2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)最新文献_第4页

A Welcome Message from the ISTAS21 Conference Co-Chairs ISTAS21会议联合主席欢迎辞

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629202

引用次数: 0

Algorithmic racism: Racial perception and socioeconomic dimensions in digital image banks 算法种族主义:数字图片库中的种族认知和社会经济维度

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629193

Emilly F. F. Lima, Rui de Moraes Júnior

{"title":"Algorithmic racism: Racial perception and socioeconomic dimensions in digital image banks","authors":"Emilly F. F. Lima, Rui de Moraes Júnior","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629193","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithmic racism can be understood as the reproduction of racist stereotypes and practices in computational mechanisms, such as search results and advertisements, due to the biased training of algorithms and databases that replicate and intensify structural racism. Recent studies show how digital image banks reproduce several of these stereotypes, contributing to the perpetuation of oppression and microaggression against subalternate groups. Intending to understand this process, the aim of this study was to investigate the representation of racial and socioeconomic perceptions in digital image banks. Searches were carried out in Freepik, Pexels, and Pixabay banks, using the keywords Poverty, Misery, Wealth, and Money, which are indicators of low and high socioeconomic status, respectively. These words were validated in a survey carried out by the researchers to find which words are most associated with socioeconomic indicators. Free image banks and keywords in Portuguese were chosen to bring the research method closer to the reality of the behavior of most Brazilians. The searches on the three platforms totaled 6200 images, independently evaluated by three judges who also assigned a valence (positive, negative, or neutral) to each one of them. In the preliminary analyses, although the words Poverty and Misery are considered indicators of low socioeconomic status, a significant amount of images (about 40%) were evaluated by the judges as medium and high status. In the results of the Wealth and Money indicators, 60% of the images are illustrations or photos of material goods, and among the few people that appear, most are white (78%). There is still a long way to go against the structural problems of society and their reflexes on algorithms, but studies like this are important to raise questions about the content we produce and consume, as well as the way we browse the internet.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114190473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deep brain stimulation: At your own risk 深部脑刺激:风险自负

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629205

Lauryn Remmers, Katina Michael

{"title":"Deep brain stimulation: At your own risk","authors":"Lauryn Remmers, Katina Michael","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629205","url":null,"abstract":"Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) surgeries are not new, although they were only granted approval in the U.S. by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2002 for advanced Parkinson’s Disease (PD). In 2016, DBS surgery was approved for earlier stages of PD. This does not mean that DBS surgery, generally considered minimally invasive, does not come without commensurate risks. The Mayo Clinic identifies DBS as a serious and potential risky procedure, whereby those eligible must carefully weigh pros and cons. The aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of deep brain stimulation surgery and to present the findings of available informational resources on 14 hospital and medical center web sites that were reviewed, pertaining to surgical procedures and policies: pre-operative to post-operative. The article focuses on critiquing available educational DBS materials and their adequacy in addressing potential risks of DBS surgery. The findings indicate that hospital informational resources on the DBS surgical technique reaffirm each other’s educational materials and that they positively inform patient decision-making. These factors can be linked to better post-operative recovery. However, the materials provided by the hospitals overemphasize the positive aspects of DBS with relatively little detail about potential side effects. This article also outlines the potential short-term and long-term side effects of DBS surgery as identified by the DBS educational literature found on the hospital web sites reviewed.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124040807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Automated generation of privacy policy using deep models 使用深度模型自动生成隐私策略

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629155

Nastaran Bateni, Rozita Dara

{"title":"Automated generation of privacy policy using deep models","authors":"Nastaran Bateni, Rozita Dara","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629155","url":null,"abstract":"Personal information protection and compliance with privacy regulations are becoming increasingly important due to a large number of security and privacy breaches. These privacy breaches can harm individuals in both personal and social contexts. Privacy policies are the primary means of communication with which service providers could inform users about the data collection and sharing practices. The content and transparency of these legal documents are of importance as they can help users make decisions about the service providers’ data privacy practices and can build trust with the users. Although many regulations and best practices have provided recommendations and guidelines on the content of privacy policies, research has shown that the content of these documents is usually incomplete and miss important topics. To address this issue, we propose and validate the use of automated generative models for creating the content of privacy policies. These generative approaches use deep learning models to generate enriched data practices and text for privacy policies. In this study, we trained two generative models (Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory bi-LSTM) on annotated privacy policies to automatically generate privacy data practices. Training and testing were performed on three levels of paragraph, sentence, and data practice. Our findings have shown promising results and have suggested that models trained on legal data practices using bi-LSTM algorithm create more accurate results.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131309205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Towards a community of care: Counterspaces for women in sTem education 迈向关怀社区:女性在sTem教育中的应对空间

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629141

Robyn Ruttenberg-Rozen, K. Hynes, Sarah Habibi, Sanya Cardoza, Jennifer Muchmaker

引用次数: 0

Neutralizing nature: Automation, agricultural technologies, and the morality of improvement 中和自然:自动化、农业技术和道德改进

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629187

Oron Catts, Sarah Collins, Ionat Zurr, Elizabeth Stephens

{"title":"Neutralizing nature: Automation, agricultural technologies, and the morality of improvement","authors":"Oron Catts, Sarah Collins, Ionat Zurr, Elizabeth Stephens","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629187","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural technologies (AgTech) associated with new developments in vertical farming, cellular agriculture, and precision agriculture, attract substantial venture capital investment. They rely heavily on automation and the promise of total control over nature, including the seasons, microbial activity, and the vicissitudes of plant and animal growth cycles. The benefits of these technologies are often expressed in both humanitarian and ecological terms, using the seemingly neutral language of sustainability, productivity, and efficiency. In this paper, we will draw evidence from the longer history of representations of agricultural modernization to argue that the desire to ‘automate nature’ and neutralize its unruly qualities is undergirded by a particular conception of value that has its basis in the morality of improvement. This morality has held specific religious, economic, and labor associations historically, as much as it has been taken to render particular social structures natural and inevitable. Our paper will map the contemporary social and ethical implications of this finding through a series of recent cases—such as The Open Agriculture Initiative (OpenAg), a failed “open resource to enable a global community to accelerate digital agricultural innovation”; and Just Eat, a chameleon cellular agriculture start-up—to seek to undercover the link between rhetorical and technological modes of neutralization.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Moral education and A/IS standardization: Responsible and ethical design through education 道德教育与A/IS标准化:通过教育进行负责任的伦理设计

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629212

J. Schoenherr, Jeanine A. DeFalco

引用次数: 0

A Welcome Message from the Organizing Chair 组织主席致欢迎辞

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629165

引用次数: 0

Combating disinformation with AI: Epistemic and ethical challenges 用人工智能打击虚假信息:认知和伦理挑战

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629122

Benjamin Lange, T. Lechterman

引用次数: 2

Prospective life cycle assessment as a tool for environmentally responsible innovation 作为对环境负责的创新工具的前瞻性生命周期评估

2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS) Pub Date : 2021-10-28 DOI: 10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629146

Zeynab Yousefzadeh, S. Lloyd

{"title":"Prospective life cycle assessment as a tool for environmentally responsible innovation","authors":"Zeynab Yousefzadeh, S. Lloyd","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629146","url":null,"abstract":"Life cycle assessment (LCA), which provides a framework for assessing the potential environmental impact of technologies across their life cycle, has been identified as a potential tool for environmentally responsible innovation (RI). Traditional LCA approaches are insufficient for RI because they tend to be retrospective and underemphasize stakeholder engagement. Recent framing studies on LCA of emerging technology, which includes prospective LCA, suggest that uncertainty, data availability, methodological challenges, applicable evaluations techniques, and type of decisions supported are related to technology and market maturity. This study evaluates this framing based on two prospective LCAs of emerging technologies conducted by the authors. Uncertainty and methodological challenges were related to technology readiness. However, data availability was a challenge regardless of technology maturity, and was best addressed by engagement with technology developers and end-users. Furthermore, questions explored and evaluation techniques used were more diverse than those reported by the framing studies and were related to both analyst and stakeholder interests and technology and market maturity. While initial framing provides important guidance towards incorporating anticipation in prospective LCA, future interactions must not overlook the importance of engaging with stakeholders to guide model development and inform environmentally responsible development and innovation.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125087937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2