{"title":"Designing microgrids for peak shaving and increased resiliency","authors":"Arash Anzalchi, Amanda Green, K. O''Hara","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772019","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the feasibility analysis of a grid-tied photovoltaic (PV)/storage system at a facility in South Carolina, USA. We propose adding 177 kW PV and 132 kWh battery storage to reduce the annual utility bill and increase energy resiliency for the facility. To predict the operating status of the system, statistical meteorological data collected from National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), and load data with 15-minute intervals collected from the utility company are used throughout the investigation. The techno-economic analysis of the microgrid system was created using Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources (HOMER Grid) simulation software. The analysis results show a 23 % reduction in demand charges and 17 % decrease in energy costs with around 48 minutes of autonomy, which increases to 8 hours with a critical load panel.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using an AFD's Inverter to Improve Line-Connected Induction Motor Power Factor within Integrated Control Gear","authors":"Stan R. Simms, G. Braga, Steven Johnston, T. Farr","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772021","url":null,"abstract":"Modern medium voltage motor controls use adjustable frequency drives to sequentially line-synchronize multiple induction motors to the main bus voltage amplitude and phase angle before bumpless transferring them with a bypassing contactor. These switchgear arrangements can include many vacuum contactors that are multiplexed between the main bus, induction motors, and AFD. The authors present a novel approach of using the AFD's back-end inverter and its line-synchronization smoothing reactor for reactive power compensation once all motors operating on the main bus voltage direct. By improving the main bus power factor of line connected induction motors the input current draw will be lowered making the system more Green. This paper will show simulated results of how this approach is implemented.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125419854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymptotic Decay of the Quasi-static Near-field Electromagnetic Field Components of the DD Wireless Power Transfer Coupler","authors":"J. Mclean","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772033","url":null,"abstract":"The extraneous electromagnetic field of the double-D (DD) coupler is analyzed in detail to determine the asymptotic decay rate with distance of the near field components; that is, the magnetic and electric field components in the quasi-static far field. In this region the source-observation distance is many times the maximum source dimension, but still well within the reactive near field. It is shown that, because of the operating frequency of 85 kHz, when current electromagnetic compatibility standards are considered, it is this quasi-static far field that is of most interest. In spite of the appearance of the DD coupler, the near magnetic field is shown to decay asymptotically with radial distance as does that of a horizontal magnetic dipole, −60 dB/decade. This result is somewhat counter-intuitive as the DD coupler clearly physically resembles a higher-order multipole source. The results here contradict other published work which predict a greater decay rate with distance. A full multipole model of the DD coupler is presented and discussion of the relationship between this multipole model and a spherical wavefunction expansion is given. For the DD design given in the current SAE J2954 TIR, it is shown that, primarily due to the presence of the inhomogeneous ferrite core, a pronounced net horizontal dipole moment exists. However, the inhomogeneous ferrite core is a central part of the DD coupler design and without it the electrical performance, e.g., efficiency and tolerance to offset and alignment, are diminished. It can be deduced that in order for the extraneous fields to behave as a $text{TE}_{12}-z$ multipole with the attendant quasi-static far field decay rate, careful attention would have to be devoted to maintaining the symmetry and this would likely degrade performance parameters such as efficiency. Without such a modification, the DD coupler produces a near extraneous magnetic field that decays at −60 dB/decade.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122308831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shamik Datta, M. Hossain, Samiha Nuzhat, Ananya Debnath, H. Huq
{"title":"Performance study of an optimized lead-free Cs3Sb2I9-based perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D","authors":"Shamik Datta, M. Hossain, Samiha Nuzhat, Ananya Debnath, H. Huq","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772038","url":null,"abstract":"Commercialization of perovskite solar cells as clean source of energy can augment reduction of carbon footprint. Nonetheless, lead incorporation in the conventional lead cation based perovskites poses an environmental threat. Physical proximity of living organisms to lead point sources exhibits a wide spectrum of negative consequences. Antimony(Sb) is widely considered as one of the promising lead alternatives for its suitable electronic configuration and non-toxic nature. In this study, we have explored the photovoltaic performance of Cs3Sb2I9 as absorber for the first time using SCAPS-1D software. A planar, regular architecture with device configuration of FTO/TiO2/Cs3Sb2I9 /NiOx/Au has been proposed and numerically simulated. Two key material parameters of the absorber layer: thickness and bandgap have been modified to inspect their effect on device performance. Also, the effect of temperature change on photovoltaic performance has been studied. The best optimized device yielded a maximum power conversion efficiency of 17.49%, open-circuit voltage Voc of 1.4 V, short-circuit current density Jsc of 15.33 mA/cm2 and fill factor FF of 80.95%.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129197864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Subramanyam, Hassan S. Hayajneh, Xuewei Zhang
{"title":"A Preliminary Study on Collusion Detection In Transactive Energy Systems","authors":"S. A. Subramanyam, Hassan S. Hayajneh, Xuewei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772020","url":null,"abstract":"With deeper penetration of distributed energy resources, a need for decentralized control and economic operation has initiated the concept of transactive energy systems. As this framework is still under discussions among policymakers, there are some potential issues regarding the mitigation of market power and collusive behavior of market participants. In repeated transactions, a distribution system has favorable conditions to form tacit collusion. This work proposes a collusion detection (screening) tool for distribution system operators. This detection tool uses maximum likelihood estimation and simulated-annealing based Q-learning algorithm. The preliminary results indicate that collusive prices at the transition period do not follow cost price changes and at the stationary period change very slightly with changes in cost price changes. The results show the change with season varies the profits with collusive pricing as well as Nash equilibrium prices, such as profits are higher in winter months compared to the profits of summer months.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122224494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Truck Platooning and Its Impact on Fuel Emissions","authors":"Paul D. Brummitt, M. S. Khan","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772028","url":null,"abstract":"Platooning is the use of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) technology to form train-like convoys of vehicles. Truck platooning can potentially contribute to safer roadways through the use of inter-vehicle communication to coordinate traffic movement, while increasing fuel economy through reduced wind drag and reducing vehicular emissions. Fuel economy savings described in the literature on truck platooning are applied toward a forecast of heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) traffic through 2026 to predict a potential reduction of CO2 emissions between 2022 and 2026 of 37.9 million metric tons.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131520598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Holtschulte, A. Schmelter, T. Premgamone, E. Ortjohann, J. Kortenbruck, S. Varada
{"title":"Cluster Automation System for Dynamic Grid Control at Distribution Level","authors":"D. Holtschulte, A. Schmelter, T. Premgamone, E. Ortjohann, J. Kortenbruck, S. Varada","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772040","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing share of decentralized power generation, which is now predominantly based on renewable energies, leads to higher requirements in power system operation, i.e. new concepts with respect to the stability of power supply systems are necessary. In particular, the distribution networks where most decentralized generators are connected, must be actively controlled. Therefore, new technical solutions are needed to decentrally organize the control of the power supply systems. An effective concept is the Clustering Power System Approach (CPSA) for structuring electrical networks, enabling an innovative and reasonable decentralisation of future-oriented intelligent power systems. This approach aims to stabilise the power systems from decentralized generation units at distribution system level up to the transmission system level. An embedded Smart Grid Cluster Controller (SGCC) is used to build a decentralized power system controller in a flexible way. This paper introduces the software and hardware platforms of the SGCC, operating as an automation system of the distribution systems. Additionally, this paper introduces a novel Smart Grid EtherCAT Interface for monitoring power system states and controlling power system devices at low-voltage distribution networks, which are based on an EtherCAT® fieldbus. The phasor measurement unit (PMU) and the standard power quality measurement function are the core functions for the realization of a future-oriented dynamic grid control on the distribution level. These are implemented FPGA-based in the Smart Grid EtherCAT interface.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132884277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dunya Y. Dennah, Salwa Ammach, Enfel Barakat, M. A. Majid
{"title":"Life Distribution of Commercial Concentrator III-V Triple-Junction Solar Cells in View of Inverse Power law and Arrhenius Life-stress Relationships","authors":"Dunya Y. Dennah, Salwa Ammach, Enfel Barakat, M. A. Majid","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772039","url":null,"abstract":"The paper shows that the life distributions of the commercial concentrator lattice match Triple-Junction III-V solar cells are significantly different when extrapolated using the inverse power law and Arrhenius life-stress relationships. This conclusion is drawn after applying the two relationships on real data of accelerated lifetimes of such solar cells that are assumed to follow Weibull distribution. The mathematical treatment for both cases is provided in more detail.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"46 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124437041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Padrón, Luis Rosario, Jordyn Sibert, Jeffrey Gleasman, Daniel Guerra
{"title":"Novel Non-Tracking Fiber Optic Solar Concentrator","authors":"L. Padrón, Luis Rosario, Jordyn Sibert, Jeffrey Gleasman, Daniel Guerra","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772027","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by energy requirements for future Artemis missions, the researchers have designed a non-tracking fiber optic solar concentrator based on Fresnel lens capabilities to harness solar energy and convert it into usable power for extraterrestrial applications. Since testing in a lunar environment is not currently feasible, the objective is to implement simulations that will mimic the future Earth- based prototype experimentation to validate software parameters, with the further intent to be adapted to lunar requirements. Design validation, which demonstrated the optical and thermal aspects of each material within the system, utilized mathematical models in conjunction with Simscale, MATLAB, and Optica EM. Researchers used the refractive index and thermal characteristics for each lens material used in the study, finding overall energy efficiency and surface heat intensity for Earth-based simulations. By validating Optica EM and thermal simulations, this scalable and modular Fresnel lens assembly, which requires no ancillary power, can be adapted to fit the needs of extraterrestrial and terrestrial power generation applications.","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130015820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José Rivera-Mejía Ieee Senior, Vicente Medina-Rodríguez, Rocio E. Quiñonez-Moreno, Javier Vega-Pineda Ieee Member
{"title":"PV Fuzzy Model Based on V-I Curves to be Implemented in an Intelligent Sensor","authors":"José Rivera-Mejía Ieee Senior, Vicente Medina-Rodríguez, Rocio E. Quiñonez-Moreno, Javier Vega-Pineda Ieee Member","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech52845.2022.9772031","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the wide variety of factors that affect the performance of photovoltaic arrays, the design of intelligent monitoring systems is important. The data sheets of photovoltaic modules from manufacturers and the theoretical models of its performance constitute the bases to build intelligent monitoring systems. Regarding photovoltaic models, there is a wide literature using Shockley diode equation and other models as fuzzy logic. However, to build an intelligent sensor a simple model that can be implemented in small devices with low computing power capability is required. In this paper a proposal of a photovoltaic model using fuzzy logic that can be used to build an intelligent sensor is shown. The proposal uses the data sheets or V-I curves provided by manufacturers of photovoltaic modules. The fuzzy logic model response was compared to the Shockley diode model. Both models showed similar results, 1.6% of maximum error. The proposed methodology, in combination with real sensors, provides the information needed for obtaining a data fusion algorithm and for building an intelligent sensor, as presented in the block diagram. Physically it is possible to build a low-cost intelligent sensor for photovoltaic monitoring modules performance and to build an intelligent sensors network and monitor the performance of photovoltaic systems, which could be used to reach the aims of the Industry 4.0","PeriodicalId":319119,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128422339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}