Impacts of excessive nutrients load in aquatic ecosystem

The mechanisms of water eutrophication are not fully understood, but excessive nutrient loading into surface water system is considered to be one of the major factors. This paper reviews nutrient inputs to surface water; the role of nutrients in the eutrophication of surface water; the response of biota to nutrient enrichment; monitoring of changes due to eutrophication and the management. The major influencing factors on water eutrophication include nutrient enrichment, hydrodynamics, environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, carbon dioxide, element balance, microbial and biodiversity. With regards of international and national legislative for the ecological status assessment ecological potential, chemical status, biological quality elements, supporting physical-chemical and hydro-morphological quality elements have been investigated. The aim of this paper is to analyse eutrophication and salinization problem, factors affecting this process, its consequences and possibilities of prevention. The partial aim is to evaluate eutrophication state of surface water in Žitný ostrov channel network following the assessment physical-chemical and microbiological indicators in monitored period.