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The Necessity of the Death of God in Nietzsche and Heidegger 尼采和海德格尔笔下上帝之死的必然性
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040103
Duane Armitage
{"title":"The Necessity of the Death of God in Nietzsche and Heidegger","authors":"Duane Armitage","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the philosophical perspectives of Nietzsche and Heidegger, tracing their analyses of the death of God and its aftermath. My aim is to clarify the diagnosis of this nihilism and its underlying causes, as well as evaluate the proposed remedies put forth by Nietzsche and Heidegger. Ultimately, I argue that the seemingly ambiguous consequences of the death of God are not only hopeful, but necessary, if human beings are to rise above and transmute a meaningless, resentment-laced existence, however, not by jettisoning Judeo-Christianity and its values, but rather by reinterpreting them.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141615082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Achilles’ To-Do List 阿基里斯的待办事项清单
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040104
Zack Garrett
{"title":"Achilles’ To-Do List","authors":"Zack Garrett","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040104","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the debate about the mathematical refutation of Zeno’s paradoxes surrounds the logical possibility of completing supertasks—tasks made up of an infinite number of subtasks. Max Black and J.F. Thomson attempt to show that supertasks entail logical contradictions, but their arguments come up short. In this paper, I take a different approach to the mathematical refutations. I argue that even if supertasks are possible, we do not have a non-question-begging reason to think that Achilles’ supertask is possible. The justification for the possibility of Achilles’ supertask lies in the possibility of him completing other supertasks of the same kind, and the justification for the possibility of him completing these other supertasks lies in the possibility of him completing yet more supertasks ad infinitum.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141612583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On Splits, Big and Little: Towards an Intensive Model of Media and Mediation 关于分裂，大分裂和小分裂：迈向媒体与调解的密集模式
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040102
Eric S. Jenkins
{"title":"On Splits, Big and Little: Towards an Intensive Model of Media and Mediation","authors":"Eric S. Jenkins","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040102","url":null,"abstract":"This essay forwards an intensive model of mediation contrasted with the extensive model implicit in much of media theory, which conceives of communication media as an extension of human faculties. An intensive model, instead, conceives of mediation as a phenomenological process of splitting or folding affective capacities. An extensive model results in a dualistic, essentialist theory of communication media and unresolvable normative debates about the connecting or disconnecting consequences of media. An intensive model avoids these limitations by diagramming various modes of mediation and illustrating how their consequences stem from alterations to intensive properties, thereby helping constitute subjects and media objects alike rather than presuming a media bridge between pre-existing subjects and objects. The essay employs a number of examples to illustrate the extensive model, including telephone conversations, cinema, animation, and social media. The essay concludes with the division of families over QAnon conspiracies to illustrate the analytic gain from an intensive model.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ontology of Artifacts in the Long Middle Ages: An Introduction 漫长中世纪的器物本体论：导论
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040101
Henrik Lagerlund, Sylvain Roudaut, Erik Åkerlund
{"title":"The Ontology of Artifacts in the Long Middle Ages: An Introduction","authors":"Henrik Lagerlund, Sylvain Roudaut, Erik Åkerlund","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040101","url":null,"abstract":"What is an artifact [...]","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proclus on ἕνωσις: Knowing the One by the One in the Soul 普罗克洛斯论ἕνωσις：通过灵魂中的 "一 "认识 "一
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040100
Van Tu
{"title":"Proclus on ἕνωσις: Knowing the One by the One in the Soul","authors":"Van Tu","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040100","url":null,"abstract":"At Plato’s insistence to become as godlike as one can, the Neoplatonists seek their salvation in union with the first principle they call the One, identifying this union as the highest end of philosophy. As with all aspirations, the transition from theoretical ideal to practical implementation remains a perennial problem: how is it possible for a person, as a mere mortal, to leave the person’s confined ontological station to unite with the divine, transcendent first principle? This paper is an attempt to reconstruct Proclus’ highly distinctive answer to this question of enormous importance through a close examination of his development of the late Neoplatonic notion of the One in the soul (τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν ἓν).","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Absurdity of Rational Choice: Time Travel, Foreknowledge, and the Aesthetic Dimension of Newcomb Problems 理性选择的荒谬：时间旅行、预知和纽科姆问题的美学维度
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-06 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040099
Craig Bourne, Emily Caddick Bourne
{"title":"The Absurdity of Rational Choice: Time Travel, Foreknowledge, and the Aesthetic Dimension of Newcomb Problems","authors":"Craig Bourne, Emily Caddick Bourne","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040099","url":null,"abstract":"Nikk Effingham and Huw Price argue that in certain cases of Newcomb problems involving time travel and foreknowledge, being given information about the future makes it rational to choose as an evidential decision theorist would choose. Although the cases they consider have some intuitive pull, and so appear to aid in answering the question of what it is rational to do, we argue that their respective positions are not compelling. Newcomb problems are structured such that whichever way one chooses, one might be led by one’s preferred decision theory to miss out on some riches (riches which others obtain whilst employing their preferred decision theory). According to the novel aesthetic diagnosis we shall offer of the Newcomb dialectic, missing out in this way does not render one irrational but, rather, subject to being seen as absurd. This is a different kind of cost but not one that undermines one’s rationality.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141576136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Personal Time and Transmigration Time Travel 个人时间和转世时间旅行
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040098
Cei Maslen
{"title":"Personal Time and Transmigration Time Travel","authors":"Cei Maslen","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040098","url":null,"abstract":"Lewis argued that although paradoxes such as the famous Grandfather Paradox can be solved, only a limited set of time travel fiction is consistent. In this paper, I discuss how to extend a Lewisian approach to a class of time travel fiction not considered by Lewis: transmigration or mental time travel fiction. To this end, Lewis’s definition of personal time needs refining, and this is the primary focus of my paper. I discuss some alternative refinements of Lewis’s definition: a Solely Mental definition and a Causal definition. I end by also applying these definitions to cases of reverse aging.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantum Mechanics, Fields, Black Holes, and Ontological Plurality 量子力学、场、黑洞和本体论多元性
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040097
Gustavo E. Romero
{"title":"Quantum Mechanics, Fields, Black Holes, and Ontological Plurality","authors":"Gustavo E. Romero","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040097","url":null,"abstract":"The ontology behind quantum mechanics has been the subject of endless debate since the theory was formulated some 100 years ago. It has been suggested, at one time or another, that the objects described by the theory may be individual particles, waves, fields, ensembles of particles, observers, and minds, among many other possibilities. I maintain that these disagreements are due in part to a lack of precision in the use of the theory’s various semantic designators. In particular, there is some confusion about the role of representation, reference, and denotation in the theory. In this article, I first analyze the role of the semantic apparatus in physical theories in general and then discuss the corresponding ontological implications for quantum mechanics. Subsequently, I consider the extension of the theory to quantum fields and then analyze the semantic changes of the designators with their ontological consequences. In addition to the classical arguments to rule out a particle ontology in the case of non-relativistic quantum field theory, I show how the existence of black holes makes the proposal of a particle ontology in general spacetimes unfeasible. I conclude by proposing a provisional pluralistic ontology of fields and spacetime and discussing some prospects for possible future ontological economies.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Moral Responsibility and Time Travel in an Indeterministic World 非确定性世界中的道德责任与时间旅行
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040096
Joshua Spencer
{"title":"Moral Responsibility and Time Travel in an Indeterministic World","authors":"Joshua Spencer","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040096","url":null,"abstract":"I have argued against the Principle of Alternative Possibilities using a time travel-based counterexample. Kelly McCormick has responded to my counterexample by arguing that the time travel scenario must be a scenario in which a time traveler’s actions are causally determined; hence, she claims, we should be suspicious of attributing moral responsibility to anyone in such a scenario. In this paper, I respond by arguing that one might be morally responsible in an indeterministic time travel scenario.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141550913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epistemic Injustices in Disaster Theory and Management 灾害理论与管理中的认识论不公正问题
IF 0.9
Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.3390/philosophies9040095
Alicia García Álvarez
{"title":"Epistemic Injustices in Disaster Theory and Management","authors":"Alicia García Álvarez","doi":"10.3390/philosophies9040095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9040095","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper argues that the standardised treatment of disaster research and practice perpetuates the production of systematic epistemic injustices against victims of disasters. On the one hand, disaster victims are often prevented from contributing with their opinions and knowledge to the processes of disaster mitigation and disaster conceptualisation. On the other hand, disaster victims tend to lack the hermeneutical resources to make sense of their experiences intelligibly, due to the existence of significant hermeneutical gaps in the hegemonic terminology on the matter. I argue that both forms of epistemic injustice, the testimonial and the hermeneutical, are sustained by an epistemic privilege between the Global North and the Global South in matters of disasters. The second group comprises what I categorise generally as ‘disaster victims’. I identify two forms of structural prejudice that operate against disaster victims: one is the ‘non-expert’ prejudice, and the other is the colonial prejudice. Finally, because of the intercultural nature of disaster environments, I discuss the field of ‘multicultural competencies’ as a useful form of unveiling and counteracting the epistemic injustices contained in both disaster theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":31446,"journal":{"name":"Philosophies","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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