LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Why is Child Labor Illegal?","authors":"Sylvain Dessy, J. Knowles","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.290085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.290085","url":null,"abstract":"We argue from an empirical analysis of Latin American household surveys that per capita income in the country of residence has a negative effect on child labor supply, even after controlling for other household characteristics. We then develop a theory of the emergence of mandatory education laws. If parents are unable to commit to educating their children, child labor laws can increase the welfare of altruistic parents in an ex ante sense. The theory suggests that measures that reduce child wages can make poor families better off, but that this may come at the expense of even poorer families.","PeriodicalId":314073,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133090696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Australian Institutional Investors Aim to Influence the Human Resource Practices of Investee Companies?","authors":"Kirsten A. Anderson, S. Marshall, I. Ramsay","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.976295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.976295","url":null,"abstract":"There has been considerable speculation regarding the effects of the growing prevalence of institutional investors in the equity markets on investee company behaviour. It has been posited that the growth of institutional investors may lead to the pursuit of what is generally referred to in the human resource literature as 'high commitment' employment practices in investee companies. This may be because institutional investors are using 'voice' mechanisms to pressure investee companies to adopt 'high commitment' human resource practices. These labour management practices typically involve managerial attempts to motivate and manage workers through a series of workplace practices that incorporate the interests of employees rather than through strict command and control structures. These might include investment in staff training and development, employment security, flexible workplace practices and self-directed work teams, investment in occupational health and safety, incentive pay, and 'partnerships' and consultation with employees and/or their representatives. The purpose of this study is to discover whether it is the intention of institutional investors to encourage investee companies to adopt 'high commitment' employment practices through case studies of twelve prominent institutional investors with funds invested in the Australian equities market and the Australian Council of Superannuation Investors (an industry body representing 39 superannuation funds). In the event that the institutional investor did seek to influence investee companies, we asked (i) why they seek to influence the companies, and (ii) what mechanisms they use to exert this influence. In the event that they did not seek to influence investee companies in this way, we asked (iii) why they did not and what barriers exist to taking into account companies' employment practices. We also sought to discover (iv) whether institutional investors take into account the employment practices of companies when making investment decisions, and if so, (v) what kinds of practices they take into account. In addition, we enquired into (vi) whether there are any differences between institutional investors, based on type, in relation to whether or not they have an intention to influence investee company employment practices, or the ability to do so. We are particularly interested in the difference between industry superannuation funds and other types of institutional investors. This difference is significant, first, because under the relevant legislation, industry superannuation funds are required to have equal representation of employers and members on their boards. In the case of industry superannuation funds, which are operated by parties to industrial awards, these representatives are usually employer associations and unions. Second, industry superannuation funds often manage their funds via external fund managers, whereas other institutional investors generally manage their funds internally","PeriodicalId":314073,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133078302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Immigration: Time for Europe to Play its Hand","authors":"S. Bertozzi","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1338049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1338049","url":null,"abstract":"The European Commission has recently rekindled the debate about a possible future ruling on economic immigration, including the conditions and procedures for entry and residence, the principle of Community preference and the rights of third-country workers. The purpose of this paper is to recapitulate the main phases of Community action in the area of legal migration for economic reasons, starting with the political mandate given to the European Commission by the Tampere European Council. It moves on to outline the EU’s current legislative programme to introduce policy instruments in 2007–09 for regulating the migration of specific categories of workers, some of which are aimed at easing the entry of highly skilled workers. It underscores the case for cohesive EU action in this controversial area in view of the need to improve the economic competitiveness of the EU and the risks posed by its ageing population.","PeriodicalId":314073,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115141123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advocates Should Use Applicable International Standards to Address Violations of Undocumented Migrant Workers in the United States","authors":"Constance de la Vega, Conchita Lozano-Batista","doi":"10.1163/EJ.9789004144835.I-599.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/EJ.9789004144835.I-599.181","url":null,"abstract":"This article seeks to provide migrant rights advocates with international legal arguments that can be used to address domestic human rights abuses when domestic law is inadequate and in violation of U.S. treaty obligations. It discusses applicable international law and suggests how these standards may be used to protect migrant workers. The article: describes the working conditions of undocumented migrants in the United States, highlighting recent violations of their human rights. It discusses Hoffman Plastics Compounds, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board, 535 U.S. 137 (2002), which limited the rights of undocumented workers, and its aftermath and in which there were no briefs detailing relevant international legal obligations and binding treaty law that might have affected the outcome. This law and the methods for raising it in the United States are covered, with a specific focus on violations of the right to organize in order to be free from exploitative conditions, the right to equality before the law, and the right to legal recourse.This article also appears as chapter 21 of Anne Bayefsky, ed., Human Rights and Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and Migrant Workers: Essays in Memory of Joan Fitzpatrick and Arthur Helton, (Leiden; Boston: M. Nijhoff, c2006).]","PeriodicalId":314073,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122052594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child Labor in Cote D'Ivoire: Incidence and Determinants","authors":"C. Grootaert","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-1905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1905","url":null,"abstract":"Child labor in Cote d'Ivoire increased in the 1980s because of a severe economic crisis. Two out of three urban children aged 7 to 17 work; half of them also attend school. In rural areas, more than four out of five children work, but only a third of them manage to combine work with schooling. Full-time work is less prevalent, but not negligible. Roughly 7 percent of urban children work full time (an average 46 hours a week). More than a third of rural children work full time (an average of 35 hours a week), with the highest incidence in the Savannah region. The incidence of such full-time work rises with age but is by no means limited to older children. The average age of the full-time child worker in Cote d'Ivoire is 12.7. These children have received an average 1.2 years of schooling. That child is also more likely to be ill or injured and is less likely to receive medical attention than other children. Urban children in the interior cities are far more likely to work and their working hours are much longer. Among rural children, those in the Savannah region (where educational infrastructure lags far behind the rest of the country) are most likely to work. Five factors affect a household's decision to supply child labor: a) The age and gender of the child (girls are more likely to work, especially when the head of household is a woman). b) The education and employment status of the parents (low parental education is good targeting variable for interventions). c) The availability of within-household employment opportunities. d) The household's poverty status. e) The household's location (calling for geographical targeting). With improved macroeconomic growth, it is hoped, child labor will decline -- but a significant decline could take several generations. Meanwhile, it is important to: i) Use a gradual approach toward the elimination of child work by aiming initial interventions at facilitating combined work and schooling. ii) Support the development of home enterprises as part of poverty alleviation programs, but combine it with incentives for school attendance. iii) Make school hours and vacation periods flexible (accommodating harvest times) in rural areas. This would also improve children's health. iv) Improve rural school attendance by having a school in the village rather than 1 to 5 kilometers away. v) Improve educational investment in the Savannah.","PeriodicalId":314073,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115836478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australia’s Role in the Global Governance of Migrant Labour","authors":"Giovanni Di Lieto","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3266294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3266294","url":null,"abstract":"It is in Australia’s best interest to promote and spearhead an international body dealing with issues of migration for the purposes of employment, here called the “Organization for Migrant Labour” (OML) for purposes of simplicity. The OML is seen here as the missing link in the international economic law area in comparison to a labour equivalent of the World Trade Organization. The hypothetical institutional architecture here proposed is grounded in current political and legal realities, thus taking into account the core normative issues, problems and literature that in recent times have emerged at the institutional, policy and scholarly levels. Accordingly, the following analysis seeks to tackle the major issue of state/OML interface, namely the extent to which Australia might derogate border sovereignty, as well as the effects of a globally structured migrant labour and its transnational arrangements on Australian social security aspects. Effectively, this submission argues that assuming leadership in the global migration governance discourse should be framed and justified in terms of reclaiming Australia’s sovereignty, rather than ceding it.","PeriodicalId":314073,"journal":{"name":"LSN: Transnational Labor Issues (Topic)","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129621567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}