Acta Hydrologica Slovaca最新文献

An assessment of historical short-time precipitation deficiency in eastern Slovakia and northern Serbia according to the SPI-3 根据 SPI-3 评估斯洛伐克东部和塞尔维亚北部历史上的短时降水不足情况

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0032

T. Soľáková, Martina Zeleňáková, Hany Abd-elhamid, Milan Gocic, H. Hlavatá, Peter Bujanský, Miroslav Garaj

{"title":"An assessment of historical short-time precipitation deficiency in eastern Slovakia and northern Serbia according to the SPI-3","authors":"T. Soľáková, Martina Zeleňáková, Hany Abd-elhamid, Milan Gocic, H. Hlavatá, Peter Bujanský, Miroslav Garaj","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Short-term precipitation deficiency is one of the primary causes of agricultural drought, which can have far-reaching consequences on various aspects such as society, environment, and the economy. This complex natural phenomenon attracts more attention due to changes in precipitation pattern. The use of the SPI-3 index for the quantitative measure of precipitation anomalies over a three-month period across the eastern part of Slovakia and the northern part of Serbia is a valuable approach in understanding and managing drought conditions in these countries with different climate conditions. The SPI-3 can be highly beneficial for the farmers, policymakers, and water resource managers when it comes to making informed decisions about irrigation, crop selection and water allocation during drought events. In northern Serbia and eastern Slovakia, the extreme precipitation anomalies often occur during the autumn season. Predicting extreme rainfall anomalies, especially during the growing season, is highly justified and essential for effective natural risk management in agriculture-dependent countries. The average inter-arrival time of an extreme precipitation deficit is in the north of Serbia ranges from 3.1 to 5.1 years, while in the east of Slovakia it ranges from 3.2 to 5.9 years.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"47 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of the saturated hydraulic conductivity by falling–head method for different soil types amended with different biochar fraction size 通过水头下降法研究用不同生物炭粒径改良的不同土壤类型的饱和导水性

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0033

Lucia Toková, Natália Botková, J. Vitková, Lenka Botyanszká, P. Rončák

{"title":"Study of the saturated hydraulic conductivity by falling–head method for different soil types amended with different biochar fraction size","authors":"Lucia Toková, Natália Botková, J. Vitková, Lenka Botyanszká, P. Rončák","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Saturated hydraulic conductivity is an important soil property related to soil water regime. Generally, loam soil has a convenient moisture regime. However, if this type of soil is gradually drying out, its moisture regime may change for the worse. Our task is therefore to search for methods to increase the hydraulic conductivity of the loamy soils. In contrast, one of the goals of sandy soil management is slowing down flow velocity. In our research, we focused on the effect of biochar particle size on saturated hydraulic conductivity changes in three different soil types. The soils were selected based on their textures – sandy, silt loam and silty clay. Our results confirmed that addition of biochar with particle size <125 µm produced from paper fiber sludge and grain husks significantly (p<0.05) reduced saturated hydraulic conductivity in sandy soil by approximately 61% compared to control with sandy soil. Further, the results indicated that biochar with a fraction size >2 mm effectively increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of silt loam soil by approximately 165% compared to pure silt loam soil. The difference was also statistically significant (p<0.05). Biochar amendment to the finest textured soil used in this study (silty clay) also increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The biochar with a fraction size of 125 µm–2 mm and >2 mm significantly (p<0.05) increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity by approximately 629% and 1063%, respectively when compared to pure silty clay soil.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"87 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138983831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soil and water assessment tool model for runoff reaction to land use variations by SWAT model package 利用 SWAT 模型软件包建立径流对土地利用变化反应的水土评估工具模型

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0034

K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, M. Ghane, P. Kianmehr

{"title":"Soil and water assessment tool model for runoff reaction to land use variations by SWAT model package","authors":"K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, M. Ghane, P. Kianmehr","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0034","url":null,"abstract":"Hydro-climatic degeneracies, for example moist and dissipations, have most likely enlarged owing to climatical modification and could due to diffident possessions on socio-economic, mechanical and ecological regions. To plan and concept most hydraulic structures, e.g., dams, it is vital to regulate the runoff of the rivers. If the river absences any position to live the yield, the hydraulic mockups are frequently used to estimate it. SWAT is one of the greatest widely-applied computerized models. In this prototypical, we'd like to feed such influential climatological data as precipitation, temperature, wind speed, radiation and ratio, also as, watershed data including the Curve Number (CN) and roughness coefficient to calculate the watershed runoff. Some watershed contains few weather stations, and there is a risk that the registered data in a station do not represent the whole watershed. Consequently, the amount of the runoff estimation error needs to be determined. The obtained results indicate that with a 32.07% decrease in the average monthly precipitation, sunshine, relative humidity, wind and temperature, we witness 65.36% decrease, 116.82% increase, 46.78% decrease, 127.16% increase, and 39.52% increase in modeled runoff, respectively. The wind speed and therefore the radiation are the foremost sensitive and temperature is that the least sensitive components within the runoff approximation.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"43 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variability and trends of selected snow cover characteristics in the Tatra Mountains region in Slovakia 1981–2020 1981-2020 年斯洛伐克塔特拉山地区部分雪盖特征的变化和趋势

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0031

Lenka Balážovičová, Cyril Siman, Katarína Mikulová

{"title":"Variability and trends of selected snow cover characteristics in the Tatra Mountains region in Slovakia 1981–2020","authors":"Lenka Balážovičová, Cyril Siman, Katarína Mikulová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decades, snow seasons in Europe were reported to become shorter with lower abundance of snow. However, at some stations situated above certain elevation, the amount of snow cover was found to be increasing. This is also the case of high mountains in Slovakia, where number of snow-related studies showed some differences related to the elevation. In this study we report on the trends of selected snow cover characteristics such as the number of days with snow cover (DSC) for 1, 10 and 20 cm depths, summed snow depths (SSD) and mean snow depths (MSD). The data used in this study were collected by the Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) at eight stations in the Tatra Mountains region during the 39 seasons 1981–2020 (01/07 to 30/06 the following year). Some increasing trends were observed for stations above 1100 m while stations below this elevation had generally decreasing estimates. The DSC for 1 cm ranged from 297 days at station elevated at 2635 m a.s.l. to 25 days for station at 640 m a.s.l. The MSD ranged from 100 to 7 cm on average for the whole period. Apart from global warming, other factors play role, and these can be complex in the mountainous regions making any trends more ambiguous to interpret.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"37 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139011782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical tests and sensitivity analysis of pollution source localisation tool applied on open channel system 应用于明渠系统的污染源定位工具的数值测试和敏感性分析

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0030

Y. Velísková, M. Sokáč, Maryam Barati Moghaddam

引用次数: 0

Challenges in selecting the new reference period for long-term hydrological characteristics in Slovakia 为斯洛伐克长期水文特征选择新参照期的挑战

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0026

L. Blaškovičová, Katarína Jeneiová, Katarína Kotríková, ľubica Lovasová, Katarína Melová, Soňa Liová

{"title":"Challenges in selecting the new reference period for long-term hydrological characteristics in Slovakia","authors":"L. Blaškovičová, Katarína Jeneiová, Katarína Kotríková, ľubica Lovasová, Katarína Melová, Soňa Liová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Establishment of a new reference period is an ongoing topic in Slovakia as the currently used reference period is 1961– 2000. This contribution focuses on the assessment of spatial and temporal changes in the mean long-term yearly discharges and long-term mean monthly discharges at 140 water-gauging stations. The years 2021 and 2022 have been further evaluated at selected 13 water-gauging stations to assess the possible impacts of using different reference periods (1991– 2020, 1981–2020, 1971–2020 and 1961–2000) on the water management. The analyses have confirmed that there are significant changes between long-term values, especially for the period 1991–2020 compared with the reference period 1961–2000, with the highest negative changes in monthly discharges being in April and highest positive changes being in January. Evaluation of mean monthly and annual discharges in 2021 and 2022 for 13 selected water-gauging stations, according to the four above mentioned reference periods, has identified changes especially in set categories of monthly discharges. The same average monthly but also annual flows in one station have fallen into different assessment categories, in several cases. For annual flows the changes have manifested in 6 water-gauging stations in the year 2021 and 2 stations in the year 2022. The number of stations with changes in categories between different reference periods used for particular months have varied from 2 to 8 water-gauging stations in 2021 (62 cases for the whole year) and from 2 to 6 water-gauging stations in 2022 (40 cases for the whole year). The highest number of changes for both years were detected in June (14) and August and December (11). The selection of the reference period can therefore lead into different set of applied water management rules.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"259 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the impact of the accuracy of the DMR on the calculation of soil erosion using the USLE and USLE-2D models 利用 USLE 和 USLE-2D 模型评估 DMR 的精度对土壤侵蚀计算的影响

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0029

Tatiana Kohutová, Matúš Tomaščík, M. Danáčová, K. Hlavčová

{"title":"Assessment of the impact of the accuracy of the DMR on the calculation of soil erosion using the USLE and USLE-2D models","authors":"Tatiana Kohutová, Matúš Tomaščík, M. Danáčová, K. Hlavčová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Slovakia has recorded a potentially significant increase in water erosion, especially after consolidating the plots of hundreds of hectares of agricultural area with monocultures of marketable crops. This is also due to large blocks of land being created on sloping sites. Due to its simplicity, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is most commonly used to calculate potential soil erosion. This study compares the classical USLE and the USLE-2D methods, which consider the combined spatially variable slope length and steepness. The slope length is replaced in USLE-2D by the contributing area based on a raster digital model relief model. Data from Tulčík cadastre in east Slovakia demonstrates the results of water erosion on 26 plots used as agricultural areas. As expected, differences were found, which were further analysed concerning slope lengths and steepness. Comparing the grid size (1, 10 and 20 m) for the USLE-2D model showed that more significant differences were obtained for plots with a smaller area and a higher slope. It was confirmed that at a lower pixel resolution, the results are overestimated.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"250 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of meteorological drought over two normal periods 两个正常时期的气象干旱比较

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0025

D. Pavelková, B. Kandra, A. Tall, H. Hlavatá, M. Gomboš

{"title":"Comparison of meteorological drought over two normal periods","authors":"D. Pavelková, B. Kandra, A. Tall, H. Hlavatá, M. Gomboš","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0025","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency of extreme meteorological events, including drought, has risen in the last years. This is, among, due to climatic changes occurring in the atmosphere. These extremes have been monitored also on the East Slovakian Lowland. Dry periods are defined as periods of water scarcity in their various forms. In order to quantify changes in the climate at a particular location, it is useful to compare the climatic characteristics monitored over two normal periods. The basic assumption of this work is that Earth's climate has been warming and therefore the drought incidence has been increasing. The aim of this work is to quantify differences in the climate at a particular location over two consecutive normal periods. The two normal periods (NP) are the years 1961–1990 (NP1) and 1991–2020 (NP2). Compared atmospheric elements were monitored at the meteorological station of SHMÚ (Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute) in Milhostov, which is in the central part of the East Slovakian Lowland. Normal periods were analysed in terms of precipitation, temperature, potential evapotranspiration, and selected drought indices. The analysis has shown that the normal period of 1991–2020 (NP2) is both annually and monthly drier than the period of 1961–1990 (NP1), with a significant increase in temperatures and potential evapotranspiration.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"48 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interactions of natural and anthropogenic drivers and hydrological processes on local and regional scales: A review of main results of Slovak hydrology from 2019 to 2022 地方和区域尺度上自然和人为驱动因素与水文过程的相互作用：2019 至 2022 年斯洛伐克水文主要成果回顾

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0028

Ján Szolgay, P. Miklánek, R. Výleta

{"title":"Interactions of natural and anthropogenic drivers and hydrological processes on local and regional scales: A review of main results of Slovak hydrology from 2019 to 2022","authors":"Ján Szolgay, P. Miklánek, R. Výleta","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The need to increase understanding of the impacts of changing natural and anthropogenic drivers on hydrological processes on local and regional scales is an essential prerequisite for advancing hydrology and a precondition for solving water resources management tasks. Slovakia exhibits abundant spatial and temporal variability of hydrological processes complicating the generalisation of runoff regimes. Changing climate and recent extreme floods and droughts put additional pressure on improving the observing, monitoring, describing, and modelling of hydrological processes. This paper reviews the response of hydrologic research in Slovakia to these challenges published in international journals from 2019 to 2022. It continues the practice of publishing the review part of the Slovak National Reports to IUGG on behalf of the IAHS (Szolgay, 2003; 2007; 2011; 2015; 2019), which follows the custom of National IUGG Committees to prepare a Quadrennial Report for the IUGG General Assemblies containing comprehensive summaries of national activities in geodesy and geophysics (Szolgay, et al., 2023).","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"58 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138985115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing fire-induced water repellency and runoff in forest soil from beech forest: A controlled laboratory experiment 分析山毛榉林火灾引起的森林土壤憎水性和径流：受控实验室实验

Acta Hydrologica Slovaca Pub Date : 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0023

P. Šurda, J. Vitková, Anton Zvala, Ľ. Lichner

{"title":"Analyzing fire-induced water repellency and runoff in forest soil from beech forest: A controlled laboratory experiment","authors":"P. Šurda, J. Vitková, Anton Zvala, Ľ. Lichner","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2023-0024.02.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Forest fires are a common ecological disturbance affecting soil properties and hydrological processes. In this study, we investigated the impact of fire on surface runoff and soil water repellency (SWR) in beech forest through a laboratory experiment. Our main goals were to quantify the severity of SWR caused by low-intensity fires (simulated at 300°C in a muffle furnace) using contact angle measurements with an optical goniometer and to analyze the relationship between heat-induced alterations in SWR and subsequent surface runoff generated by a rainfall simulator in laboratory conditions. The secondary goal of this study was to propose an innovative laboratory approach as an alternative for fire experiments in real forest environments. We collected six monoliths, each with a forest soil surface layer measuring 20 cm x 15 cm x 10 cm, from the Zvolen-Budča site. These monoliths were heated at 300°C for 20 minutes in a muffle furnace to simulate the impact of low-intensity wildfires. Subsequently, the burnt monoliths and the Control were exposed to artificial rain from a rainfall simulator, and surface runoff was measured. The results showed a significant increase in surface runoff from the burnt monoliths compared to the Control, indicating the impact of fire-induced changes in soil structure and SWR. Additionally, contact angle measurements using an optical goniometer showed increased SWR in the burnt disturbed samples. The findings of our study underscore the significance of the interplay between fire-induced alterations in SWR and surface runoff. They offer valuable insights into the post-fire hydrological responses and erosion risks in forest ecosystems. These insights could help develop effective strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of forest fires.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139012250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0