Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen最新文献

{"title":"Brand Valuation of Garment Companies for Tax Purposes","authors":"Rahmat Heryat Furqon, A. Affandi, Jaja Suteja, Dadang Suwanda","doi":"10.56457/jimk.v10i2.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v10i2.280","url":null,"abstract":"Valuation of intangible assets is carried out to determine a certain value objectively and professionally in accordance with regulatory provisions for non-monetary assets with no identifiable or unidentifiable physical form (goodwill). Many intangible assets will not be recognized in the financial statements because they fail to meet the definition of an asset or the recognition criteria. The transfer of Intangible Assets often uses Book Value so that there is no tax obligation, the purpose of this study is to determine the Fair Market Value of Intangible Assets in the form of Brands for tax purposes with valuation that is to carry out financial statement analysis, macroeconomic analysis, industry analysis and application of Approaches and Methods Selected rating. The approach used is using the Income Approach with the Royalty Savings Method, the results of the valuation obtained the Fair Market Value of Brand X of Rp. 23,978,000,000; (Twenty Three Billion Nine Hundred Seventy Eight Million Rupiah).","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89406899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Madrasah Leadership","authors":"Andi Muhammad Ajigoena, Hisbullah Hisbullah","doi":"10.56457/jimk.v10i2.320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v10i2.320","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses management of leadership in the madrasah environment. The main focus of this article is on the challenges faced by madrasah leaders in managing change and resistance from stakeholders. This research is a qualitative study that draws on practical experiences of leadership management in the madrasah environment. The case study approach can provide a detailed picture of the situations and challenges faced by madrasah leaders in managing change and resistance, as well as the strategies used to address them. In the case study, data can be obtained through interviews, observations, and document analysis to provide a more comprehensive picture of the case being studied. Through literature review and practical experiences, this article discusses several effective leadership management strategies for managing change and resistance in the madrasah environment. This article also discusses the importance of effective communication and participation from all relevant parties in the leadership management process in madrasah. This article is expected to contribute to the development of leadership management in the madrasah environment and strengthen the role of madrasah in shaping the character and personality of the younger generation. The results presented show that: First, school leadership management can respond to resistance from school communities by acting as a source of information, initiator of innovation programs, and agent/driving force in overcoming school community resistance to curriculum changes. Good school leadership management can help improve the quality of education in madrasahs, strengthen leadership positions inside and outside the school, and create a conducive and innovative working environment for teachers and school staff. Second, in order to overcome school community resistance to curriculum changes, visionary, participative leadership that is capable of initiating innovation programs is required. The school principal as a leader must understand the conditions and characteristics of the madrasah, be able to communicate clear and consistent vision and goals, and motivate teachers and school staff to work together in overcoming these challenges.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85722673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Self-Organizing Maps and Fuzzy C-Means methods in Clustering Teacher Data for Nominations of Candidates for Education Unit Supervisors","authors":"A. F. M. Moshiur Rahman","doi":"10.56457/jimk.v10i2.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v10i2.356","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of education is very dependent on the management of education management one of the important factors in the management of education is monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, continuous Education Supervision supported by the appointment of competent supervisors will have implications for the quality of education. Supervision of education management is carried out by the principal or teacher appointed to carry out managerial and academic supervision in certain educational units. The problem that often occurs is that grouping teacher data to be selected as supervisor candidates are still conventional. Therefore, a teacher data grouping model is needed to obtain useful information in planning strategic steps and policy regulations for determining prospective supervisors for academic units. By utilizing Information and Communication Technology, especially in the field of Data Mining, this Teacher Data Grouping research uses the Fuzzy C-Means and Self Organizing Maps method, and the grouping results are analyzed by measuring the spread of data on each grouping formed by using cluster variance. The output of the Teacher Data grouping process using the Fuzzy C-Means and Self Organizing Maps methods can bring up a group of Teacher Data nominations that are competent to be selected as candidates for supervisors for certain educational units. The research results were obtained by forming several groupings in Fuzzy C-Means by providing an error accuracy value of 0.1 and Self Organizing Maps, which is set by the learning rate and learning rate; the results obtained are grouping with 3 clusters by providing a learning rate of 0.8 and a learning rate of 0.7 in the Self Organizing Maps method has a Variant value that is ideal compared to grouping on Fuzzy C-Means and rather than the same method by forming different groups.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74346546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the Validity of Scientific Research Results through Research Methodology Management","authors":"Andi Agus Mandasini","doi":"10.56457/jimk.v10i2.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56457/jimk.v10i2.389","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the importance of research methodology management in enhancing the validity of scientific research findings. Validity refers to the accuracy and soundness of research findings and is a key element in determining the reliability and confidence of research outcomes. Research methodology management is a structured and organized approach to designing, collecting, analyzing, and reporting research data. In this article, the author highlights several strategies that can be used to improve the validity of research findings. Firstly, careful planning and appropriate selection of research methods are crucial. It involves a deep understanding of the research subject, the targeted population, and clear research objectives. Representative sampling techniques and adequate sample sizes should also be considered. Secondly, meticulous and consistent data collection is an important step in enhancing validity. Using valid and reliable measurement instruments and adequate training for researchers can help minimize errors and biases in data collection.Furthermore, proper data analysis and applying relevant statistical methods are highly important. The chosen analysis methods should align with the type of collected data and the research questions being addressed. Using valid statistical testing techniques and implementing control measures to address biases should also be considered. Lastly, transparent and accurate reporting of research findings is crucial in improving validity. The research results should be presented clearly and objectively, encompassing all significant aspects of the study. Additionally, prioritizing research reproducibility by providing sufficient detail about the utilized methodology is essential. Research methodology management plays a vital role in enhancing the validity of scientific research findings. Researchers can ensure their results are highly valid by implementing a structured approach and addressing the above aspects. It will increase confidence and the practical and scientific application of research findings.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86571058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KESIAPAN UMKM MENGHADAPI DIGITALISASI","authors":"Arifin Arifin, Kohar Kohar","doi":"10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1729","url":null,"abstract":"Pengembangan UMKM dalam memasuki industri 4.0, tidak dapat dipisahkan dari teknologi. Teknologi di gunakan tidak hanya dalam pemasaran tetapi juga dalam proses lainnya seperti produksi dan keuangan. Untuk itu, pelaku usaha perlu mempersiapkan diri dalam mengadopsi teknologi. Sehebat dan sebaik apapun teknologi jika sumber daya manusia yang akan menggunakan tidak siap maka tidak akan berhasil. Penelitian ini menggunakan Technology Readiness Index (TRI) untuk mengukur kesiapan UMKM dalam mengadopsi teknologi dengan empat pendekatan yaitu optimisme, inovasi, ketidaknyamanan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan angket dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa UMKM Kabupaten Pringsewu berada dalam tahap sedang atau medium di ukur dengan Technology Readiness Index. Pemilik UMKM memiliki optimisme dan mau melakukan inovasi bahwa teknologi dan digital dapat mengubah usaha mereka ke arah yang lebih baik dan tidak keberatan mencoba hal baru. Namun, mereka masih merasa kewalahan dalam proses belajar dan merasa kurang aman saat bertransaksi melalui digital.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78214889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALISIS PERCEPTON GAP ANTARA GENERASI X DAN Y TERHADAP DIGITAL MARKETING","authors":"Fatoni Fatoni, Patra Alif Pambudi, Arohman Arohman","doi":"10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1733","url":null,"abstract":"E-marketing adalah usaha perusahaan dalam mengkomunikasikan sesuatu, mempromosikan produk dan menjual produk maupun jasa melalui internet. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan perilaku pengguna internet menurut golongan umurnya yaitu generasi Y mempunyai usia 26 – 39 tahun dan generasi X yang beruisia di atas 40 tahun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Apakah ada perception gap antara generasi X dan Y terhadap digital marketing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS dengan Independent Sample t – Test. Berdasarkan hasil uji independen Sample t – test di ketahui ada perbedaan persepsi antara generasi X dan generasi Y. Hal ini di tunjukan dengan nilai thitung sebesar 39.301 > t tabel 1,648, serta nilai 0.003 < 0.05 dalam lavene test maka, data tidak homogen atau ada perbedaan persepsi generasi X dan Y terhadap digital marketing","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88296611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH HARGA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN KONSUMEN","authors":"Muhamad Surya Abadi","doi":"10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1730","url":null,"abstract":"Kepuasan pelanggan merupakan aspek utama yang harus dipenuhi oleh perusahaan, dengan terciptanya kepuasan pelanggan maka permintaan juga akan meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh harga dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Ayam Geprek Mantul di Kabupaten Magelang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan asosiatif, dengan jumlah responden 100 orang. Uji statistik menggunakan analisis regresi berganda, koefisien determinasi, dan pengujian hipotesis dengan uji t dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan persamaan regresi Y = 0,867 + 0,398X1 + 0,519X2 + e. Harga berkontribusi 38,9% terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, sedangkan kualitas layanan berkontribusi 51,9% terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Dari pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji statistik Fhitung> F tabel atau Dari pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji statistik Fhitung> F tabel atau (163,410 > 3,09), hal ini juga diperkuat dengan probabilitas 0,000 < 0,05. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Artinya terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan antara harga dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, hal ini juga diperkuat dengan probabilitas 0,000 < 0,05. Dengan demikian H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Artinya terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan secara simultan antara harga dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79829106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENGARUH KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA FISIK TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN","authors":"Suwandi Suwandi, Anggalia Wibasuri, Betty Magdalena","doi":"10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1731","url":null,"abstract":"Kepuasan kerja merupakan persepsi para karyawan tentang seberapa jauh pekerjaan seseorang memberikan segala sesuatu yang dipandang penting melalui hasil kerjanya. Kepuasan kerja juga merupakan salah satu alasan meningkatnya komitmen organisasional. Kepuasan kerja juga dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan fisik perusahaan. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah penurunan kepuasan kerja yang di duga karena kurangnya komitmen organisasi atau keterikatan karyawan pada perusahaan dengan lingkungan kerja fisik yang diduga menjadi faktor penyebabnya melemahnya kepuasan kerja karyawan di PT Jaya Berkat Usaha Farmasi Tanjung Karang Bandar Lampung. Penelitian merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode sintesa dan menggunakan uji statistik untuk validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen, uji prasyarat analisis, regreais linear berganda, uji t dn uji F. Dari hasil analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda diketahui bahwa kepuasan kerja dipengaruhi oleh Komitmen Organisasi, dan Lingkungan kerja fisik serta mempunyai tingkat hubungan yang tinggi. Sedangkan hasil uji menggunakan Uji t menunjukan bahwa ada pengaruh antara komitmen organisasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan, dan ada pengaruh lingkungan kerja fisik terhadap Kepuasan kerja (Y) Paada hasil uji F didapatkan hasil bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan antara Komitmen Organisasi (X1), dan Lingkungan kerja fisik (X2) terhadap Kepuasan kerja (Y). Karyawan PT Jaya Berkat Usaha Farmasi Tanjung Karang Bandar Lampung.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85618369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KESADARAN HALAL DALAM MEMEDIASI KETERLIBATAN PRODUK TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BELI DELIVERY FOOD","authors":"Aji Surya Putra, Yudha Trishananto","doi":"10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1728","url":null,"abstract":"Hubungan antara informasi produk dengan Product Knowledge dan Product Involvement, kurangnya pemahaman informasi tentang produk halal. Ada beberapa produk halal yang masih belum terverifikasi kehalalannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan merakit model hipotetis penting dan tepat sehingga Halal Awareness dapat menghubungkan koneksi antara Product Knowladge dan Product Involvement terhadap Purchase Desicion sebelum menetap pada pembelian, dan secara khusus untuk menunjukkan 7 spekulasi model hipotetis sehingga Halal Awareness dapat menghubungkan koneksi antara Product Knowladge dan Product Involvement sebelum menetapkan pembelian, dan menunjukkan 7 spekulasi. Metode pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada Mahasiswa IAIN Salatiga. Sampel diambil sebanyak 340 responden dengan teknik random sampling. Data diperoleh kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan alat bantu SPSS versi 26. Analisis ini meliputi uji reliabilitas, uji validitas, uji regresi berganda, uji statistik melalui uji Ttest, Ftest serta koefisien determinan (R2) dan uji asumsi klasik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) terdapat pengaruh Product Knowledge terhadap Halal Awareness, 2) terdapat pengaruh Product Involvement terhadap Halal Awareness, 3) terdapat pengaruh Product Knowledge terhadap Purchase Decision, 4) terdapat pengaruh Product Involvemen terhadap Purchase Decision, 5) terdapat pengaruh Halal Awareness terhadap Purchase Decision, 6) terdapat pengaruh Halal Awareness dalam memediasi Product Knowledge terhadap Purchase Decision, 7) terdapat pengaruh Halal Awareness dalam memediasi pengaruh Product Involvement terhadap Purchase Decision.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86683957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORCASTING PRODUK DOMESTIK REGIONAL BRUTO ATAS DASAR HARGA KONSTAN MENURUT PENGELUARAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DOUBEL EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING","authors":"Juliono Juliono, Dhel Juni Pasya","doi":"10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52657/jiem.v13i1.1732","url":null,"abstract":"Salah satu indikator penting untuk mengetahui kondisi ekonomi di suatu wilayah/regional dalam suatu periode tertentu adalah data Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB), baik atas dasar harga berlaku maupun atas dasar harga konstan.PDRB pada dasarnya merupakan jumlah nilai tambah yang dihasilkan oleh seluruh unit usaha dalam suatu negara tertentu, atau merupakan jumlah nilai barang dan jasa akhir yang dihasilkan oleh seluruh unit ekonomi. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pringsewu mencatat laju pertumbuhan ekonomi dari tahun 2011-2019 relatif stabil dimana persentase PRDB dengan rata-rata 5,54%. Tetapi pada tahun 2020 mengalami penurunan yang sangat drastis mencapai -1,21%, penurunan ini terjadi karena dampak dari pandemic Covid-19 yang melanda seluruh Indonesa yang berpengaruh pada kondisi perekonomian di Kabupaten Pringsewu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memprediksi atau meramalkan PDRB atas dasar harga konstan menurut pengeluaran Kabupaten Pringsewu pada tahun 2021.Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Pringsewu. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian akan dianalisis menggunakan metode forecasting double exponential smoothing. Hasil analisis forecasting didapat sebesar 8.040.262,88di periode pada tahun 2021 dengan nilai MSE pada rentan α (0,31 -0,39) sebesar 25.163.409.398,45.","PeriodicalId":31929,"journal":{"name":"Kontigensi Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80475354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}