Medicinski Podmladak最新文献

{"title":"Trehalose as a potential therapeutic agent in different diseases","authors":"Danijela Stevanovic, Vladimir Trajković, Ljubica Vučićević","doi":"10.5937/mp74-41378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-41378","url":null,"abstract":"Trehalose is a natural, non-reducing disaccharide synthesized in some bacteria, fungi, plants, and insects. Due to its advantageous physical and chemical properties, trehalose can stabilize proteins and membranes, and protect cells from desiccation, heating, and freezing. Vertebrates do not synthesize trehalose, but the beneficial effects of trehalose have been demonstrated in numerous diseases as it eliminates aggregates, misfolded proteins, and damaged organelles, and reduces hyperinflammation and oxidative stress. Trehalose induces autophagy through nuclear translocation and activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in an mTOR-independent manner, but increases the expression of SQSTM1/p62 and has antioxidant properties in an autophagy-independent manner. Furthermore, trehalose induces apoptosis in tumor cells by increasing membrane fluidity through the activation of caspase 3, 6 and the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) pathway. Overall, in this review, previous knowledge on the therapeutic potential of trehalose in various diseases such as dry eye syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumors, was summarized, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of conventional CT examination, CT perfusion and tumor tissue texture analysis in predicting the risk of gastrointestinal stromal tumors","authors":"Milica Mitrovic-Jovanovic, Aleksandra Đurić-Stefanović, K. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.5937/mp74-41508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-41508","url":null,"abstract":"As the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can have significant metastatic potential with a high rate of dissemination to the liver and peritoneal cavity. Based on the modified NIH (National Institutes of Health) classification, these tumors are classified into four stages: very low, low, intermediate and high-risk tumors. For low-risk tumors (LRG), minimally invasive surgery with R0 resection is the most common therapeutic option, while for high-risk tumors (HRG), imatinib adjuvant therapy is included post-surgically. Preoperative risk stratification is important for determining the therapeutic treatment and the patient's prognosis. With modern advances in diagnostic modalities, imaging analysis is no longer limited to visual assessment. As a modality of functional multidetector CT diagnostics, CT perfusion enables the quantification of tumor vascularization, while texture analysis provides a quantitative assessment of the degree of tumor heterogeneity, which overall can help in differentiating the metastatic potential of these tumors. The importance of morphological characteristics of tumors obtained by conventional CT examination in risk prediction has already been proven by numerous studies, and it is considered that, together with the advanced CT techniques mentioned above, it can provide a predictive model for the preoperative assessment of GIST risk stratification.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between the number of breast duct cells expressing androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptors and the size of the changed tissue in patients with gynecomastia","authors":"Danilo Mladenović, A. Nikolić, Duško Dunđerović","doi":"10.5937/mp74-38645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-38645","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Gynecomastia is an abnormal growth of the male breast due to excessive proliferation of ductal epithelial cells. It usually occurs during puberty, so the influence of hormones on the stimulation of ductal cells is indicative. Androgen, estrogen and progesterone are steroid hormones that exert their influence by binding to intracellular receptors and thus activating transcriptional mechanisms, i.e. act as trophic factors. Material and methods: A retrospective study for the period 01.01.2021-31.12.2021 was performed and 6 patients were found, of which in two cases left and right breast gynecomastia surgeries were performed. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained slides and corresponding paraffin blocks were taken from the archive, and a tissue microarray was constructed, with 4 tissue cylinders for each tissue sample. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors. The obtained slides were scanned on a Leica Biosystems Aperio AT2 slide scanner, and image analysis was performed in the Aperio Image Scope program. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by the EZR R Commander program. Results: Of the 8 samples, none showed significant androgen receptor expression. Statistical analysis of the number of cells expressing estrogen receptors (p s = 0.03676; rho = 0.7619048) progesterone (p s = 0.002439; rho = 0.8982197) and the volume of tissue removed showed a statistically significant positive correlation. Conclusion: The obtained results confirm the hypothesis that the volume of removed breast tissue in patients with gynecomastia correlates with the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, but further research on a larger sample is necessary for more reliable conclusions.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of static magnetic field on bone mineral content in aging rats","authors":"Dimitrije Ćejić, Luka de","doi":"10.5937/mp73-33441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-33441","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aging is defined as a consequence of progressive accumulation of metabolic waste, which results in development of various disorders in the structure and function of cells over a number of years. It is followed by loss of bone tissue, where bones become less firm. The cycle of bone remodeling with age becomes longer, and the degree of bone mineralization decreases. Static magnetic fields (SMF) are stable magnetic fields that can be natural or artificial. Their moderate intensity (1mT-1T) affects physiological processes, cells, genetic material, behavior and development. So far, numerous studies have shown different effects of static magnetic fields on cell cultures, experimental animals, and the human population. Aim: Aim of this study was to determine the effect of static magnetic field (SMF) on bone mineral content (BMC) values in aging rats. Material and methods: Male Wistar rats, 3 years old, were used in the experiment. A total of 18 animals were divided into two groups: exposed (experimental group) and unexposed (control group). Nine animals from the experimental group were exposed to 30mT intensity static magnetic field for 10 weeks, while nine control rats were not exposed to the static magnetic field. Bone mineral content was measured by DXA (Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Results: Based on the experiment, it was found that after the exposure to the static magnetic field, in the experimental group, there is a statistically significant increase in the value of BMC in the trunk region and ribs region. In all other regions of interest: head, legs, pelvic bone, spine, total BMC - there were no statistically significant changes in BMC values. Conclusion: In the conducted experiment, a higher increase in the value of BMC was found in animals exposed to the SMF, compared to animals that were not exposed to the static magnetic field.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71006537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland: Modern diagnostic approach","authors":"Milena Mihajlović, E. Manojlović-Gačić","doi":"10.5937/mp73-37336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-37336","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) are neuroendocrine tumors originating from adenohypophyseal cells. Although benign, PitNETs sometimes exhibit aggressive biological behavior that was the inspiration for the change of old and traditional name \"pituitary adenomas\". Current standard in PitNET diagnostics, according to WHO criteria, is immunohistochemistry, with application of antibodies to adenohypophysis hormones and transcription factors TPIT (T-box family member TBX19), PIT1 (pituitary transcription factor 1) and SF-1 (steroidogenic factor-1) according to which, the line of differentiation is assessed. In the PIT1 line of differentiation there are somatotroph, lactotroph and thyrotroph tumors. Somatotroph tumors are from PIT1 lineage that produce growth hormone (GH). The WHO defines the following subtypes of somatotroph tumors: densely granulated and sparsely granulated somatotroph tumor. Lactotroph tumors are the most common neuroendocrine tumors of the pituitary gland. The transcription factors PIT1 and the estrogen receptor a (ERa) play a key role in their genesis. There are two subtypes of lactotroph tumors, densely and sparsely granulated that are differentiated by the type of prolactine (PRL) staining pattern. Thyrotroph tumors expess both PIT1 and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), and can show variable positivity for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Beside these three main tumor types of PIT1 lineage, there are mixed lactotroph and somatotroph tumors, mamosomatotroph tumor, acifophilic \"stem cell\" tumor, mature and immature plurihormonal tumor. Corticotroph tumors express transcription factor TPIT, and produce adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). They can be densely granulated and sparsely granulated. Rare subtype of corticotroph tumors, that can show aggressive biological behavior, is Crooke cell tumor. Gonadotroph tumors are of SF1 lineage of differentiation, and they produce follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Null-cell tumors show no distinct cell lineage, and do not express any of the transcription factors. With the use of transcription factors, these tumors are diagnosed through elimination, and their number tented to decrease.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphological skin changes in the wound healing process after surgical intervention","authors":"Martin Neorčić, Aleksandra Fejsa-Levakov","doi":"10.5937/mp73-39349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-39349","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The process of wound healing is best represented by an uninfected surgical wound. It is characterized by the formation of granulation tissue, with migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, neoangiogenesis and production of extracellular matrix. Granulation tissue is gradually replaced by scar made up of connective tissue and, in most cases - the process is ended up in three or four weeks. The whole process takes about six weeks and a newly formed scar has approximately 90% of strength of the intact skin. Aim: The aim of this paper is the examination of histomorphological changes in the skin during wound healing by first intention. Material and methods: Six groups are formed based on the age of the wounds. In each group we searched for changes in epidermis, collagen fibers, fibroblasts, capillaries, inflammatory infiltrate and hypodermis. Tissue biopsies were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Mallory trichrome stain, silver impregnation and immunohistochemically for CD31, collagen IV and h-caldesmon. Results: Analyzing the wounds in different stages of healing we have observed histomorphological changes that could be described chronologically. In each group we chose the most representative biopsy with visible location of surgical cut, and clear histological changes of the repairing process specific for every period. Conclusion: After the surgical incision, the process of skin repair takes place to form a new scar made up of tissue different from the surrounding intact skin. The scar shows irregular architectonics of collagen fibers, loss of skin appendages in dermis, and thicker epidermis.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic modalities and physical therapy in patients with Carpal tunnel syndrome","authors":"Darko Bulatović, D. Nikolić","doi":"10.5937/mp73-39023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-39023","url":null,"abstract":"Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) represents one of the most common compressive peripheral neuropathies on the upper extremities, and is characterized by compression of the medial nerve on its way through the carpal tunnel area. The first changes experienced by patients with CTS are sensory and occur mainly at night, and if they are not recognized and treated in time, they progress and become continuously present. Prolonged compression of the medial nerve in the region of the carpal tunnel can lead to permanent damage to this nerve, which can result in the patient losing the ability to distinguish between hot and cold, as well as atrophy of the thenar muscles and difficulty in palmar abduction of the thumb. The diagnosis of CTS is generally made based on the patient's symptoms, clinical history and anamnesis, as well as electrodiagnostic tests. In addition to these methods, provocative tests, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultrasound examinations are used in the evaluation of CTS. In patients with CTS, a large number of treatment methods, both surgical and non-surgical, are used in clinical practice. Myofascial massage, ultrasound, interference currents, continuous short-wave diathermy, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) have been shown to be beneficial in reducing pain and symptoms or improving function in patients with CTS in the short and medium term. It was also pointed out that there are no firm conclusions about optimal doses and therapeutic parameters. A better understanding of the etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of CTS, as well as the effects of certain therapeutic modalities in the treatment of this condition, will contribute to further understanding of the origin and progression of CTS, as well as the possibilities of prevention and treatment of these patients in order to improve the quality of their life and the functionality of the affected limb.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aura in temporal lobe epilepsy: Correlation with postsurgical outcome","authors":"J. Milenkovic, N. Vojvodić","doi":"10.5937/mp73-33394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-33394","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Aura is a subjective feeling that represents warning of the incoming seizure and it is the very beginning of the epileptic seizure. Epilepsy is a chronical disease which manifests itself through spontaneous repetition of epileptic seizures. Aim: Determine the differences between characteristics of auras in patients with pharmacoresistant temporal epilepsy which were in remission after the surgically treatment and patients who had recurrent seizures after the procedure. Material and methods: Retrospective study includes patients with focal pharmacoresistance epilepsy treated in the Neurology Clinic, Epilepsy Department, Clinical Center of Serbia in the period between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2019. After treatment by resective surgery the patients were postoperatively tracked for one year. The information that were collected were about the duration of epilepsy, the presence of febrile seizures, lateralization of the ictal and interictal EEG, and number and type of the auras that patients had. Chi-square and Fisher's test will be used in order to assess the difference in frequency between examined variables according to postsurgical outcome. Results will be considered as significant if p ≤ 0.05. Analysis done in IBM SPSS ver. 21. Results: Total number of the patients in this study is 132 - 57 male and 75 female. The most common type of the aura was mesial temporal aura and it was present in 77 (58.3%) patients, and after that by frequency comes nonspecific aura (12.1%). Up to 50% of the patients had only one aura, and 17 (12.9%) patients were without auras. A number of 110 patients had favorable outcome, and 22 patients had non-favorable outcome. There was no statistically significant difference found at frequency of examined variables according to postsurgical outcome (p > 0.05). The statistically significant difference in localization of the interictal EEG according to epileptic focus was discovered (p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in frequency of listed variables according to outcome.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and comorbidities in bullous pemphigoid in the period from January of 2019 to the January of 2021","authors":"Miloš Radičević, S. Minić","doi":"10.5937/mp73-33455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-33455","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune bullous dermatosis that most commonly occurs in elderly patients. Due to its pathogenesis and treatment of the disease, it can also affect the development of comorbidities. Aim: Determination of comorbidities and their frequency in patients with bullous pemphigoid, as well as their distribution by sex and the estimation of the duration of dermatosis from the onset of symptoms to data collection. Material and methods: In the period from January 2019 to January 2021, a number of 80 patients was analyzed. Basic patient data (age, sex, time of illness) and data on accompanying comorbidities were obtained. Data were categorized based on the ICD-10 classification into groups of diseases, as well as individual diseases that occurred frequently in the population. Results: Of the total number of respondents, 41.3% were male and 58.8% female. The average age of the respondents was 75.8 years, 76.45 years for men and 75.36 years for women. The period from the onset of symptoms to data collection was 3 months, while the average age of the disease in all subjects was 74.4 years. The most common comorbidities were hypertension 73.75%, psychiatric diseases 25%, type 2 diabetes mellitus 25%, other skin diseases 21.25%, urinary tract disorders 18.75%, ischemic heart disease 12.5%, type 1 diabetes mellitus 10%, kidney disease 8.75%, neurological disease 6.25%. Comorbidities were statistically more common in female patients: hypertension, ischemic heart disease, skin diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: In our study, bullous pemphigoid is confirmed the disease is of the elderly, predominantly female. Female patients suffer from some comorbidities more often. The period from the onset of symptoms to the collection of data is about 3 months. It is also showed that there are a number of comorbidities in the studied pemphigoid population, however, a large number of studies are needed to determine their association.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71006563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The frequency of infection with high-risk human papilloma virus types on the cervix uteri of women of reproductive age","authors":"Jovan Prelić, A. Knežević","doi":"10.5937/mp73-33477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-33477","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human papilloma virus is the most important etiological factor that leads to the malignant alteration of cervical epithelium. More than 200 types of human papillomavirus are identified. Based on its oncogenic potential, human papillomavirus can be classified as low-oncogenic and high-oncogenic types. Aim: To determine the frequency of infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses in the cervical swabs of reproductively active women in our population. Material and methods: The research is designed as descriptive study. Data on the presence of HPV infections, as well as the virus genotype in 707 cervical swabs from the period from January 2019 to August 2020, together with the correlation with the woman's age and cytological status on the cervix, were analyzed. Results: Human papilloma virus infection was present in 223 out of 707 tested samples (31.54%). The highest frequency of HPV infection, as well as the highest number of HPV genotypes was in the group of women aged 25 - 34 years (36.32%). The frequency of HPV infection correlates with altered cytological status. The presence of 26 HPV genotypes was determined, 16 highly oncogenic and 10 low oncogenic types, of which the most common was highly oncogenic type 16 (25.11%). Conclusion: These findings showed a high frequency of highly oncogenic HPV genotypes, primarily type 16 in most groups of women of reproductive age. In addition, the frequency of infection correlates with cytological status, which indicates the great importance of prevention of genital HPV infection in our female population.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71006621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}