Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan最新文献

{"title":"Pembangunan Ekosistem Laut Berkelanjutan Melalui Keterlibatan Warga Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Mangrove di Desa Tanjung Rejo","authors":"Fazli Rachman, S. Yunita, Maria Margaretha Manik, Okbertus Bilanta Girsang, Eni Safitri, Tengku Muhammad Sabri, Nurul Halizah, Putri Yasmin, Juliandi Juliandi","doi":"10.24114/jk.v20i1.43782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v20i1.43782","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractMarine ecosystem development is a national agenda for implementing sustainable development goals. Utilization of mangrove forest areas into tourist areas. The use of mangrove forests as tourism in Tanjung Rejo Village reflects the development of sustainable marine ecosystems. This qualitative descriptive research aims to involve residents in managing mangrove forests in Tanjung Rejo Village. Research collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed using interactive qualitative data analysis techniques to then draw conclusions deductively. Since 2022 Tanjung Rejo Village has become a Mangrove Tourism Village. The potential of mangroves is utilized to become various mangrove tour packages. The potential of mangroves is utilized to become various mangrove tour packages. Mangrove tourism is able to support mangrove ecosystems by involving village communities through creative economic groups of residents who are regularly fostered by multi-stakeholder partners. Awareness of maintaining the quality of marine ecosystems through mangroves, along with increasing the added value of mangroves economically and socially for village communities. Achieving a balance of environmental, economic and social development is the main emphasis point in achieving sustainable mangrove ecosystem development. Mangrove forest management shows the participatory culture of the residents.------------AbstrakPembangunan ekosistem laut menjadi agenda nasional implementasi tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Pemanfaatan hutan mangrove menjadi wisata di Desa Tanjung Rejo mencerminkan pembangunan ekosistem laut berkelanjutan. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk pelibatan warga dalam pengelolaan hutan mangrove di Desa Tanjung Rejo. Teknik pengumpulan penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif interaktif untuk kemudian dilakukan penarikan simpulan secara deduktif. Sejak 2022 Desa Tanjung Rejo menjadi Desa Wisata Mangrove. Potensi mangrove dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai paket wisata mangrove. Wisata Mangrove mampu ekosistem mangrove dengan pelibatan masyarakat desa melalui kelompok-kelompok ekonomi kreatif warga yang secara berkala dibina oleh mitra multipihak. Kesadaran menjaga kualitas ekosistem laut melalui mangrove, seiring dengan peningkatan nilai tambah mangrove secara ekonomi dan sosial bagi masyarakat desa. Pencapaian kesimbangan pembangunan lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial menjadi titik tekan utama pencapaian pembangunan ekosistem mangrove yang berkelanjutan. Pengelolaan hutan mangrove menunjukan budaya partisipatif warga.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75413874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eksistensi Peran Guru Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam Membangun Disiplin Belajar Peserta Didik di SMA Mancengan Darussalam, Modung, Bangkalan","authors":"H. Hendri, Lili Nurlaili","doi":"10.24114/jk.v20i1.44064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v20i1.44064","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the existence of civics education teachers in building student learning disciplines at SMA Mancengan Darussalam. The approach in this study uses a qualitative approach, using descriptive methods. The subjects used in this study were Civics teachers and several Mancengan Darussalam SMA students as well as people or communities who have emotional relationships in school activities. In the process of obtaining data regarding the role of the Citizenship Education Teacher in building student learning discipline, researchers used interviews, observation and documentation as instruments. The data analysis process used in this study is case study data analysis with a coding process. The results of the study show that Civics teachers have carried out optimization as a form of existence, and have also fulfilled their obligations in carrying out their role as teachers according to the regulations in Law Number 14 of 2005 concerning Teachers and Lecturers, namely: as facilitators, motivators, drivers, learning engineers, and learning inspiration for students.------------AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui eksistensi guru pendidikan kewarganegaraan dalam membangun kedisiplinan belajar peserta didik di SMA Mancengan Darussalam. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu guru pendidikan kewarganegaraan (selanjutnya, PKn) dan beberapa peserta didik SMA Mancengan Darussalam serta orang atau masyarakat yang mempunyai hubungan emosional dalam aktivitas sekolah. Dalam proses untuk mendapatkan data mengenai Peran Guru Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam membangun kedisiplinan belajar peserta didik peneliti menggunakan instrumen wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Proses analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data studi kasus dengan proses coding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan guru PKn sudah melakukan optimalisasi sebagai bentuk eksistensi, dan juga sudah memenuhi kewajibannya dalam menjalankan perannya sebagai guru sesuai peraturan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru dan Dosen, yaitu: sebagai fasilitator, motivator, pemacu, perekayasa pembelajaran, dan pemberi inspirasi belajar bagi peserta didik.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87475396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementasi Pembelajaran Tatap Muka Terbatas Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19","authors":"S. Sukmawati, Anita Anita, J. Jamaluddin, Hasdin Hanis","doi":"10.24114/jk.v20i1.43280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24114/jk.v20i1.43280","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThis study aims to describe the implementation of limited face-to-face learning during the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as describe how the solutions to stunned the Covid-19 Pandemic at One Roof 1 Ampibabo Public Middle School, using qualitative research methods with descriptive research types. The results of the study (1) the implementation of limited face-to-face learning in the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic was shifts to school, besides studying at school the teacher also used WhatsApp social media, only 15 minutes of rest time, 20 students in class, the distance between students sitting with each other complies with health protocols. The lack of parental assistance during learning causes students to be less disciplined, and students complain about assignments that are piling up. (2) The solution to overcome the implementation of limited face-to-face learning is that the school implements class shifts so that students do not come to school too much because there are restrictions on students in class so as to reduce the risk of Covid-19 symptoms.------------AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan implementasi pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas dimasa pandemi Covid-19, serta mendeskripsikan bagaimana solusi dalam mengatasi dimasa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMP Negeri Satu Atap 1 Ampibabo, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Hasil penelitian (1) pelaksanaan pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas dalam proses pembelajaran selama masa pandemi Covid-19 adalah sift masuk sekolah, selain belajar di sekolah guru juga memanfaatkan media sosial whatsapp, waktu istirahat hanya 15 menit, siswa yang berada di dalam kelas berjumlah 20 orang, Jarak duduk antara siswa satu dengan yang lain sudah mematuhi protokol kesehatan. Kurangnya dampingan orang tua pada saat pembelajaran menyebabkan siswa kurang disiplin, keluhan siswa mengenai tugas yang sangat menumpuk. (2) Solusi untuk mengatasi implementasi pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas yaitu pihak sekolah menerapkan sift kelas agar siswa tidak terlalu banyak datang kesekolah karena ada pembatasan siswa dalam kelas sehingga dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya gejala Covid-19.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83722633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representasi Bad Mother Dalam Film Pengabdi Setan","authors":"Narita Pertiwi","doi":"10.25139/jkm.v6i2.5157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25139/jkm.v6i2.5157","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini dimulai dengan adanya animo film horror di kalangan masyarakat dan polemik generasi dengan masa transisi yang dihadapi. Melalui film Pengabdi Setan, film ini menyiratkan nilai konservatif mencakup dua hal tersebut. Penulis bertujuan memberikan prespektif baru dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian terdahulu hanya memberi pandangan ilmiah dari sisi ibu saja tanpa memberikan prespektif yang baru mengenai keterlibatan generasi dalam film tersebut. Dengan analisis wacana kritis dispositif bisa digunakan untuk menganalisis secara luas dalam lingkup karya film, penguat data dalam penelitian ini berupa wawancara dengan penulis yang membuat karya dengan pola cerita yang sama. Penulis menemukan peran nilai konservatif melalui figur Hantu Ibu memberi kesadaran akan rahim perempuan dibentuk menjadi Bad Mother dalam visual maupun tekstual serta hubungannya dengan transisi generasi muda.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135081120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penggunaan telemarketing sebagai media dalam meningkatkan Jumlah nasabah asuransi jiwa dan kesehatan","authors":"None Guntur Ajiselo, Siti Nursanti, Flori Mardiani Lubis","doi":"10.25139/jkm.v6i2.5140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25139/jkm.v6i2.5140","url":null,"abstract":"Pada dunia bisnis asuransi kenyamanan pelanggan adalah hal yang sangat diutamakan. Kualitas pelayanan menjadi faktor terpenting untuk dapat bersaing di sektor industri jasa asuransi. Inovasi yang terus berkelanjutan tentunya dapat menjadi daya tarik bagi para nasabah atau calon nasabah. Tidak terkecuali dengan PT AXA Financial Indonesia. AXA Financial Indonesia memiliki motto customer first di mana pelanggan adalah hal yang sangat utama. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari strategi pemasaran yang dirancang untuk dapat bersaing dan tentunya mengajak lebih banyak orang untuk bergabung menggunakan produk asuransi yang ditawarkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan narasumber terkait. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori komunikasi pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat strategi apa yang digunakan, tahapan, serta hasil akhir apakah dengan strategi pemasaran melalui telemarketing yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan jumlah nasabah serta pemasukan perusahaan. Tidak hanya itu, dalam penelitian ini juga melihat apa saja yang menjadi hambatan dalam proses pemasaran melalui telemarketing.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134921777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological education: Concrete efforts in applying the concept of ecological citizenship in Malang","authors":"M. Syahri, A. Wibowo, Arini Dyah Mustika Pratiwi, Agus Tinus","doi":"10.21831/jc.v19i2.52857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v19i2.52857","url":null,"abstract":"The research aims to describe the role of schools in applying the concept of ecological citizenship at High Schools in Malang, analyze the implications of applying the concept of ecological citizenship to the environmental care character of students at High Schools in Malang, to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors in the application of the concept of ecological citizenship at SMP Negeri 10. Poor. This research method uses a qualitative type of research using a qualitative descriptive research design by managing research data in a descriptive form described in detail. The results of the study show: (1) the role of schools in implementing the concept of ecological citizenship in schools is quite good and is implemented through the vision and mission, school innovation programs, and school culture, then learning activities that are integrated into all subjects and extracurricular activities of eco generation, (2) The implications for student behavior are that students can apply their habits in school by having responsibility for their environment so that they can apply these habits outside of school in a sustainable manner, (3) factors that support and inhibit school success are the participation of all school members to commit together to protect the school environment. In addition, there is support from parents, school committees, related agencies, institutions, universities, and stakeholders who help develop school innovation programs and manage school infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47898024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The realizing good governance through integrated services in the era of society 5.0","authors":"R. Rifai","doi":"10.21831/jc.v19i2.53444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v19i2.53444","url":null,"abstract":"Administrative services that often occur are considered low quality due to a lack of human resources, unclear time certainty, and inadequate infrastructure, thus giving a lousy assessment from the community. This is the background behind the formation of the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No. 24 of 2006 regarding PTSP (One Stop Integrated Implementation Guidelines) to improve the quality of public services to the community organized by the government. However, the implementation of PTSP has yet to be implemented in all Indonesian government institutions because several institutions still have difficulties and doubts about its effectiveness. This is the author's background to discuss the Effectiveness of One Stop Administration Services for the Community. This study aims to determine whether there is effectiveness and a level of value in providing administrative services for the community through a one-stop line or system in City Y. The method used is descriptive quantitative with data collection techniques, namely observation, and interview documentation. Moreover, a questionnaire was distributed to 100 respondents selected by purposive sampling. The study results show that the one-stop administrative service is quite effective at 30%. However, it is insignificant in its effectiveness because it still requires adaptation to the system and improvements in various ways. A country can gain knowledge, prepare for the future, and self-actualize its citizens from the competency perspective.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of the right to freedom of expression in demonstration based on principles of a democratic state","authors":"Edi Sofwan, Muhammad Sopiyana, Ali Masykur Fathurrahman","doi":"10.21831/jc.v19i2.53464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v19i2.53464","url":null,"abstract":"Expressing opinions in demonstration is a right that has been guaranteed in the constitution and law. The arrangement is written in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Article 28E paragraph (3) and Law Number 9 of 1998 concerning the freedom to express opinion in public. A democratic country has a great respect for differences of opinion manifested in the form of demonstration. However, the freedom of demonstration is in the form of responsible freedom regulated in Article 6 of Law No. 9 of 1998. In this demonstration, the actions must respect the rights of others, so that no one is harmed by the demonstration. If someone is harmed, they must prioritize the principles of justice in accordance with applicable law. This study was conducted with a qualitative method approach, namely by using the type of normative research, by conducting a study of legislation (Statute approach). This study resulted that the demonstration arrangements regulated in the law must be respected by all parties, where the principle of legal protection is attached to demonstration participants and security forces to respect each other's democratic values in Indonesia. Furthermore, on the principle of right to freedom of expression in a democratic country, all citizens must have the same rights in any form of expression. If there is a party who is harmed, it must be resolved according to the applicable law, so that the Indonesian guarantee legal certainty from irresponsible parties to uphold democratic values, as well as freedom of opinion.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43637770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting student participation skills through student organizations","authors":"Y. Hidayah, Cheong Su Fen, A. Suryaningsih, Sukron Mazid","doi":"10.21831/jc.v19i2.53422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v19i2.53422","url":null,"abstract":"A student organization is a step used to improve students' basic norms, roles and learning functions in accordance with the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture number 155/1998. Conversely, Law number 12 of the 2012 government regulation amended in 2014 on the Implementation and management of Higher Education did not provide more details on student organizations. Student organizations under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia tend to be independent in their management with the establishment of Decree (S.K.) by the General Director of Islamic Education number 4961 in 2016. Therefore, this study aims to describe, analyze, and explore students' participation in fostering their organizations through a series of working programs. These programs were predicted to be a medium for students to participate in their communities after they had graduated from college. This is qualitative research with semi-structured interviews, observation, and literature studies as instruments to collect data from 24 informants from eight different campuses in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (D.I. Yogyakarta). The result shows that student participation in organizations includes cadre formation, leadership skills, and educational awareness. Implementing a working program is an operational concern for members on campus; therefore, it is a medium for a country to gain knowledge, prepare for the future, and self-actualize its citizens from the perspective of competency.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48698138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening nationalism and love of homeland in the global era through citizenship education as national defense education","authors":"Y. Ali","doi":"10.21831/jc.v19i2.53371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v19i2.53371","url":null,"abstract":"This study was to find out how to strengthen nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era through citizenship education as state defense education at STKIP Pasundan, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia. This study used descriptive case study method, where data were obtained through interview, observation, and documentation studies in the field. The results showed that the strengthening of nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era through Citizenship Education as state defense education at STKIP Pasundan, Cimahi has been going well, proven by students’ awareness on nationalism and love for the homeland. In addition, through citizenship education courses, students were inhibited in strengthening nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era. This study could conclude that strengthening nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era through Citizenship Education as state defense education as to minimize behavior that did not reflect love for the homeland in the global era. Besides, the process of defending the country through Citizenship Education requires continuous effort.","PeriodicalId":31732,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48529859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}