Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Towards a Climate-Friendly Ferroalloy Industry in Norway","authors":"B. Ravary, Kåre Bjarte Bjelland, A. Valderhaug, Anne Gry Messenlien","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926062","url":null,"abstract":"Elkem and Eramet, with its subsidiary Eramet Norway, produce materials useful for a low emission society, in a resource effective way and with one of the lowest climate footprints. Such high standards give increased competitivity, not only in the context of being greener and thereby more attractive, but also improving the profitability. Both companies have set goals for reduction of emission of greenhouse gases from their production and aim at reducing their CO2 emissions for Norwegian smelters by 40% within 2030, in line with EU targets. A structured analysis of options has led to similar strategies for the two companies. These strategies were made concrete through roadmaps, and ultimately actions and investments. The reduction initiatives can be divided into four main areas, roughly reflecting time phases, from short term (2025) to long term (2050 and beyond): improvement of existing processes in resource and energy efficiency, increase or introduction of biomass based reductants to replace fossil carbonaceous materials, carbon capture and usage (CCU) or storage (CCS), and development of innovative technologies. Building on a tradition of cooperation on research in environment and safety, Eramet Norway and Elkem have capitalized on developments from their own R&D, academic and research partners. All actions are rooted in scientific and techno-economic studies. Open innovation is necessary when developing technologies outside the core competence of the companies. Key R&D projects, pilots and current industrial implementations are listed before detailing some projects in the two companies.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121691680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Process of Extracting Sugary Substances from the Stalks of Sweet Sorghum in the Technology of Making Food Syrups","authors":"N. Husiatynska, N. Hryhorenko, O. Kalenyk, Mykola Husiatynskyi, S. Teterina","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2021.237785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.237785","url":null,"abstract":"The need to intensify the process of extracting sugar substances from sweet sorghum stalks in order to improve the quality and yield of the target product has been substantiated. Existing techniques of sugar substance extraction used in sweet sorghum processing technologies have been analyzed. The application of a combined technique for extracting sugary substances has been proposed implying the production of pressed and diffusion juice.\u0000The results of optimizing the press technique of juice extraction from sorghum stalks are given. The equations of material balance of products and sugars have been built, depending on such factors as the degree of pressing, the initial content of solids and sugars in the stalks. A procedure for calculating the yield of pressed juice, cake, and the content of total sugars has been devised, according to which the preliminary pressing of the stalks ensures the extraction of juice in the range of 25‒35 %, the yield of the pressed cake is 75‒65 % on average, with a sugar content exceeding 60 %.\u0000It has been experimentally established that the use of the anti-current process of extraction of sugar substances from the pressed cake ensures their complete extraction from raw materials.\u0000The rational parameters for this process have been defined. At a temperature of 66–70 °C and a duration of 20 minutes, it is possible to obtain an extract whose content of solids is 13.0 %, total sugars ‒ 11.10 %, and whose purity is 85.38 %.\u0000The research was carried out in order to intensify the extraction of sugar substances from sweet sorghum plant raw materials, to improve the technical level of the extraction process, and implement the devised method under industrial conditions. Further implementation of these results in the food industry could make it possible to establish the production of a wide range of sugar-containing products, both organically and as a natural substitute for sugar in food products.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126141014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Surface Roughness Model in Turning Process of 3X13 Steel Using TiAIN Coated Carbide Insert","authors":"N. Nguyen, D. Trung","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001937","url":null,"abstract":"Surface roughness that is one of the most important parameters is used to evaluate the quality of a machining process. Improving the accuracy of the surface roughness model will contribute to ensure an accurate assessment of the machining quality. This study aims to improve the accuracy of the surface roughness model in a machnining process. In this study, Johnson and Box-Cox transformations were successfully applied to improve the accuracy of surface roughness model when turning 3X13 steel using TiAlN insert. Four input parameters that were used in experimental process were cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of cut, and insert-nose radius. The experimental matrix was designed using Central Composite Design (CCD) with 29 experiments. By analyzing the experimental data, the influence of input parameters on surface roughness was investigated. A quadratic model was built to explain the relationship of surface roughness and the input parameters. Box-Cox and Johnson transformations were applied to develop two new models of surface roughness. The accuracy of three surface roughness models showed that the surface roughness model using Johnson transformation had the highest accuracy. The second one model of surface roughness is the model using Box-Cox transformation. And surface roughness model without transformation had the smallest accuracy. Using the Johnson transformation, the determination coefficient of surface roughness model increased from 80.43 % to 84.09 %, and mean absolute error reduced from 19.94 % to 16.64 %. Johnson and Box-Cox transformations could be applied to improve the acuaracy of the surface roughness prediction in turning process of 3X13 steel and can be extended with other materials and other machining processes","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122475000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Funding of Important Emerging and Evolving Technologies by the Public and Private Sectors","authors":"Kenneth I. Carlaw, R. Lipsey","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3874209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3874209","url":null,"abstract":"We examine the sources of the finance that has enabled technological evolution, distinguishing between sources in the private, or for-profit, sector (FPS) and sources in the public or not-for-profit sector (NPS). We investigate the roles that agents in each sector have played, both directly and indirectly, in financing the creation and evolution of twelve major technologies that were innovated between the late 19th and early 21st centuries, many of which have been labelled GPTs. To document this, we describe the development of our selected technologies in some considerable detail. Although much of this is already well known, what has not been done, to the best of our knowledge, is to emphasise for all these developments the extent to which agents in the NPS and FPS provided the supporting finance. Studies of the physical location of R&amp;D, inventions and innovations typically give heavy weight to the FPS and much less to the NPS. However, when we study the sources of the finance that enabled these technological developments, this greatly increases the relative weight attached do the NPS compared with that of the FPS. <br><br>We distinguish four trajectories in the evolution of any new technology: the invention trajectory covers the scientific and technological developments that precede the emergence of an identifiable technology; the efficiency trajectory is the time path of the cost of producing a unit of the service provided by the technology; the applications trajectory is comprised of the technological products, processes, and forms of organization that depend on it; the diffusion trajectory is the spread of the technology to uses in other places and other times, both nationally and internationally. For each of these trajectories in each of our 12 technologies we indicate which developments were financed mainly by the NPS, mainly by the FPS, or by some combination of both. <br><br>We divide our technologies into five main groups (groups that were discerned after completing our case studies rather than being imposed a priori): Group 1, little NPS support except for the applications trajectory, the internal combustion engine; Group 2, NPS support mainly for the invention trajectory, refrigeration; Group 3, NPS support mainly for the efficiency and applications and diffusion trajectories, railways, automobiles, aircraft and agriculture; Group 4, NPS support mainly for the invention and efficiency trajectories, the iron steam ship; Group 5, NPS Support for all trajectories, electricity, computers, the Internet, and lasers. <br><br>After reporting on each of our 12 technologies, we suggest lessons that are drawn from them and are appropriate to industrial policy. For example, when there is much uncertainty about the technology early on, as it is so often and was with refrigeration, certain practical components of it need to be demonstrated by agents in the NPS before those in the FPS can foresee profitable investments in the technology. In such ","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131789558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design proposal for bolted angle members in compression","authors":"M. Kettler, H. Unterweger","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3868189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3868189","url":null,"abstract":"The type and size of the rotational restraints at the gusset plates near the member’s ends (provided by the adjacent structure) are crucial for the prediction of the compression member capacity of bolted angles. This was highlighted by the authors by means of experimental and numerical investigations in the past. Due to the eccentric connection on only one leg, additional bending moments are acting on the member, leading to a complex load carrying behaviour with flexural and/or lateral torsional buckling phenomena. Detailed analytical models for the estimation of appropriate spring stiffness values have been developed for several practical applications in buildings and two-bolt connections at both member’s ends. The investigated connection details comprise a simply fixed gusset plate (e.g. as attachment to concrete walls), a joint to the flange of an I-shaped section and a joint to the web of an I-shaped section via a gusset plate. Based on that, a design model was developed for bolted angle members with rotational spring restraints at both member’s ends and an eccentric compression loading N, in order to calculate the compression capacity NR. Within this paper, the proposed design procedure is presented. Moreover, the thereby determined resistances NR,model are compared with the results of sophisticated 3D finite element calculations NR,FEM that consider the actual boundary conditions and the eccentric load introduction as well as equivalent geometric imperfections. The finite element model has preliminary been calibrated on the experimental test results. The comparison indicates that the resistances based on the proposed design procedure are slightly conservative compared to the real behaviour of the angle member. In addition, the large increase in capacity (compared to the simply supported reference case) is highlighted. Therefore, it is concluded that the new design proposal is able to predict the compression member capacity of bolted angles safely and economically.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121560766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Interactions between Liquefied Natural Gas and Domestic Gas Markets: A Bilevel Model","authors":"Gopika G. Jayadev, B. Leibowicz, J. Bard, Baturay Çalci","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3862841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3862841","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a bilevel programming model to aid decision-making for two players who interact strategically in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain, possibly with conflicting interests. In the proposed model, an LNG operator is the leader and a natural gas (NG) producer is the follower. The LNG operator attempts to optimally locate LNG export terminals, purchase gas from the NG producer, and export it as LNG. The NG producer aims to optimize production, pipeline investments, and sales to domestic consumers and the LNG operator. To solve the bilevel problem, we first reformulate it as a single-level problem by exploiting the convexity of the lower-level problem. Then, we use disjunctive reformulations of complementarity constraints and piecewise linear approximations of objective function terms to convert the problem into a convex quadratic mixed-integer program (QMIP). Computational experiments confirm that the QMIP is tractable and can be solved efficiently. We apply our bilevel framework to a case study of the Gulf-Southwest region of the United States and evaluate several decision-making scenarios. The scenario results emphasize the importance of using the bilevel methodology to anticipate the effects of new LNG export facilities on NG prices across the domestic gas network. Adding these large gas-consuming facilities at specific locations puts upward pressure on domestic gas prices, although this is somewhat mitigated by the NG producer's optimal production response to the increased demand.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129289738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twinning Engineering of a CoCrFeMnNi High-Entropy Alloy","authors":"J. Moon, O. Bouaziz, Hyoung-Seop Kim, Y. Estrin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3762198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3762198","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Deformation-induced twinning has been a notable example of overcoming the strength/ductility trade-off dilemma as a strengthening mechanism. By borrowing this concept from the area of TWIP steels, we designed a thermomechanical treatment for a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy to improve its mechanical characteristics. We used pre-straining at 77 K to introduce deformation-induced twins in the microstructure of the alloy, and then recovered it by annealing at 773 K, while avoiding recrystallization. The deformation-induced twins generated by pre-straining at 77 K were retained after this heat treatment, whilst partial recovery of dislocations occurred. As a result, the room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy, including its strain hardening ability, were improved substantially.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Classical-quantum Computing: Applications to Statistical Mechanics of Neocortical Interactions","authors":"L. Ingber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3828633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3828633","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid Classical-Quantum computing has already arrived at several commercial quantum computers, offered to researchers and businesses. Here, application is made to a classical-quantum model of human neocortex, Statistical Mechanics of Neocortical Interactions (SMNI), which has had its applications published in many papers since 1981. However, this project only uses Classical (super-)computers.<br><br>Since 2015, a path-integral algorithm, PATHINT, used previously to accurately describe several systems in several disciplines, has been generalized from 1 dimension to N dimensions, and from classical to quantum systems, qPATHINT. Published papers have described the use of qPATHINT to neocortical interactions and financial options.<br><br>The classical space described by SMNI applies nonlinear nonequilibrium multivariate statistical mechanics to synaptic neuronal interactions, while the quantum space described by qPATHINT applies synaptic contributions from Ca2+ waves generated by astrocytes at tripartite neuron-astrocyte-neuron sites.<br><br>Previous SMNI publications since 2013 have calculated the astrocyte Ca2+ wave synaptic interactions from a closed-form (analytic) expression derived by the author. However, more realistic random shocks to the Ca2+ waves from ions entering and leaving these wave packets should be included using qPATHINT between electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements which decohere the quantum wave packets.<br><br>This current project extends calculations to multiple scales of interaction between classical events and expectations over the Ca2+ quantum processes to include these random shocks in previous codes used to fit EEG data to the SMNI model, that included the analytic forms for the quantum processes but now replaced by qPATHINT. The author's Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) importance-sampling optimization code is used for fitting the combined classical-quantum system. Gaussian Quadratures is used for numerical calculation of momenta expectations of the astrocyte processes that contribute to SMNI synaptic interactions.<br><br>This project thereby demonstrates how some hybrid classical-quantum systems may be calculated quite well using only classical (super-)computers.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126249215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modelling of Starting Modes of Induction Motors with Squirrel-Cage Rotor","authors":"V. Malyar, O. Hamola, V. Maday, I. Vasylchyshyn","doi":"10.20998/2074-272X.2021.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20998/2074-272X.2021.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Development of methods and algorithms for calculation of starting modes of the induction motors with the squirrel-cage rotor. Methodology. Mathematical modelling of starting modes of asynchronous electric drives in various coordinate systems with the use of numerical methods for solving boundary problems for systems of differential equations and nonlinear systems of final equations and calculation with their use of static characteristics. Results. Methods and algorithms for numerical analysis of the starting modes of asynchronous electric drive have been developed, which make it possible to calculate the static characteristics and transients in fixed three-phase and orthogonal two-phase coordinate systems. Academic novelty. Known in the literature methods of calculation of starting modes have in their basis classical equivalent circuits with different approximate methods of calculating the parameters taking into account the saturation of a magnetic core and current displacement in a rotor winding. This approach requires a special solution of the adequacy problem for each problem. The methods described in the article for the saturation accounting use real magnetization characteristics of the main magnetic flux and leakage fluxes separately, and the skin effect phenomenon is taken into account by representing the squirrel-cage rotor winding as multilayer. Such mathematical model of the motor is universal and makes it possible to take into account the saturation and current displacement in any dynamic mode, including the start-up process. Mathematical models developed on the basis of the proposed methods provide the adequacy of results with a minimum amount of calculations and make it possible to perform optimization calculations. Practical value. Created on the basis of developed algorithms calculation programs allow to carry out with high reliability calculation of starting modes both in three-phase and two-phase axes of coordinates that gives the chance to analyze not only symmetric, but also asymmetric modes and to predict special features of functioning of system of the electric drive in the set technological conditions of operation and to form requirements to development and adjustment of starting systems with the purpose of maintenance of power effective and reliable operation of system of asynchronous electric drives.","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128951866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Multi-Objective Optimization of the Turning Process of EN 10503 Steel by Combination of Taguchi Method and Moora Technique","authors":"D. Trung, N. Nguyen, Duong Van Duc","doi":"10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2020.001414","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the multi-objective optimization problem of turning process was successfully solved by a Taguchi combination method and MOORA techniques. In external turning process of EN 10503 steel, surface grinding process, the orthogonal Taguchi L9 matrix was selected to design the experimental matrix with four input parameters namely insert nose radius, cutting velocity, feed rate, and depth of cut. The parameters that were chosen as the evaluation criteria of the machining process were the surface roughness (Ra), the cutting force amplitudes in X, Y, Z directions, and the material removal rate (MRR). Using Taguchi method and MOORA technique, the optimized results of the cutting parameters were determined to obtain the minimum values of surface roughness and cutting force amplitudes in X, Y, Z directions, and maximum value of MRR. These optimal values of insert nose radius, cutting velocity, feed rate, and cutting depth were 1.2 mm, 76.82 m/min, 0.194 mm/rev, and 0.15 mm, respectively. Corresponding to these optimal values of the input parameters, the surface roughness, cutting force amplitudes in X, Y, Z directions, and material removal rate were 0.675 µm, 124.969 N, 40.545 N, 164.206 N, and 38.130 mm3/s, respectively. The proposed method in this study can be applied to improve the quality and effectiveness of turning processes by improving the surface quality, reducing the cutting force amplitudes, and increasing the material removal rate. Finally, the research direction was also proposed in this study","PeriodicalId":319585,"journal":{"name":"Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering eJournal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129434328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}