{"title":"Low-Latency Immersive 6D Televisualization with Spherical Rendering","authors":"M. Schwarz, Sven Behnke","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555797","url":null,"abstract":"We present a method for real-time stereo scene capture and remote VR visualization that allows a human operator to freely move their head and thus intuitively control their perspective during teleoperation. The stereo camera is mounted on a 6D robotic arm, which follows the operator’s head pose. Existing VR teleoperation systems either induce high latencies on head movements, leading to motion sickness, or use scene reconstruction methods to allow re-rendering of the scene from different perspectives, which cannot handle dynamic scenes effectively. Instead, we present a decoupled approach which renders captured camera images as spheres, assuming constant distance. This allows very fast re-rendering on head pose changes while keeping the resulting temporary distortions during head translations small. We present qualitative examples, quantitative results in the form of lab experiments and a small user study, showing that our method outperforms other visualization methods.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"11 24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128377037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Anzai, Yuta Kojio, Tasuku Makabe, K. Okada, M. Inaba
{"title":"Design and Development of a Flying Humanoid Robot Platform with Bi-copter Flight Unit","authors":"T. Anzai, Yuta Kojio, Tasuku Makabe, K. Okada, M. Inaba","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555801","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel flying humanoid robot platform with bi-copter flight unit. Humanoid robots have the ability to move by walking, but it is not sufficient for some tasks. To enhance the mobility of humanoid robots, we apply aerial robotics and develop a flying humanoid robot capable of walking and flying in the air. We describe the modeling and control of bi-copter and takeoff pose generation method for flying humanoid robot. We show the hardware implementations of a bi-copter flight unit, a humanoid robot and the whole system of flying humanoid robot. We perform several experiments to verify the effectiveness of the flight control, extended mobility and the implemented robot system including perception.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124720053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Feature-based Deep Learning of Proprioceptive Models for Robotic Force Estimation","authors":"Erik Berger, Alexander Uhlig","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555682","url":null,"abstract":"Safe and meaningful interaction with robotic systems during behavior execution requires accurate sensing capabilities. This can be achieved by the usage of force-torque sensors which are often heavy, expensive, and require an additional power supply. Consequently, providing accurate sensing capabilities to lightweight robots, with a limited amount of load, is a challenging task. Furthermore, such sensors are not able to distinguish between task-specific regular forces and external influences as induced by human co-workers. To solve this, robots often rely on a large number of manually generated rules which is a time-consuming procedure. This paper presents a data-driven machine learning approach that enhances robotic behavior with estimates of the expected proprioceptive forces (intrinsic) and unexpected forces (extrinsic) exerted by the environment. First, the robot’s common internal sensors are recorded together with ground truth measurements of the actual forces during regular and perturbed behavior executions. The resulting data is used to generate features that contain a compact representation of behavior-specific intrinsic and extrinsic fluctuations. Those features are then utilized for deep learning of proprioceptive models which enables a robot to accurately distinguish the amount of intrinsic and extrinsic forces. Experiments performed with the UR5 robot show a substantial improvement in accuracy over force values provided by previous research.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123826325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pseudo Direct and Inverse Optimal Control based on Motion Synthesis using FPCA","authors":"Soya Shimizu, K. Ayusawa, G. Venture","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555773","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method to estimate cost weights of cost functions and multiple joint motion time-series values of humanoid robots easily, using functional principal component analysis (FPCA) instead of direct optimal control (DOC) and inverse optimal control (IOC). Each given object’s cost weight exemplar can be converted into a point in the FPC space by applying FPCA. Cost weight and the FPC space enable to synthesize the motion model data and the cost function factor and therefore versatile motion data conveniently. The proposed method surpasses classic DOC and IOC methods in terms of calculation time and efficiency, in novel data analysis. Furthermore, proposed method is applied to the humanoid robot HRP4, to generate arm motions, as an experimental proof of concept with some cost functions. The accuracy of the motion generation is experimentally confirmed.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128147390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Englsberger, A. Giordano, Achraf Hiddane, R. Schuller, F. Loeffl, George Mesesan, C. Ott
{"title":"From Space to Earth – Relative-CoM-to-Foot (RCF) control yields high contact robustness","authors":"Johannes Englsberger, A. Giordano, Achraf Hiddane, R. Schuller, F. Loeffl, George Mesesan, C. Ott","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555804","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the Simplest Articulated Free-Floating (SAFF) model, a low-dimensional model facilitating the examination of controllers, which are designed for free-floating robots that are subject to gravity. Two different state-of-the-art control approaches, namely absolute CoM control accompanied by an assumption about the foot acceleration, and a controller combining absolute CoM and foot control objectives, are shown to yield exponential stability in the nominal case, while becoming unstable if the foot contact is lost. As an improvement over the state of the art, the so-called Relative-CoM-to-Foot (RCF) controller is introduced, which again yields exponential stability nominally, while preserving a BIBO stable behavior even in case of a complete contact loss. The controller performance is validated in various simulations.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127578012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dominik Urbaniak, Alejandro Agostini, Dongheui Lee
{"title":"Combining Task and Motion Planning using Policy Improvement with Path Integrals","authors":"Dominik Urbaniak, Alejandro Agostini, Dongheui Lee","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555684","url":null,"abstract":"Task and motion planning deals with complex tasks that require a robot to automatically define and execute multi-step sequences of actions in cluttered scenarios. In this context, a linear motion is often not sufficient to approach a target object since collisions of the gripper with other objects or the target object might occur. Thus, motion planners should be able to generate collision-free trajectories for every particular configuration of obstacles for grounding the symbolic actions of the task plan. Current approaches either search for feasible motions offline using computationally expensive trial-and-error processes on physically realistic simulations or learn a set of motion parameters for particular object configuration spaces with little generalization. This work proposes an appealing alternative by efficiently generating trajectories for the collision-free execution of symbolic actions in variable scenarios without the need of intensive offline simulations. Our approach combines the benefit of learning from demonstration, to quickly generate an initial set of motion parameters for each symbolic action, with policy improvement with path integrals, to diversify this initial set of parameters to cope with different obstacle configurations. We show how the improved flexibility is achieved after a few minutes of training and successfully solves tasks requiring different sequences of picking and placing actions in variable configurations of obstacles.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tasuku Makabe, T. Anzai, Youhei Kakiuchi, K. Okada, M. Inaba
{"title":"Development of Amphibious Humanoid for Behavior Acquisition on Land and Underwater","authors":"Tasuku Makabe, T. Anzai, Youhei Kakiuchi, K. Okada, M. Inaba","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555671","url":null,"abstract":"Humanoid research aimed at verifying human movements and substituting for work deals with movement acquisition in various environments to which humans can adapt. On the other hand, water exists as an environment in which humanoids cannot adapt, even though humans adapt and demand work alternatives. Therefore, there is room to construct a platform that can operate underwater and the ground and verify the method of acquiring operation underwater. This study constructs the humanoid that can operate in both land and water environments using modular components that can easily change the body structure. While changing the environment’s force, such as frictional force, water resistance, and buoyancy, the humanoid performed moving movements such as swimming and walking in multiple lands and water settings. Walking motion experiments have shown that the underwater environment’s viscosity effectively reduces the speed of falls and prevents damage in humanoid experiments. We investigated a solution to the problem that humanoids are vulnerable to disturbance in an environment where friction is brutal to obtain through swimming.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134641307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kento Kawaharazuka, Yuya Koga, Manabu Nishiura, Yusuke Omura, Yuki Asano, K. Okada, Koji Kawasaki, M. Inaba
{"title":"Motion Modification Method of Musculoskeletal Humanoids by Human Teaching Using Muscle-Based Compensation Control","authors":"Kento Kawaharazuka, Yuya Koga, Manabu Nishiura, Yusuke Omura, Yuki Asano, K. Okada, Koji Kawasaki, M. Inaba","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555772","url":null,"abstract":"While musculoskeletal humanoids have the advantages of various biomimetic structures, it is difficult to accurately control the body, which is challenging to model. Although various learning-based control methods have been developed so far, they cannot completely absorb model errors, and recognition errors are also bound to occur. In this paper, we describe a method to modify the movement of the musculoskeletal humanoid by applying external force during the movement, taking advantage of its flexible body. Considering the fact that the joint angles cannot be measured, and that the external force greatly affects the nonlinear elastic element and not the actuator, the modified motion is reproduced by the proposed muscle-based compensation control. This method is applied to a musculoskeletal humanoid, Musashi, and its effectiveness is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127197912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Toedtheide, Johannes Kühn, Edmundo Pozo Fortunic, S. Haddadin
{"title":"An Integrated, Force-Sensitive, Impedance Controlled, Tendon-Driven Wrist: Design, Modeling, and Control","authors":"Alexander Toedtheide, Johannes Kühn, Edmundo Pozo Fortunic, S. Haddadin","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555777","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel 2 degrees of freedom humanoid wrist with solely three tendons, based on an integrated 3S$overline{P}$S-1U parallel kinematics (the $overline{P}$ indicates the active degree of freedom) and driven by three electromechanical motors. Tendon-force measurement and control, combined with nonlinear kinematics mapping enable the implementation of a oint-level impedance controller, virtual walls, a momentum oberver and a virtual joint-torque sensor. The novel mechanical esign, especially the drive-train and the tendon force measurenent module, are discussed in the paper. Simulations show the easibility of the control methods. A static workspace analysis - eveals a configuration depending torque with a theoretical maximum torque of 6.1 Nm or 9.3 Nm (depending on the used gear ratio). All control modes as well as human interaction are validated experimentally. First experiments on a humanoid arm are shown. An experimental performance of a maximum speed of 400 deg/s, a maximum payload of 2.5 kg (lever arm 16 cm) and an accuracy of less than 0.1 deg (95% confidence interval) are achieved.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114579934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A vertical jump optimization strategy for one-legged robot with variable reduction ratio joint","authors":"Haoxiang Qi, Xuechao Chen, Zhangguo Yu, Gao Huang, Libo Meng, K. Hashimoto, Wen-Xiong Liao, Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HUMANOIDS47582.2021.9555679","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a vertical jump optimization strategy for a one-legged robot with consideration of its variable reduction ratio joints. Firstly, the characteristic of the joint is derived to obtain its influence on jump motion, which is similar to the reduction ratio. Secondly, referring to the joint’s characteristic, the initial posture of jumping is optimized to maximize the initial acceleration of jumping. Then, to generate the trajectory of the center of mass (CoM) and make the jump motion more efficient, nonlinear optimization of CoM is adopted with respect to human jumping data. Full-body dynamics is considered to track the trajectory with virtual force control. For flight phase, joint PD controller is adopted to decelerate and maintain the posture. A contrast simulation is implemented to demonstrate the characteristics of the variable reduction ratio joint. Vertical jump experiment on a one-legged robot platform is realized with a height of 30 cm.","PeriodicalId":320510,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE-RAS 20th International Conference on Humanoid Robots (Humanoids)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}