Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky最新文献_第2页

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_014

引用次数: 0

Leontyev’s Activity Theory and Social Theory 列昂捷耶夫的活动理论和社会理论

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_011

A. Leontyev

{"title":"Leontyev’s Activity Theory and Social Theory","authors":"A. Leontyev","doi":"10.1163/9789004470972_011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004470972_011","url":null,"abstract":"A. N. Leontyev, the younger of L. S. Vygotsky’s closest colleagues, is widely recognised as the founder of Activity Theory. Vygotsky had approached the cultural formation of the mind in terms of how artefacts, including language, which originate in a wider culture, are used by individuals to resolve situations, which are also the product of the wider culture. He did not, however, investigate how these situations and a person’s motivation, which is a key element in constituting a situation, originate in the social environment itself. This issue was taken up A. N. Leontyev. Vygotsky had recognised ‘activity’ (i.e., social practice) as the substance of psychology, its most fundamental, irreducible category. But his most important discovery was the (molecular) units of activity: artefact-mediated actions. But an artefact-mediated action cannot be understood in isolation. Actions make sense only in the context of the whole series of actions by an individual and the interrelated actions of other individuals. To extend the theory so as to understand the individual’s situation as part of a wider community and its motivation, it was necessary to determine a ‘molar’ unit of activity ‒ a meaningful aggregate of many artefact-mediated actions, whose internal unity would reveal the motivation for individual actions. The psychological investigation of activities was Leontyev’s project. Leontyev’s psychology led directly to an approach to social theory, and he did not shy from taking Activity Theory into that domain, but Leontyev always remained a psychologist and despite the great potential of the framework he provided, his contributions to social theory were fatuous.","PeriodicalId":320224,"journal":{"name":"Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116625448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

As of 2020, the American Century Is Over 到2020年，美国世纪结束了

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_028

引用次数: 0

False Heroes and Villains 假英雄和假反派

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_021

引用次数: 0

The Concept of Object 客体的概念

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_010

A. Blunden

引用次数: 2

The Coronavirus Pandemic Is a World Perezhivanie 冠状病毒大流行是一场世界性的瘟疫

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_027

引用次数: 3

Something Worth Dying For? 值得为之牺牲的东西?

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_017

A. Blunden

{"title":"Something Worth Dying For?","authors":"A. Blunden","doi":"10.1163/9789004470972_017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004470972_017","url":null,"abstract":"Perhaps the most challenging thing about the foreign fighters – those people who disappear from their suburban homes and reappear on Facebook in Syria or Iraq carrying a grenade launcher or wearing a suicide jacket – is that they evidently have something they think is worth dying for. Probably most of us would lay down our lives for our immediate family. Beyond that, Anzac Day parades and endless military posturing by political leaders notwithstanding, it is difficult to imagine most people in this country genuinely willing to put their life on the line for Democracy, Australia, Socialism, the Liberal Party, Jesus or anything else. Not that people wouldn’t fight like hell to hang on to what they have, but willing to put their life on the line for an idea? A society which cannot give its young people an idea worth dying for is what is really shocking. What a shame it is the lengths foreign fighters go to to find something worth sacrificing their life for. The suicide bomber may be misguided, but unless there’s something worth dying for how can there be something worth living for? I will briefly review the rise of foreign fighters through the lens of collaborative projects, a unit of analysis which is particularly useful for understanding this phenomenon. Collaborative projects, or ‘projects’ for short, are entities which people join rather than launch themselves, in the overwhelming majority of cases. A project differs from a group. A group is a collection of people united by some attribute such as ethnicity or beliefs, but a project is an aggregate of actions directed towards the collaborative realization of an ideal. All those entities which motivate actions which do not satisfy a person’s immediate needs are projects. A foreign fighter is someone who participates in an insurgency but has neither citizenship nor kinship links in the war zone and has travelled from afar as a private citizen to fight as an unpaid volunteer. Foreign fighters are quite distinct from terrorists who carry out violent acts outside of any war zone and those who travel overseas to attend a terrorist training camp. Foreign fighters are engaged in conventional warfare. Before you can become a foreign fighter, someone has to be waging an insurgency that you can join. I will deal with the ‘demand side’ of foreign fighting first, where I rely on the work of Thomas Hegghammer (2011), before turning to the ‘supply side’ where I rely on a variety of sources.","PeriodicalId":320224,"journal":{"name":"Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133118368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Vaccine Hesitancy 疫苗犹豫

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_016

Vaccine Hesitancy, A. Blunden

{"title":"Vaccine Hesitancy","authors":"Vaccine Hesitancy, A. Blunden","doi":"10.1163/9789004470972_016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004470972_016","url":null,"abstract":"Last year (2014), the rate of measles infections reached a 16-year high in Australia, mainly due to travellers catching measles overseas and passing it on to unvaccinated children after coming home. We are in serious danger of horrible diseases which had been eliminated from Australia, making a comeback due to a rapid increase in parents failing to have their children vaccinated. The conventional term, ‘vaccine hesitancy’ (VH), implies hesitancy in relation to vaccination, but some people are not hesitant at all but decisive in refusing vaccination, and some are hesitant about a specific vaccine not vaccination in general. However, the term is accepted as indicating this entire field of activity. Since the Christian Scientists confirmed that they do not have a conscientious objection to vaccination, there is now no basis for objection on religious grounds. The tolerance and legal protection extended to religious orders is firmly established in the principles of secular government. Implicit in this tolerance is the reciprocal obligation on religious orders to conform to the law of the land. Conflicts which have arisen between religious and secular law have been resolved historically by negotiation, and continued tolerance relies on past compromises. Examples include the allowance for religious holidays celebrated by minority communities, and the right of conscientious objection to performing abortion or serving in the army. In the absence of such formal accommodation, the secular law prevails, forbidding genital mutilation and so-called honour killing, for example. Nowhere in this practice is there room for an individual or group to unilaterally declare a conscientious objection on the basis of personal conviction. Such an idea would make a mockery of the very idea of human civilisation. There remain however a range of reasons behind failure to access available vaccination programs, and different responses by the community are required in each case. The Abbott government’s policy to send a ‘price signal’ by withdrawing welfare payments will work for a minority of those who have not had their children vaccinated but will alienate and harden the resistance of an expanding section of refusers for whom a legal penalty would only confirm their scepticism. Socio-economic status and level of education have proved to be poor predictors of vaccine hesitancy and the usual empirical-demographic and public education approaches to public health challenges have proved ineffective. Policy makers do not know what to do to improve the uptake of vaccination. Peretti-Watel et al (2015) use the ideas of ‘reflexive modernity’, ‘risk society’ and ‘life politics’ from Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens to describe the field of vaccine hesitancy in terms of two dimensions, parallel to the way that Giddens described ‘beyond left and right’ in the political domain, with his ‘political compass’. That is, just as political opinion can longer be mapped on to a single axis, peopl","PeriodicalId":320224,"journal":{"name":"Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124478172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vygotsky’s Theory of Child Development 维果茨基的儿童发展理论

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_009

A. Blunden

引用次数: 6

Concrete Historicism as a Research Paradigm 作为研究范式的具体历史主义

Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky Pub Date : 2021-10-29 DOI: 10.1163/9789004470972_005

A. Blunden

{"title":"Concrete Historicism as a Research Paradigm","authors":"A. Blunden","doi":"10.1163/9789004470972_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004470972_005","url":null,"abstract":"It has long been widely accepted among Marxists that Marx’s theoretical legacy is essentially that embodied in Capital. Marx never got around to writing his theory of the state, which he had foreshadowed in 1844, let alone his own Logic, and his voluminous writings on political and historical subjects were never worked up into a systematic text like Capital. Although anticipated more than a century ago by Lenin, it has been mainly during the last 25 years that a body of literature has developed around the relationship between Marx’s Capital and Hegel’s Logic, and this author (2016a, 2018) is among those who see this relationship as key to understanding Capital. However, it remains the case that for all the ink that has been expended examining the affinity between these two texts, hardly a word has been written which goes beyond describing this relationship towards applying what has been learnt to an analysis of the development of the world capitalist economy in the 180 years since Marx died, let alone to the analysis of social formations other than political economy. One exception to this is the work of this author (2016) devoted to the fundamental principles of political life, but the connection of the method used in this analysis to Capital and the Logic were not made explicit. It is the aim of this paper to justify the method which, following Evald Ilyenkov (1960), shall be called ‘concrete historicism’. The article is actually a draft for the ‘theoretical introduction’ to a collaborative work analysing the socio-political situation in a specific state.","PeriodicalId":320224,"journal":{"name":"Hegel, Marx and Vygotsky","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121634885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0