2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)最新文献

{"title":"The use of technology for the growth of the sustainability concept inside community","authors":"Thiago Matheus Martins de Moraes, Henrique Amon de Lima Viveiros, F. F. Jacintho, G. M. Camargo, José Feliciano Adami, Rubens Alves Dias","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342954","url":null,"abstract":"The \"Ponto Iluminado\" initiative consists of a wide range of technical actions in the areas of clean energy generation, energy efficiency, solid waste management and water savings together, creating a virtuous cycle of sustainability within the São Paulo State University – Guaratinguetá campus. The development of this model campus serves as a large laboratory for the entire local community and, also, having already received visitors from all regions of the country; in order to disseminate the concepts of sustainability and create a more conscious society regarding the rational use of natural resources. This project, which achieves 12 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, aims to change actions and customs through education and improvement of knowledge, acting, especially, in the conscious education of children and young people. Thus, creating a society capable of growing and developing with greater care for the environment and being capable of a better managing of its natural resources.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Water Insecurity with a Greywater Hydroponics System in South Africa","authors":"C. Edgerton, A. Estrada, Katya Fairchok, Michele T. Parker, Andrew Jezak, Claire Pavelka, Hohyun Lee, Laura Doyle, Andrew Feldmeth","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342850","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change, increasing human population, and continued environmental degradation all threaten access to clean drinking water. As approximately seventy percent of all freshwater is used for agriculture globally, these threats also pose a challenge to food security, especially in developing countries. To combat issues of local water insecurity, a hydroponics, or soilless farming, system was designed in partnership with LEAP 5 School in Jane Furse, South Africa. This system, which utilizes sustainable materials, a self-monitoring controls system, and greywater input, will act as an educational tool for students and significantly reduce freshwater use compared to traditional, in-ground agriculture. An education plan will accompany the implementation of the system to provide an avenue for community engagement and encourage the adoption of alternative, water-saving farming methods.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121496905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOxy: Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring","authors":"Navid Shaghaghi, Tiana Nguyen, Jayati Patel, Ariane Soriano, Jesse Mayer","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342916","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved Oxygen (DO) in water is the enabler of all marine life. As low oxygen levels are the first sign of contamination and distress in bodies of water, measuring its levels are the first step in discovery and preservation efforts. Furthermore, fish farms, aquariums, and other aquaculture are in need of continued dissolved oxygen monitoring and spend a lot of money on purchasing and maintaining their sensors or on ensuring that manual readings are taken on a daily or even more often basis. Current systems and meters are either expensive, inefficient, or manual. Hence a cost-effective and sustainable automated system is necessary and long over due. DOxy, is such a system under research and development at Santa Clara University’s Ethical, Pragmatic, and Intelligent Computing (EPIC) Laboratory which aims to utilize cost-effective, accessible, and sustainable Sensing Units (SUs) for measuring the dissolved oxygen levels present in bodies of water. DOxy’s SUs are equipped with a High-sensitivity Pulse Oximeter meant for measuring dissolved oxygen levels in human blood and not water. Hence through a number of parallel readings with a standard dissolved oxygen meter, a conversion formula was created for DOxy which enables accurate results.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126630907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding eVision’s Scope of Influenza Forecasting","authors":"Navid Shaghaghi, Andrés Calle, George Kouretas","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342864","url":null,"abstract":"According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) between 39 and 56 million people in the United States experienced flu like symptoms in the 2019-20 flue season. From which, 410 to 740 thousand were hospitalized and 24 to 62 thousand (most of them children or elderly) succumbed to the disease. Hence, the presence of an early warning mechanism that can alert pharmaceuticals, hospitals, and governments to the trends of the influenza season, would serve as a significant step in helping combat communicable diseases and reduce the mortality of child under the age of five. Both of which are among the targets for the 3rd United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal (SDG): to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.As reported in the [ACM Special Interest Group in Computers and Society (SIGCAS) 2020 Computers and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)] and [IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society (TEMS) 2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence for Good (AI4G)] Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks are utilized by Santa Clara University’s EPIC (Ethical, Pragmatic, and Intelligent Computing) and BioInnovation & Design laboratories for continued research and development of an eVision (Epidemic Vision) tool to predict the trend of influenza cases throughout the flu season. There we reported eVision’s success in making 3 to 7 weeks in advance predictions for the 2018-2019 United States flu season with 90.15% accuracy on 7 week predictions and delineated future steps of 1) expanding eVision’s scope to study the effects of augmenting predictions with concurrent data from neighboring, near by, and developmentally similar countries/states with similar environmental conditions and 2) the introduction of confidence intervals for the predictions in order to account for the average error and thus increase the trustworthiness of eVision’s results. This paper is to report that as a result of those steps, both the Californian and Chilean 7 week forecasts improved by 1.98% and 7.89% respectively.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126493494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rubble-penetrating S-band Life Detector using a Software-Defined Radio","authors":"Rodrigo Rafael Cruz, C. Ambatali","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342896","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes and landslides are common in the Philippines due to the country’s geography being situated along the Pacific Ring of Fire. In such events, structural collapse could occur and potentially trap humans inside. Rescue efforts either blindly search for the survivors or use expensive equipment to aid their search. Such equipment cannot be distributed to every local government unit. In this paper, we propose a low-cost light-weight vital sign detection system using radar technology. We have shown that a software-defined radio operating at the S-band can be used to detect human vital signs over a concrete wall. Due to its light weight, it can be mounted on a drone to improve the time it takes to rescue survivors.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133499509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing for Women: Radio-Based Seed Saving Education for Widowed Female Farmers in India","authors":"Kearney Newman, Ricky Marton, J. Higuera, Aarjav Chauhan, Rona Sadan, Heather Underwood","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342955","url":null,"abstract":"The agrarian crisis in India is characterized by high rates of male farmer suicides, which result in high numbers of widowed women farmers. These women face intense gender-based barriers especially surrounding economic inclusion. In this paper, we suggest the reintroduction of traditional seed saving practices coupled with a radio-based education component, and call for further research addressing the gaps in women-specific data in India.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125619452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation Load Optimization for Enhanced Agricultural Productivity in Rural Microgrid Clusters","authors":"R. Karunakaran, R. Ravikumar, K. Lakshmanan, M. Suresh, Vineeth Vijayaraghavan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342922","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a robust architecture for clustering pre-existing rural Indian standalone microgrids in close proximity to enhance the irrigation efficiency of the system leading to improved agricultural productivity along with alleviated overall costs. The Intelligent Energy Dispatching Grid (IEDG) comprises of Clustered Grid System (CGS) where the individual microgrids are integrated with each other in a participatory framework for effective energy dispatching and Centralized Storage Agent (CSA) which is annexed with the existing islanded system for effective storage and utilization of excess energy. Preferential servicing for agricultural loads is adopted to elevate the irrigation load efficiency under the Irrigation Load Preference (ILP) model. The proposed framework is implemented for a cluster of three incorporated microgrids where an increase of 22.61% is observed in the amount of water pumped resulting in a 9.1% increase in irrigation load servicing while preserving the domestic efficiency and lifetime cost of the system.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130934276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Charcoal Scarcity and the Limitations of Existing Cooking Fuel Alternatives","authors":"F. A. Hilario, Lauren Judkins, Jacob G. D. Rogers, J. Gershenson","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342925","url":null,"abstract":"The charcoal distribution chain has been widely affected in Kenya due to a logging ban that resulted from excessive deforestation. Now, roughly half of Kenyan households must spend half of their daily income to cook their food. Charcoal is made through the process of carbonization, in which wood is burned in an oxygen-limited environment, and is being mostly imported from Uganda. The common alternatives to charcoal have downsides including higher cost and inaccessibility. The goal of this paper was to analyze the fuel market to understand the bigger picture of how to solve the problem of charcoal scarcity. This was done by surveying over sixty charcoal users at households and a local Kisumu market to get an understanding of their fuel preferences and costs per meal. The data was analyzed to obtain percentages of different fuel types, numbers of total fuels, and frequency of fuel usage. The findings proved our hypothesis, which was that current charcoal alternatives are too expensive and difficult to use, and do not serve as a viable charcoal replacement; they did not meet the needs of the consumers. Thus, we have concluded that there is an opportunity space for a more sustainable and accessible cooking fuel source.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132425806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Client-Driven Project on Sustainability within First-Year Cornerstone Design","authors":"Sarah C. Ritter, E. Obonyo, Andrew S. Lau, S. Bilén","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342888","url":null,"abstract":"EDSGN 100 is the cornerstone engineering design course at The Pennsylvania State University. During the second half of the spring 2020 semester, students across 19 sections of the course were presented with the same design prompt: how can you improve sustainability at Penn State and in the local communities? Throughout the course of the project, students were expected to view their identified sustainability challenge and proposed solution from a systems perspective. In developing and evaluating their designs, teams were expected to draw connections between the sustainability challenge they identified, the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other grand challenges, and climate change solutions posed by Drawdown. Further, teams were expected to explore the direct and indirect impacts of implementing their proposed design on society, the environment, and the economy.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115349450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Synchronous Condensers for Enhanced Resilience of a Renewable Energy dominated Electric Grid","authors":"Sarbajit Basu, Vishwajit Roy, M. Giesselmann","doi":"10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC46280.2020.9342862","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive integration of renewable sources of energy has caused the number of conventional power plants to go down. This in turn causes a reduction of the system resilience, i.e. the ability of a system to recover from a fault. Synchronous condensers, when included in the grid, contribute to the fault current and provide voltage support thereby enhancing dynamic voltage recovery. This article summarizes the capacity of a synchronous condenser, when connected to the power grid with wind or solar power plants to compensate for reactive power compensation and injection of active power at their point of common coupling. A case, based on a local distribution network, is developed on a 33kV transmission line that feeds into several inductive loads. Simulations are performed in PSIM to display the enhancement of system stability and reduction in power losses while supplying reactive power by activating synchronous condensers to the grid with given practical grid rules.","PeriodicalId":314837,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116336925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}