[Deferred prostatectomy after active surveillance-results from a single center].

Background: Follow-up during Active Surveillance (AS) may result in psychological burden and discomfort due to the constant clinical monitoring. Therefore, successful implementation of AS is to some extent a challenge for the patient and the caregiver.

Materials and methods: In this monocentric study, we analyzed the reasons for termination of AS and the rate of the postoperative adverse pathology (AP) in patients who underwent deferred radical prostatectomy (RP) after AS. These results were compared with AS candidates who underwent immediate RP. P-values were calculated with the Χ² test.

Results: After 21 months of follow-up during AS, a deferred RP was performed in 74 patients. On the other hand, 214 patients underwent immediate RP. AP (Gleason score ≥7b, ≥pT3a, R1 and N+) was common in the AS group and this was statistically significant (45% vs. 29%, P-value <0.001).

Conclusion: These findings reflect many deficits in the current AS protocols. Using the available tools to apply AS in the routine clinical practice setting may be not adequate to afford oncological safety. This requires the development of new diagnostic tools like new imaging techniques and innovative biomarkers that provide the clinician with more accurate data about disease progression and subsequent help to achieve better outcomes in active surveillance candidates.