Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, P. Enjeti, P. Kumar, Le Xie
{"title":"Detection of Cyber Attacks in Grid-tied PV Systems Using Dynamic Watermarking","authors":"Hasan Ibrahim, Jaewon Kim, P. Enjeti, P. Kumar, Le Xie","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents of an active detection scheme for detecting cyber attacks on sensors controlling a grid-tied PV systems. Several cyber vulnerabilities in Grid tied PV Systems are discussed. The defense mechanism introduces a private (secret) watermarking signal into the control inputs of the grid-tied inverter system. This will enable the detection of any malicious manipulation of sensor measurements. Based on the measured data, two statistical tests are conducted to identify anomalies in the system using the presence of the watermarking signal. It shown that when a sensor data is compromised and/or replaced by a pre-recorded healthy signal, both test 1 and 2 exhibit high values indicating a possible malicious activity. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is tested and validated with several attack scenarios on a grid tied PV system. Select results from an experimental setup are discussed.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"57 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Zhang, Noah Fulk, Bo Liu, Lawryn Edmonds, Xuebo Liu, Hongyu Wu
{"title":"Load Margin Constrained Moving Target Defense against False Data Injection Attacks","authors":"Hang Zhang, Noah Fulk, Bo Liu, Lawryn Edmonds, Xuebo Liu, Hongyu Wu","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772024","url":null,"abstract":"Cyber physical security of power systems with high penetration of renewable generation has attracted attention from researchers. One critical issue is that cyber-physical attacks, disguised as uncertain renewable generation, can target conventional power system state estimation (SE). Moving target defense (MTD) is a promising defense strategy to detect stealthy false data injection (FDI) attacks against SE. However, all existing studies myopically perturb the reactance of transmission lines equipped with distributed flexible AC transmission system (D-FACTS) devices without adequately considering the system voltage stability. Exacerbated by the renewable generation uncertainty, existing MTD may cause voltage instability when the power grid is under stress. To address this issue, we propose a novel MTD framework that explicitly considers system voltage stability by using continuation power flow. We utilize the sensitivity matrix of power injection to line impedance, on which an optimization problem for maximizing load margin is formulated. This framework is validated on the IEEE 14-bus system and the IEEE 118-bus system, in which net load redistribution attacks are launched by sophisticated attackers. Steady-state simulations and dynamic simulations on PSS/E show the effectiveness of the proposed framework in circumventing the voltage instability while maintaining the detection effectiveness of MTD. The impact of the proposed method on attack detection effectiveness is also revealed.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129182260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PV to Vehicle, PV to Grid, Vehicle to Grid, and Grid to Vehicle Micro Grid System Using Level Three Charging Station","authors":"Afshin Balal, M. Giesselmann","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772041","url":null,"abstract":"This paper makes use of electric vehicles (EVs) that are simultaneously connected to the Photovoltaic Cells (PV) and the power grid. In micro-grids, batteries of the electric vehicles (EVs) used as a source of power to feed the power grid in the peak demands of electricity. EVs can help regulation of the power grid by storing excess solar energy and returning it to the grid during high demand hours. This paper proposes a new architecture of micro-grids by using a rooftop solar system, Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), grid connected inverters, a boost converter, a bidirectional half-bridge converter, output filter, including L, LC, or LCL, and transformers. The main parts of this micro-grid are illustrated and modeled, as well as a simulation of their operation. In addition, simulation results explore the charging and discharging scenarios of the BEVs.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"222 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131817659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Techno-Economic Study of Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines for Electricity Production over the US Gulf stream","authors":"N. Sockeel, Amber Galeana, R. Cox","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772032","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity production transition leads to the development of low-carbon content renewable energy resources. Due to those challenges, new technologies, such as marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbines, are dragging more attention concerning their technical and economic feasibility. MHK turbines are essentially like wind turbines, but made for recovering energy related to a flow of water. They can be used for recovering energy from river, ocean, or tidal current. Contrary to wind, such energy resources are much predictable and power density is higher. Furthermore, MHK turbines have the capability to run during natural disaster events, improving the resiliency of the grid. Consequently, this study aims at evaluating the techno-economic feasibility for the deployment of MHK for electricity production over the US gulf stream. The results of this study clearly indicate it is very unlikely this resource around North Carolina coast will be economically attractive, even considering state or government subsidy. On the other hand, the coast of Florida likely offers a great economic potential once the MHK technology reaches its maturity.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125187278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Battery Integrated Optimal Power Smoothing of Solar PV Output Using Meta-Heuristic Optimization","authors":"Ammar Atif, K. Khan, M. Khalid","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772017","url":null,"abstract":"The share of renewable energy (RE) sources is drastically increasing as they prove to be environmentally secure power sources. Nevertheless, excessive RE penetration leads to grid problems that can be solved by integrating battery energy storage system (BESS). Accordingly, the techno-economic significance of BESS needs to be maintained. This paper formulates a meta-heuristic optimization to smooth the solar power fluctuations by BESS through determining the optimal filtering time constant that yields an optimum smoothed dispatched solar power and BESS constraints using harmony search algorithm. The proposed optimization technique is tested and validated on a solar integrated test system highlighting its robustness within feasible number of iteration and time limit.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133698393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Youssef, Mohamad El Hariri, Osama Mohammed, Celina Wilkerson
{"title":"Sequence Hopping Algorithm for Securing IEC 61850 GOOSE Messages","authors":"T. Youssef, Mohamad El Hariri, Osama Mohammed, Celina Wilkerson","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772034","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a sequence hopping algorithm is proposed for authenticating IEC 61850 Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) messages for event-driven communications in substation automation systems. The main feature of the proposed algorithm is that it is a lightweight authentication scheme and does not violate the 3 ms end-to-end time delay imposed on GOOSE messages. This significantly improves the security of control and protection systems in modern smart grids, where intelligent schemes can be applied. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, in terms of total end-to-end delay, is evaluated through experimental results obtained from a hardware test setup. The results demonstrate that the latency between sending and receiving a GOOSE message among participants is within its maximum time span defined by the IEC 61850 working group for communications over Ethernet.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115191461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural Network-based Power Flow Model","authors":"Thuan Pham, Xingpeng Li","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772026","url":null,"abstract":"Power flow analysis is used to evaluate the flow of electricity in the power system network. Power flow calculation is used to determine the steady-state variables of the system, such as the voltage magnitude / phase angle of each bus and the active/reactive power flow on each branch. The DC power flow model is a popular linear power flow model that is widely used in the power industry. Although it is fast and robust, it may lead to inaccurate line flow results for some transmission lines. Since renewable energy sources such as solar farm or offshore wind farm are usually located far away from the main grid, accurate line flow results on these critical lines are essential for power flow analysis due to the unpredictable nature of renewable energy. Data-driven methods can be used to partially addressed these inaccuracies by taking advantage of historical grid profiles. In this paper, a neural network (NN) model is trained to predict power flow results using historical power system data. Although the training process may take time, once trained, it is very fast to estimate line flows. A comprehensive performance analysis between the proposed NN-based power flow model and the traditional DC power flow model is conducted. It can be concluded that the proposed NN-based power flow model can find solutions quickly and more accurately than DC power flow model.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116488716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}