{"title":"[Immunological biomarker research in uro-oncology-using the example of urothelial cancer].","authors":"Markus Eckstein","doi":"10.1007/s00120-022-01852-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-022-01852-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The most common malignant tumor of the urinary tract system is urothelial carcinoma (UC). With the introduction of novel immunologic therapy options in both metastatic and localized settings, the exploration of immunologic biomarkers to predict potential treatment success has become a focus of clinical translational research. For example, expression levels of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in UC tumors can help clinicians decide which patients are more likely to respond to immuno-oncology therapies; in light of new approvals with mandated PD-L1 testing (e.g., adjuvant nivolumab therapy after radical cystectomy), harmonization of PD-L1 testing is becoming increasingly important. However, in addition to PD-L1 determination, broader potentially predictive biomarkers such as tumor mutational burden and immune signatures/phenotypes have been and continue to be investigated in clinical trials. This review will provide a streamlined overview of existing evidence and new developments in the field of urothelial carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"734-738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christoph Becker, Maximilian Burger, Axel Haferkamp
{"title":"[Research management and promoting young academics in the DGU].","authors":"Christoph Becker, Maximilian Burger, Axel Haferkamp","doi":"10.1007/s00120-022-01853-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-022-01853-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"715-721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40691559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Karl Melzer, Viktor Zehe, Friedemann Zengerling, Felix Wezel, Cagatay Günes, Philipp Maisch, Christian Bolenz
{"title":"[Organoids as a milestone on the way to personalized treatment of urothelial carcinoma: a systematic review].","authors":"Michael Karl Melzer, Viktor Zehe, Friedemann Zengerling, Felix Wezel, Cagatay Günes, Philipp Maisch, Christian Bolenz","doi":"10.1007/s00120-022-01854-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00120-022-01854-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The treatment options for locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) are currently limited to established chemotherapy and immunotherapy protocols. Targeted treatment is so far restricted to a small subgroup of patients. Urothelial organoid systems could make a decisive contribution in establishing effective personalized treatment options by enabling drug response prediction through testing the sensitivity of individual patients. The aim of this article is to describe the state of the science of clinically applicable organoid systems for UC.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted in several medical databases (Medline, Cochrane Library) and study registers (ClinicalTrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry). The search terms and the search strategy were adapted to the databases used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria on the topic of UC organoids. These studies describe the fundamental workflow in establishing organoid systems in patients with tumors of the urinary bladder or the renal pelvis. The success rates in generating organoids from non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer were 70-77% and for muscle-invasive bladder cancer 42%. For patient organoids systematic drug testing was carried out.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The generation of UC organoids is feasible and the ex vivo testing of individual treatment forms is possible. Due to the lack of a standardized methodology, their implementation remains experimental at the moment. The methodology has a high potential to provide a personalized treatment concept to patients with urothelial cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"745-752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C Schüttler, R Jahns, U Prokosch, S Wach, B Wullich
{"title":"[Biobanks, translational research and medical informatics].","authors":"C Schüttler, R Jahns, U Prokosch, S Wach, B Wullich","doi":"10.1007/s00120-022-01850-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-022-01850-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When we think of medical research, one intuitively associates it with the analysis of study data collected for a specific research question or with the secondary use of patient data from routine care. However, these are not the only sources for answering scientific questions. Especially for translational research, tissue and liquid samples such as blood, DNA or other body fluids provide essential insights into disease pathogenesis, development of new therapies and treatment decisions. Access to these biomedical materials is provided by so-called biobanks. By collecting, characterizing, documenting and, if necessary, processing human biospecimens in accordance with high quality standards, they can support research of the causes of diseases, early diagnosis and the targeted treatment of diseases, or make a significant contribution to the investigation of common diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"722-727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miodrag Gužvić, Simon Engelmann, Maximilian Burger, Roman Mayr
{"title":"[Disseminated tumour cells in bladder cancer].","authors":"Miodrag Gužvić, Simon Engelmann, Maximilian Burger, Roman Mayr","doi":"10.1007/s00120-022-01849-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-022-01849-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Molecular analysis of disseminated tumour cells (DTC) may aid in predicting the course of the disease and response to therapies in individual patients. It has been shown in bladder cancer and many other cancer types that the presence of disseminated tumour cells or occult micrometastases in bone marrow or lymph nodes is associated with shorter survival. This type of analysis is particularly important for patients who have been declared disease-free after postsurgery histopathological and clinical imaging analysis. However, comprehensive molecular analysis of disseminated tumour cells is challenging due to the low amount of material and great heterogeneity of the disease. Therefore, currently the routine molecular analysis of these cells is hardly possible in daily clinical practice. Nevertheless, we see daily advances in clinical utility of analysis of cellular or cell-free liquid biopsy analytes taken before, during or after surgery. These advances will enable an integration of translational research workflows into clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"728-733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40581110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Research is an indispensable component of urology].","authors":"F Kunath, M Burger, C Becker","doi":"10.1007/s00120-022-01855-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-022-01855-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"713-714"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40583617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaid Al-Kailani, Johannes Linxweiler, Stefan Siemer, Michael Stöckle, Matthias Saar
{"title":"[Deferred prostatectomy after active surveillance-results from a single center].","authors":"Zaid Al-Kailani, Johannes Linxweiler, Stefan Siemer, Michael Stöckle, Matthias Saar","doi":"10.1007/s00120-021-01705-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-021-01705-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Follow-up during Active Surveillance (AS) may result in psychological burden and discomfort due to the constant clinical monitoring. Therefore, successful implementation of AS is to some extent a challenge for the patient and the caregiver.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this monocentric study, we analyzed the reasons for termination of AS and the rate of the postoperative adverse pathology (AP) in patients who underwent deferred radical prostatectomy (RP) after AS. These results were compared with AS candidates who underwent immediate RP. P-values were calculated with the Χ<sup>2</sup> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 21 months of follow-up during AS, a deferred RP was performed in 74 patients. On the other hand, 214 patients underwent immediate RP. AP (Gleason score ≥7b, ≥pT3a, R1 and N+) was common in the AS group and this was statistically significant (45% vs. 29%, P-value <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings reflect many deficits in the current AS protocols. Using the available tools to apply AS in the routine clinical practice setting may be not adequate to afford oncological safety. This requires the development of new diagnostic tools like new imaging techniques and innovative biomarkers that provide the clinician with more accurate data about disease progression and subsequent help to achieve better outcomes in active surveillance candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":319655,"journal":{"name":"Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany)","volume":" ","pages":"753-758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39599491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}