2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)最新文献

{"title":"UV Meter for Testing Quality of Water treated by a Solar Water Disinfection System","authors":"Javier Urquizo, Christa Cook, Wesley Shugart-Schmidt, Viviana Villavicencio, Pritpal Singh","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342920","url":null,"abstract":"Access to sustainably managed treated water is a basic human right. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have set targets for improving both water quality and access to clean water. Meeting these targets have become a priority for hundreds of international NGOs, as well as bilateral and multilateral development agencies. Consumption of untreated or mismanaged water can lead to negative health outcomes including parasites, diarrhea, chronic malnutrition, and gastrointestinal disease. These effects are multiplied among vulnerable populations like children, the elderly, and the disabled. This paper describes the development of a prototype device that looks to improve user confidence in the use of Solar Disinfection (SODIS) for water treatment. The system, SoCo for SODIS (Solar Confidence for Solar Disinfection) seeks to address the issue of treated water access, by providing a solution that requires very minimal maintenance (once installed), minimal need for trained operators, and aims to minimize supply chain issues. Because there is little effort required of the user, there is a decreased chance that users will prefer to consume untreated water as an alternative. The technology is currently in the prototype phase and the authors are looking to perform field tests to validate the performance, weatherize and improve ruggedness, as well as receive and implement feedback from end-users.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116322513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Entrepreneurship Intention Questionnaire Applied to Students in Perú","authors":"Alberto Un Jan, G. Figueroa","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342951","url":null,"abstract":"Entrepreneurship is an important key to progress and development in Perú. The Peruvian government is making an effort to promote entrepreneurship. It is desirable that this research explains variables to improve entrepreneurship in Perú and, therefore, obtain the results of having an increased number of young entrepreneurs in the country. This research identifies variables that influence entrepreneurial intention among university students in Perú. The following variables are included: role model, self-employment experience, and work experience. Data are reported on the population, the gross domestic product, per capita income and the level of entrepreneurship in Perú. Previous studies in Spain and Taiwan show that \"attitude toward behavior\" and \"perceived behavioral control\" influence \"entrepreneurial intention.\" This research adds a third comparison: students in Perú are compared with students in Spain and Taiwan. The role model is found to influence attitude toward behavior and toward perceived behavioral control. Previous studies show that the university environment is a starting point for young entrepreneurs. Private universities promote student participation in activities throughout the five years of studies. The variety of activities includes invitations to parents to show student progress through projects and research done by students.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125133511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key Factors of Design: 3D Printed Occupational Therapy Products in Developing Communities","authors":"Lucy Spicher, J. Gershenson","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342963","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the initial determination of key factors of design desirability for 3D printed occupational therapy products in rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. As most disabled persons worldwide are living in low-income countries, it is crucial to have supply chains to provide access to appropriate therapy tools. 3D printing technology can address poverty in these countries by addressing individual product needs and improving industrial capabilities. It has been proven that 3D printing technology can be employed to produce feasible and viable products, but the key issue of product desirability is currently unaddressed. This paper addresses the problem of misunderstood design desirability to provide appropriate occupational therapy tools in this market. To address this issue, all known occupational therapists in Kisumu County, Kenya were interviewed about eleven key factors of design desirability. Of the ten hospitals with occupational therapy programs, six occupational therapists were interviewed, first informally to understand their experience and perception of 3D printing and then formally to understand their unique desires for appropriate products. These interviews suggested that portability, customizability, and cost are the most important considerations when designing new occupational therapy products. Patients cannot afford transportation to large hospitals, increasing the value of home programs. Patient needs are not met by traditional devices, and therapists are eager to work with designers to create appropriate, customized products. Occupational therapy is viewed as \"less critical\" than other departments, so budgets are low. To make claims with greater specificity, therapists in the additional 47 counties in Kenya need to be interviewed. The length and depth of the survey should be extended to provide better, quantitative data. Once a specific determination is made, these desirability factors should be used to guide product design of 3D printed occupational therapy tools to provide appropriate occupational therapy tools, increasing the availability of effective care for patients seeking education and employment.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116836665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dimensions of Food Insecurity in Sierra Leone: Cues for Technology Innovation","authors":"Jennifer Volz, P. Canagarajah, Khanjan Mehta","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342912","url":null,"abstract":"The broad issues of access, stability, availability, and utilization of food are deeply affected by individuals' socioeconomic decisions at the household level. This article synthesizes 100 interviews with rural and urban residents, farmers, and food vendors in rural central Sierra Leone to provide a detailed picture of their food security situation at a household level. These interviews provide specific information about daily meal contents and preparation, differences between urban and rural settings, and popular dishes. Additional insights include market interaction, barriers to participation, food purchasing behaviors, and seasonal variations. Respondents also explained their primary sources of nutrition education and their perceptions surrounding this knowledge. The authors synthesize these insights into discussions on four dimensions of food security: access; stability; availability; and utilization. Based on these findings, the authors present several potential leverage points for technology innovation. The first focuses on transportation and infrastructure along with shortening of supply chains and increased market access. The second is a concentration of national and community efforts on practical nutrition education and specific food preparation alternatives. Finally, the authors suggest that more efficient, appropriate cultivation technologies such as low-cost greenhouses could help Sierra Leone address challenges across all four dimensions of food security.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114753813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Band Communications for DC Microgrids","authors":"Austin Burnham, Joseph Decuir, Michael Lee, W. Phang, Elaine Reeves, Timothy Tran","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342958","url":null,"abstract":"DC microgrids contain DC power sources, storage, and loads. These microgrids use low data-rated communication to manage the DC voltage and current. The student engineering team have simulated and tested an in-band communications mechanism for use on unshielded DC power wires. This mechanism uses transceivers designed for unlicensed wireless communication using deliberately reduced signal power, in order to minimize radio frequency interference. The results of this work will be contributed to relevant IEEE 2030.10 and Open DC Grid standards.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116732289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Assessment of Solar Home System Rehabilitation in the Rural Community “Cerrito de los Morreños”, Ecuador","authors":"Viviana Villavicencio, Rubén Hidalgo-León, Javier Urquizo, Jaqueline Litardo, Alexis Lema, Pritpal Singh, Guillermo Soriano","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342861","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the impact of the Rehabilitation of Solar Home Systems (SHS) in the community of Cerrito de los Morreños in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from the community members using surveys to evaluate the impact of the systems in the community during the first year of operation. The surveys also evaluated the community’s understanding of the maintenance and operation of SHS. The results show how solar electrical power has provided the community with access to different services such as lighting, mobile phone charging, and connectivity through an internet service provider. These services are improving the quality of health and education, providing entertainment, supporting housework, as well as keeping the community members informed of current events. These results, in addition to a Social Return on the Investment (SROI) analysis, report on the impact assessment of the project.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114364885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcome from the Technical Program Chair","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ghtc46280.2020.9342900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ghtc46280.2020.9342900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125532042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"S4: Simple, Secure, Survivable Systems Human-first crisis technology design principles","authors":"K. Nabben, P. Gardner-Stephen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342856","url":null,"abstract":"Information technology has become embedded in almost every area of modern life. The many complex digital systems that support modern societies are now highly dependent on the correct function of complex and highly interdependent technological systems. Digital tools are increasingly becoming part of traditional crisis response efforts by government and non-government organisations. While digital tools have substantial capabilities to enhance crisis response efforts, they also pose significant risks to user communities when deployed in time-sensitive, vulnerable and fragile crisis contexts – as part of an already complex system. These risks and inefficiencies have been demonstrated in the contact-tracing application debate in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic.Technology must be intentionally designed and implemented, both to help solve the problem at hand and support end user com-munities. The principles of simple, secure and survivable systems (S4) offer a framework for technology that serves the interests of end-users and maintains human dignity, especially in crisis situations. The S4 principles are already evident in a number of technology projects, across research, design, build and deployment phases. Instead of high-risk, ad hoc, reactive digital solutions, crisis responders can pre-emptively share information, invest and work with existing technology design and development experts that reflect the S4 principles for efficient, effective solutions that enhance response capabilities both now and in future scenarios.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"20 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129215089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Capacity Maintenance During Global Disruptions: Security, resilience and incentives matter","authors":"P. Gardner-Stephen, K. Nabben","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342865","url":null,"abstract":"In an interconnected world, the challenge of maintaining interdependent systems during disasters and disruptive events, such as pandemics, bushfires, cyber-attacks and trade wars is imperative. The critical infrastructure capabilities to be sustained during disasters are many. COVID-19 has demonstrated how a public health threat can fracture the supply chains, including those that underpin digital systems, and degrade the capacity of software and hardware companies. Society must plan for such digital disruptions if it is to survive such shocks.We explore some of the reasons why this is necessary, including the issue of cascading failures, and examines how and in what form more resilient systems might take. This includes consideration of issues such as the need for incentives in order to drive and maintain adoption of resilient technologies, and how such incentives can be created as a natural property of well- conceived systems.We also briefly examine two initiatives that seek to solve some of the harder problems, including security, trustability, independence from energy and communications infrastructure, and the ability to sustain digital capabilities when digital supply chains fail. This remains an open area requiring attention, if society is to improve its resilience to significant shocks.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133595763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gamayun - Language Technology for Humanitarian Response","authors":"A. Öktem, Muhannad Albayk Jaam, Eric DeLuca, G. Tang","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342939","url":null,"abstract":"Over half of the world’s population do not have access to knowledge and information because it’s not available in their language. Translators without Borders (TWB) wants to change this with Gamayun, an initiative to promote language equality. Gamayun uses advanced language technologies to improve communication with people who speak marginalized languages in humanitarian and development contexts. In this paper, we present the early implementation results of the project in building machine translation and automatic speech recognition systems for various marginalized languages.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134091165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}