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Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere最新文献

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The Stratospheric Impact of the Eruption of Pinatubo 皮纳图博火山喷发对平流层的影响
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1991.otue1
M. McCormick
{"title":"The Stratospheric Impact of the Eruption of Pinatubo","authors":"M. McCormick","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1991.otue1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.otue1","url":null,"abstract":"The eruptions of the Philippine volcano Pinatubo (15.14°N, 120.35°W) in June 1991 caused the largest impact to stratospheric aerosols experienced probably in this century. Early estimates place the SO2 injected to altitudes of at least 30 km at 2 or more times that from the 1982 eruptions of El Chichon. El Chichon put about 6 megatonnes of SO2, or 12 megatonnes of sulfuric acid aerosol, into the lower-to-middle stratosphere making it the largest in the Northern Hemisphere for at least 50 years. An eruption of the magnitude of Pinatubo is important for studies of global change. In particular, its effects to cooling the Earth's surface and possibly masking greenhouse warming must be understood. The heterogeneous chemical effects of this new surface area and the potential for ozone reduction must also be studied. Other potential impacts include the possibility of increased cirrus cloud production and effects of this volcanic layer on producing artifacts in various ground-based and satellite-based remote sensor retrievals. Another effect clearly observed after El Chichon, was the serious crazing of acrylic windows on aircraft flying in polar regions and, therefore, at stratospheric altitudes where aircraft came into contact with the increased sulfuric acid aerosol produced by the El Chichon eruption.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115276232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual-wavelength CO2 Lidar Method for Distinguishing Ice, Water, or Mixed-phase Clouds 用于区分冰、水或混合相云的双波长CO2激光雷达方法
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.1
W. Eberhard
{"title":"Dual-wavelength CO2 Lidar Method for Distinguishing Ice, Water, or Mixed-phase Clouds","authors":"W. Eberhard","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.1","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-wavelength CO2 lidar technique is proposed that shows excellent promise for discriminating between ice and water within clouds. It could potentially provide more quantitative measurements of mixed-phase clouds than the depolarization technique of shortwave lidars.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115429205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lidar Data Validation Techniques 激光雷达数据验证技术
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1990.wd21
D. Whiteman, S. Melfi, T. Mcgee, R. Ferrare, J. Butler, J. Burris
{"title":"Lidar Data Validation Techniques","authors":"D. Whiteman, S. Melfi, T. Mcgee, R. Ferrare, J. Butler, J. Burris","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1990.wd21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.wd21","url":null,"abstract":"In the past several years of operation of two NASA/GSFC lidar systems, several instrument related data anomalies have been discovered. This paper will discuss problems related to differing low altitude transmitter-receiver overlap functions for a three-channel Raman lidar system, bandwidth limitations of photon counting systems and signal induced noise on both short (tens of microseconds) and long (hundreds of microseconds) time scales. The discussion will include operational solutions to these problems that are currently in use or under investigation.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125231742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accelerated Line-by-Line Calculation of Spectral Absorption Coefficients with High Numerical Accuracy 光谱吸收系数逐行加速计算的高数值精度
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1995.tub2
L. Sparks
{"title":"Accelerated Line-by-Line Calculation of Spectral Absorption Coefficients with High Numerical Accuracy","authors":"L. Sparks","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1995.tub2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.tub2","url":null,"abstract":"To model radiative transfer through the atmosphere with high accuracy, one must resort to the calculation of spectral absorption coefficients on a line by-line basis. The calculation of these coefficients is computationally expensive for three reasons: (1) thousands of spectral lines can contribute to absorption at a single frequency: (2) the tails of spectral line profiles are long (i.e., a given line can contribute to absorption over a wide range of frequencies), and (3) the sampling frequencies at which monochromatic radiances are to be calculated must be spaced sufficiently close together to resolve the thinnest lines of interest (e.g., those that arise in the stratosphere). We have developed a new algorithm to accelerate the calculation of spectral absorption coefficients while retaining high numerical accuracy.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"12 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116672286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cloud Measurements with a Polarization Raman Elastic-Backscatter Lidar 偏振拉曼弹性后向散射激光雷达的云测量
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.6
U. Wandinger, C. Weitkamp
{"title":"Cloud Measurements with a Polarization Raman Elastic-Backscatter Lidar","authors":"U. Wandinger, C. Weitkamp","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1993.tuc.6","url":null,"abstract":"The GKSS Raman elastic-backscatter lidar is part of the worldwide lidar network established for the ECLIPS (Experimental Cloud Lidar Pilot Study) project. A detailed review of the aims and philosophy of this international program is given in Ref. 1. During the first ECLIPS observational phase in autumn 1989 the GKSS lidar was also part of the ICE (International Cirrus Experiment) lidar network in the German Bight of the North Sea (Ref. 2). Measurements were taken on the island of Norderney (53.7° N, 7.2° E) between 18 September and 24 October 1989. In this campaign predominantly cirrus clouds were studied. The measurements of the second ECLIPS field phase were made at Geesthacht (53.5° N, 13.5° E) between 29 May and 27 June 1991. Each day two or three two-hour sessions centered around the overpass times of the satellites NOAA 10 and NOAA 11 were carried out.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117176227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Algorithm to Derive Aerosol Properties From Multi-Wavelength/Angle Radiance Measurements 从多波长/角度辐射测量中推导气溶胶特性的算法
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1995.wa5
J. Porter, A. Clarke, Phillipe Rolland
{"title":"An Algorithm to Derive Aerosol Properties From Multi-Wavelength/Angle Radiance Measurements","authors":"J. Porter, A. Clarke, Phillipe Rolland","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1995.wa5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.wa5","url":null,"abstract":"A knowledge of aerosol optical properties and concentrations is required for modeling their impact on radiative transfer. These aerosol properties are often derived from passive radiation measurements at several wavelengths. In doing this, one encounters the problem that the multi-wavelength information is not sufficient to address the various unknown aerosol properties including concentration, aerosol size distribution, phase function, single scatter albedo and index of refraction. In order to address this problem, a new aerosol model was developed from in-situ aerosol measurements which were carried out in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Ocean. After sorting each aerosol distribution by their dry mass they were combined and a double lognormal curve was used to fit the resulting distributions. A example of the model sulfate accumulation mode and sea salt coarse mode is shown in figures 1 and 2.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121235055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Retrieval of Vertical Profiles of Chlorine Source Gases and N2O5 from MIPAS-B-92 Limb Emission Spectra 从MIPAS-B-92光谱中提取氯源气体和N2O5的垂直剖面
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1995.thb4
T. Clarmann, A. Linden, G. Wetzel, H. Oelhaf
{"title":"The Retrieval of Vertical Profiles of Chlorine Source Gases and N2O5 from MIPAS-B-92 Limb Emission Spectra","authors":"T. Clarmann, A. Linden, G. Wetzel, H. Oelhaf","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1995.thb4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1995.thb4","url":null,"abstract":"During the European Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Experiment (EASOE) the balloon-borne cryogenic Fourier transform spectrometer MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) recorded several sequences of mid infrared limb emission spectra, which were used for the retrieval of vertical profiles of CFC-11, CFC-12, HCFC-22, CF4, and N2O5. These gases are characterized by very dense emission bands of unresolved lines. Results are consistent with the current theories of stratospheric dynamics and chemistry.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121244732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Remote Detection of Atmospherically Dispersed Vegetative Cells Using Fluorescence Lidar 利用荧光激光雷达远程探测大气中分散的营养细胞
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1991.owe17
J. Tiee, W. Eichinger, D. Hof, D. Holtkamp, R. Karl, R. J. Martinez, D. Moore, C. R. Quick, R. J. Joseph
{"title":"Remote Detection of Atmospherically Dispersed Vegetative Cells Using Fluorescence Lidar","authors":"J. Tiee, W. Eichinger, D. Hof, D. Holtkamp, R. Karl, R. J. Martinez, D. Moore, C. R. Quick, R. J. Joseph","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1991.owe17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owe17","url":null,"abstract":"A lidar system based on ultraviolet (UV) laser induced fluorescence (LIF) has been developed for the remote detection of atmospherically dispersed biological particles, such as the vegetative cells of bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and bacillus globiggi (BG) released from an aerosol generator. The main goal of this work is to investigate the research issues associated with the long range detection and identification of these biological materials using fluorescence lidar. In particular, we are interested in extending the detection range of a solar-blind 248-nm lidar system demonstrated (with a range of 1-km or so) in previous field experiments1. To ensure favorable atmospheric light transmission characteristics in longer range detection, we are using excitation laser wavelengths > 290-nm (i.e. at wavelengths above that of ozone absorption).","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124944938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extinction Measurements in the Lower Atmosphere with CO2-Lidar 二氧化碳激光雷达在低层大气中的消光测量
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1991.owd3
A. Hågård, R. Persson
{"title":"Extinction Measurements in the Lower Atmosphere with CO2-Lidar","authors":"A. Hågård, R. Persson","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1991.owd3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.owd3","url":null,"abstract":"With the intention to develop a model for IR-extinction in slant paths in the lower atmosphere, we perform measurements with a CO2-lidar. We intend to measure profiles of the aerosol extinction coefficient and to relate the parameters of such profiles to weather parameters and the irradiation, which influences the boundary layer dynamics. Our primary application is range prediction for IR-imaging systems but the results may also be useful for radiation balance studies in weather modelling. Earlier measurements with a horizontal transmissometer have provided data for a model which relates aerosol extinction in the 0.5 - 15 μm range to weather parameters. Ref. Nilsson (1986). We hope to be able to extend the model to slant paths by use of lidar data.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125157358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Edge Technique for Lidar Wind Measurement with Incoherent Detection 非相干激光雷达测风边缘技术
Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/orsa.1991.othb2
C. Korb, B. Gentry
{"title":"Edge Technique for Lidar Wind Measurement with Incoherent Detection","authors":"C. Korb, B. Gentry","doi":"10.1364/orsa.1991.othb2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.othb2","url":null,"abstract":"The edge technique is a powerful new method for the detection and measurement of small frequency shifts. It can be used with a pulsed laser to measure the Doppler shift of an atmospheric backscattered signal and to thus obtain range resolved measurements of winds with high accuracy and high vertical resolution. The technique can be used at near-infrared or visible wavelengths using well developed solid state lasers and detectors.","PeriodicalId":320202,"journal":{"name":"Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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