time period from 1981 to 2100 was divided into 4 thirty-year periods, i.e., 1981–2010, 2011–2040, 2041– 2070, and 2071–2100. The paper aims to evaluate the changes in monthly discharges and m-daily maximum discharges in the future as well as to determine the suitability of the simulated scenario, which describes the results from the observed data. The results showed that droughts will continue to occur in the summer months and that the winter months will be accompanied by higher total precipitation in the future.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126661130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend changes analysis of the minimum and average annual discharges in selected Slovak rivers during the two periods 1961–2000 and 1961–2015","authors":"Viliam Šimor, ľudovít ľupták","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.02.0024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the development of trends of minimum and average annual discharges for the period 1961–2015 and their comparison with the trends for the period 1961–2000, which have been used by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) since 2006 as a reference period. In assessing both periods, we have dealt with their comparison with each other and subsequent analysis of any change. In general, time series trends can become an important indicator of whether there is a change in selected hydrological characteristics. In this paper, discharge series were processed and statistically analysed using a simple linear trend and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123230211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the solute (nitrates) transport through two types of soil profiles using 1-D HYDRUS software","authors":"Lucia Balejčíková","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrates, used especially in agricultural activities, are still a widespread risk for human health when exceeding recommended limits in various water drinking sources. Leaching of nitrates from soil to groundwater depends on various factors (as soil properties, the size of soil particles, the ability of specific soil components and plant to absorb water and nitrates, meteorological conditions). The main goal of the presented work was to show nitrates leaching through different soil types. Different solute transport processes and solute distribution in the soil profile were demonstrated using HYDRUS-1D model simulation. This mathematical computation research could contribute to the set-up of suitable fertilizers concentration applied in agriculture on the soil surface with defined hydraulic properties. This method represents the economically advantageous and simple first step before fertilizers application. Particularly, the main idea of such theoretical simulations is a timely environmental measures implementation against groundwater contamination.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116343417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing of Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model for water resources management in the Hron River basin","authors":"Miroslav Kandera, R. Výleta, Anna Liová, Z. Danáčová, ľubica Lovasová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The assessment of water resources and the availability of water in river basins is one of the main tasks enabling efficient water management. One of the bases for the Water Plan of the Slovak Republic is a retrospective water management balance of the amount of surface water in Slovakia, which compares the requirements for water with the usable amount of water. As part of the efforts to improve the plan, the possibility of modelling the water management balance of surface waters using appropriate software for the integrated planning of water resources was outlined. The Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) software was selected to test this modelling according to the current methodology. In the Hron river basin, a time series in a monthly time step of data input in the period 2000–2019 was selected. The focus was on the compatibility of the current methodology of the water management balance and methods of modelling it in the WEAP software. The output is a river basin model capable of producing outputs above the level of the original processing of the water management balance, while the compilation of the graphic and data structure of the modelled river basin is fully automated, mainly by using command lines. This modelling approach has shown that, thanks to the possibility of creating new variables within the data structure, it is possible to achieve the required level of compatibility with the set methodology for water management balances. The results demonstrate that the WEAP could be an easy-to-use model building tool for the optimal and successful development, planning and forecasting of water management in space and over time in Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126637262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water management system Liptovská Mara – Bešeňová in the context of climate change","authors":"E. Bednárová, J. Skvarka, Patrik Václavík, J. Poórová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2021-0022.01.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The presented article briefly presents the impact of the Liptovská Mara – Bešeňová water management system operation on the runoff conditions downstream the dam. The analysis showed that its benefit is evident, especially in the period of extreme hydrological phenomena, with the occurrence of long-lasting low flows or in the event of short-term flood flows. In the area of Liptovská Mara and Bešeňová, this is evident mainly in winter and spring, because of a small amount of liquid precipitation in winter and melting snow in the surrounding mountain massifs in spring. Other hydraulic structures’ actual experiences also convince us that Slovakia’s variability of natural conditions requires artificial water sources. In the interest of raising living standards, protecting the environment, and sustainable development, their role is irreplaceable. In recent decades, there has been an increasing debate about the growing demands on water caused by registered climate change and its effects on weather extremes, as well as human demographic change. History confirms that water reservoirs can reduce negative impacts caused by extreme hydrological phenomena – floods and droughts. In line with the need for adaptation to climate change and sustainable development, in addition to measures close to nature, technical measures, reservoirs, and dams are also necessary.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115470348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the runoff volumes of the wave belongs to maximum annual discharges","authors":"Veronika Bačová Mitková, D. Halmová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2020-0021.02.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2020-0021.02.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Several hypothesis claim that more extremes in climatic in hydrological phenomena are anticipated. In order to verify such hypotheses we described the annual flood risk volume analysis carried out in the Váh River in Slovakia. In the present study, the annual maximum runoff volumes with t-day durations (t=2-, 5-, 10and 20-days) were calculated for an 85year series (1931–2015) of mean daily discharges and maximum annual discharges of Váh River: Liptovský Mikuláš gauge. In the next section, we estimated the total volumes of the wave belongs to maximum annual discharges. The Tyear volume values were calculated using Log-Pearson type III distribution. Statistical method was used to clarify how the maximum and total volumes of the Váh River changed over the selected period (1931–2015).","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121627218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination and comparison of hydraulic conductivity values of bed silts along Chotárny channel using grain size analysis","authors":"R. Dulovičová, Y. Velísková, Radoslav Schügerl","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2020-0021.02.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2020-0021.02.0017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper goes in for the evaluation of permeability of the bed silts located along the Chotárny channel at the Žitný ostrov (ŽO), Slovakia. The Chotárny channel is one of three main channels at the ŽO area – the flat lowland with channel network. Whole ŽO area has very low slope, so longitudinal slopes of all channels are negligible. This fact influences the formation of silts on the channel bottom. The bed silt permeability impacts water flow between surface water in the channel and surrounding groundwater in the scope of their interaction at this area. It is expressed by value of hydraulic conductivity, for our case, inasmuch as the bed silts are located in saturated zone under water level, by value of saturated hydraulic conductivity. This paper deals with disturbed samples extracted from the Chotárny channel and for that reason only the empirical formulas based on the grain size analysis were used for assessment of saturated hydraulic conductivity value. The disturbed samples were extracted in three different vertical parts of silt – top, middle and bottom part of silt layer and subsequently as mixed samples in each selected profile of the Chotárny channel. The selection of sampling place was made by thickness of bed silt in the measured profiles. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity obtained from disturbed samples of bed silt – K d were calculated according to three empirical formulas: 1. Bayer – Schweiger formula; 2. Špaček I formula and 3. Špaček II formula, firstly for samples from the single vertical parts of the silt layer (top, middle and bottom) and then for mixed samples. The valid values K d from single parts of the silt layers reached from 1.29x10 -08 to 1.19x10 -04 m s -1 , the valid values K d from mixed samples reached from 1.38x10 -08 to 4.11x10 -06 m s -1 . All values obtained using grain size analysis are only approximate, but the only possible ones in case of impossibility to take an undisturbed samples. According to results of comparison of K d from single vertical parts of silt layers and K d from mixed samples it is not possible to assess explicitly which values set of saturated hydraulic conductivity are more suitable to use in calculation or modelling. Next analysis of obtained datasets and comparison with the values of saturated hydraulic conductivity from undisturbed samples of bed silt will be necessary.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127757719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}