Acta Hydrologica Slovaca最新文献

{"title":"Model of urban groundwater level management in drainage systems","authors":"A. Arifjanov, L. Samiev, Z. Abdulkhaev, D. Abduraimova, Shodiyor Yusupov, T. Kaletová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.02.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.02.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, it is proposed to design horizontal drains for the city of Fergana to reduce the negative impact of the rise in the level of groundwater on the environment, agricultural crops, buildings, and structures, as well as on underground communications. Groundwater depth measurements were carried out in observation wells in the city area and the results were analysed. The depth of groundwater level drop within the horizontal drainage effect is physically and mathematically modelled. For this, long-term data from observation wells were analysed and the hydraulic parameters of horizontal drainage were selected considering the hydrogeology of the area. Taking into account the terrain and characteristics of the soil layers, the possibility of diverting the collected water outside the city through the \"Margilan Say\" waterwork passing through the city centre has been developed. The differential equation of groundwater movement is solved by numerical calculation and the results are analysed graphically. According to the analysis of the results of numerical calculation, it is proved that it is possible to control the groundwater level with horizontal drainage. The adequacy of the results was assessed by comparing data collected in natural field conditions.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121465104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drainage systems design in urbanized areas under land use changes scenarios: case study of Narok Town (Kenya)","authors":"Etienne Umukiza, J. Raude, A. Petroselli, S. M. Wandera, J. Gathenya, C. Apollonio","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.02.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.02.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Land use/land cover (LULC) changes due to urbanization have a strong influence on runoff process. In the case of Narok town, in Kenya, several flash floods have caused human losses and economic damages. Design hydrograph and its peak flow are the key elements to determine hydraulic geometrical properties in designing an adequate drainage system. In consideration of LULC changes and consequent hydrograph variability, in this study existing channel geometric properties were verified, using field measurements through a ground survey employing Real-Time Kinematic equipment at Kakia and Esamburmbur channels of Narok town. To improve the drainage system, the evaluated peak flows under assumed future LULC scenarios were used to design hydraulic properties for a sustainable urban drainage system. Three hydrological/hydraulic models (EBA4SUB, Manning's equation, and Civil 3D) were used under different LULC scenarios for computing channel geometry and correspondent water level. The change in channel geometry was found to obstruct free flow for different scenarios of peak discharge and flow volume. The presented results could be used to support the design of storm water drainage systems by local authorities, in order to mitigate flood hazards and consequently to reduce the hydraulic risk.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125757764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical regime and water quality of the Danubian lake Katlabukh","authors":"V. Ovcharuk, N. Kichuk, Dmytro Lutai, L. Kushchenko, M. Myroshnychenko","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0012","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main sources of water supply in the Ukrainian part of the Danube delta is the Danube lakes, one of which is Katlabukh. The main revenue part in the water balance of the adjacent delta Lake Katlabukh is the inflow of Danube water through canals with offtakes. The water levels in the lake are determined with the rules of the use of the reservoir, as well as with the hydrological regime of the Danube. Water exchange is carried out by off takes Hromadsky and Zhelyavsky. The reduction of water exchange processes with the Danube in combination with anthropogenic impact on the catchment area of small rivers flowing into Lake Katlabukh, as well as the negative phenomena associated with climate change; create many environmental, water, and social problems for the lake. One of the main problems is the unsatisfactory state of water quality in terms of hydrochemical parameters, in particular high mineralization, which limits the use of the lake water for water supply. The permanents monitoring and analysis of the hydrochemical state of the lake waters will allow to development of scientifically based recommendations for improving water quality and rational use.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130785759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of sedimentation speed of soil micro-particles from laser diffraction measurements","authors":"M. Gomboš, A. Tall, D. Pavelková, B. Kandra","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0016","url":null,"abstract":"In hydropedological research and in various scientific experiments, the determination of the settling rate of soil microparticles is a frequent task. Many laboratory procedures for measuring sedimentation rate are based on the Stokes equation. In recent years, methods based on the principle of laser diffraction can be used to measure grain-size distribution and deposition rate of microparticles. The output of the measurements by a laser diffraction method is statistical distribution of soil texture in the measured sample by particle size expressed in % of volume. Measurements were performed in a wet way by MALVERN Instruments device called Mastersizer 2000. The proposed method is based on measuring the time required for soil particles of certain diameter to pass certan distance. The size of soil microparticles present in space and time is defined by probability. Probability is defined in the form of a grain size distribution function. The advantage of the proposed method is its robustness and elimination of human factor errors. This paper presents the results of theoretical approaches and experimental measurements of the settling rate of soil microparticles. Soil samples were taken in the East Slovakian Lowland. Measurements are performed for the selected sizes of soil microparticles for a probability of occurrence of 90%, i.e for d(90). The results are compared with the results calculated by the Stokes equation.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133004221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different fire temperatures on the water repellency parameters of forest sandy soil under different types of vegetation","authors":"Anton Zvala, P. Šurda, Slavomír Hološ","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Soil under specific tree forest species (e.g. pines) can be naturally water repellent. Forest fire can strengthen or destroy soil water repellency (SWR). Fire induced SWR have many direct or indirect effects, including increased preferential flow rate and risk of ground water contamination, increased surface runoff and soil erosion, increased amount of carbon stored in soil, reduced levels of seed germination and plant growth. Understanding the post-fire hydrologic response of forest soil is paramount for effective risk management and mitigation of post-fire hydrologic hazards. Three experimental sites were located in the Borská nížina lowland (southwestern Slovakia). Eolian (wind-blown) sand dunes form the central part of the Borská nížina lowland, which make it a specific region within Central Europe. Pines have been planted here for sand dune stabilization since the 18th century and today cover a huge part of the lowland. The first site IL1 represent 100-years-old stand of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), the second site IL2 is a 30-years-old stand of Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ) and the third site LL is a deciduous stand with a predominance of alder ( Alnus glutinosa ). The disturbed mineral soil samples were taken from 2.5–5.0 cm depth of soil horizon. The organic horizon (0–2.5 cm) was sampled separately before mineral soil. In the laboratory, the samples from each site in 5 replicates were placed into a muffle furnace and exposed to a temperature from 50 to 900°C. The persistence of SWR in soil samples was measured using the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test. Our goal was to quantify the changes of SWR of the naturally water repellent soil induced by different fire temperatures under age and species different forest stands. Forest stands were selected to include different vegetation age and type of litter (surface organic horizon) under the relatively same site conditions (climate, soil and relief conditions). The measured values of natural background water repellency decreased in order IL1>IL2>LL. The highest value of induced SWR (WDPT max ) was measured at IL1 and further declined in the order LL˃IL2; however increase of SWR after heating, estimated as a difference between maximal induced and natural SWR had different trend (LL>IL2˃IL1). Mean value of parameter WDPT max -WDPT n at IL1 was statistically different from values estimated at sites IL2 resp. LL. The changes in natural and induced SWR that we have found may be attributed partially to the quantity and to the origin of organic material (litter of the plant communities with different age and composition of the species).","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132350013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of limitations for groundwater recharge using the example of the Sarden site in Syria","authors":"Abdulnaser Aldarir, T. Fichtner, Ian Desmond Gwiadowski, René Blankenburg, P. Graeber","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Groundwater is the main source of all renewable water resources for drinking and irrigation water in most arid and semi-arid areas. However, groundwater abstraction by pumping has increased in most areas significantly, leading to a lowering of the groundwater level. Managed aquifer recharge is a measure to prevent or counteract these temporary and permanent groundwater declines and their negative effects. The work described here deals with the numerical simulation of treated wastewater infiltration for improving the local groundwater balance in the catchment area of Sarden village, Syria. The semi-arid region is characterized by shallow silty clay soils, limestone cliffs and karst aquifers. Different model setups were built up by means of the software PCSiWaPro simulating the effects of different boundary conditions on the saturation conditions in the vadose zone. This should enable an initial assessment of whether and under what conditions the installation of an infiltration system is possible. Results of the research are showing that the hydraulic conditions in the unsaturated soil zone at the site are influenced most by the groundwater level and the number of trenches used for infiltration, whereas precipitation events are playing a subordinate role. In case of elevated groundwater level and too low number of infiltration trenches, the water can rise up to or in the infiltration trenches.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122501780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of surface waters quality of small water reservoirs in agricultural landscape","authors":"Jana Borovská, Tomáš Rusňák, M. Mojses","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0013","url":null,"abstract":"In the article are presented results from water quality monitoring of six small water reservoirs situated in agricultural landscape in different Slovak regions. The study period was from June 2020 to September 2021. Studied parameters covered oxygen regime, total dissolved solids, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, turbidity, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. All parameters were measured directly in the field using EXO YSI 2 probe. For interpretation of the measured data the application of different statistical approaches were used. The cluster analysis divided the six monitored water reservoirs in to two clusters. The Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed the significant differences between groups of water reservoirs. Analysis of normalized data revealed main parameters that caused the distribution in to two clusters: chlorophyll a, cyanobacterial photosynthetic pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, turbidity and pH. In the cluster 2 the concentration ranges for these parameters showed large fluctuations. Comparison of the land cover structure of 500 m buffer zones pointed out the importance of buffer zone composition for better water quality. For the cluster 2 the highest proportion belonged to arable soils (63.63–92.00%) and only 1.12–9.33% to forests.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129787333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of forest dieback on the overland flow and isotopic composition of precipitation","authors":"L. Holko, Martin Jančo, M. Danko, P. Sleziak","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Small mountain catchments in the highest part of Slovakia are undergoing significant forest changes related to windfalls and bark beetle infestations and resulting forest dieback, wood removal at some places and subsequent natural regeneration or reforestation. Natural forest changes started after 2010 also in the Jalovecký Creek catchment (The Western Mountains, area 22.2 km 2 , mean altitude 1500 m a.s.l.). Coniferous forest dominated by the Norway spruce, that used to cover 44% of catchment area consequently dries, the trees defoliate, break after some time and the natural regeneration starts. These changes affect also the hydrological cycle, e.g. interception, snow cover, water infiltration to the soil and runoff formation. We present the first results of the overland flow measurements in the alive and dead forest in summer season 2021 (June to September) and compare the isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in precipitation and soil water. The results show that the overland flow in the forest is not uncommon, although it constitutes only several per cent of the rain. About a half of 55 rainfall events registered in the open area resulted in the overland flow in the forest (21–30 events at different sites). The overland flow represented on average 4% to 7% of the open area rainfall, but maxima for individual events exceeded 10%. Throughfall in the alive forest was isotopically heavier than the open area rainfall and dead forest throughfall. Isotopic composition of the soil water was distinctly different from precipitation until the mid-July, documenting the influence of the snowmelt water.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121982717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of excessive nutrients load in aquatic ecosystem","authors":"Viera Kováčová","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0011","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanisms of water eutrophication are not fully understood, but excessive nutrient loading into surface water system is considered to be one of the major factors. This paper reviews nutrient inputs to surface water; the role of nutrients in the eutrophication of surface water; the response of biota to nutrient enrichment; monitoring of changes due to eutrophication and the management. The major influencing factors on water eutrophication include nutrient enrichment, hydrodynamics, environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, carbon dioxide, element balance, microbial and biodiversity. With regards of international and national legislative for the ecological status assessment ecological potential, chemical status, biological quality elements, supporting physical-chemical and hydro-morphological quality elements have been investigated. The aim of this paper is to analyse eutrophication and salinization problem, factors affecting this process, its consequences and possibilities of prevention. The partial aim is to evaluate eutrophication state of surface water in Žitný ostrov channel network following the assessment physical-chemical and microbiological indicators in monitored period.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123247158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations from the Western Carpathians and Pannonian Plain show that rainfall return levels need to be adjusted to account for rising dew-point temperature","authors":"M. Onderka, J. Pecho","doi":"10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31577/ahs-2022-0023.01.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall records from a total of 526 rain gauges located in the western part of the Carpathian Mountains and the adjacent Pannonian Plain were analyzed. Estimation of extreme rainfall totals with various return periods is essential for reliable design of hydraulic infrastructure. The ongoing climate change brings additional challenges to the estimation of rainfall return levels. In this paper, we compared stationary vs. non-stationary generalized extreme value distributions (GEV) for 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year return levels of 24-h rainfall determined from annual maxima series. The fundamental question we seek to answer in this paper is whether the stationarity-based design concept is adequate under changing climate conditions because the statistical parameters of probability distribution become dependent on dew-point temperature. Our analyses revealed that the projected return levels tend to increase with decreasing return periods. For instance, the 100-year return levels need an adjustment by ~6.64% (CI: -1.03% +14.95%), while the stationary 5-year return periods of 24-h precipitation totals need to be adjusted by up to ~10.5% (CI: -3.61% +21.24%). Our investigations showed that in ~60% of the analyzed sites the current return levels might need an adjustment to account for the rising dew-point temperature. The presented results may have implication for regional water management planning and flood risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":321483,"journal":{"name":"Acta Hydrologica Slovaca","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121843467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}