{"title":"Room temperature phosphorescence materials based on small organic molecules: Design strategies and applications","authors":"Meixia He, Cong Ding, Hexiang Guo, Quhai Li","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240014","url":null,"abstract":"Room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted significant attention due to their applications in various fields such as information storage and encryption, organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), sensing, lighting and display, biological imaging, and photodynamic therapy. Traditionally, RTP materials can be efficiently developed using inorganic systems with noble metals or rare earth elements. Recently, many efforts have been devoted to the development of RTP materials based on small organic molecules. The strategies to construct RTP materials include hydrogen bonding, heavy atom effect, n–π* transitions, π–π stacking, donor–acceptor effect, and host–guest doping. Herein, we summarize the recent examples of RTP materials based on small organic molecules primarily focusing on their design strategies and properties. Moreover, their promising applications in information encryption, OLED, as well as bio‐imaging and phototherapy are discussed. The challenges and perspectives are given to provide inspiration toward the future development of organic RTP materials.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultraviolet‐visible‐near‐infrared light‐responsive soft materials: Fabrication, photomechanical deformation and applications","authors":"Peng Zhang, Guojie Wang, Haifeng Yu","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240016","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the advances in light‐responsive soft materials with fascinating properties and functions have attracted tremendous attention, which are also enlightening when attempting to achieve the goals of complex deformations, motions, or attractive applications by precise regulation. Attractively, light is not only a clean and inexhaustible energy but also can be controlled remotely, quickly and accurately in a non‐contact way. Moreover, light‐responsive soft materials are capable of amplifying photo‐triggered molecular changes at the microscopic scale into macroscopic deformations, that is, directly converting the input light energy into the output mechanical work, therefore enabling potential applications in the field of actuators and functional devices. To date, some wonderful reviews have reported the progress in photo‐driven soft materials. However, the research progress in ultraviolet, visible (Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) light‐driven soft materials containing azobenzene or other non‐azobenzene moieties has not been reported yet. In this review, we summarize recent progress in light‐responsive soft materials in terms of preparation methods, response wavelengths and potential applications. Firstly, the preparation methods of photoresponsive soft materials are introduced. Subsequently, photoinduced macroscopic deformations or motions are summarized, in which Vis and NIR light‐responsive behaviors are especially highlighted. Finally, the potential applications of photoresponsive soft materials are classified. To guide the future work for researchers, the existing problems and future development prospects of light‐responsive soft materials are proposed.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"58 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141344497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advances in 4D printing of biodegradable photopolymers","authors":"Yue Ma, Chih‐Jen Shih, Yinyin Bao","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240008","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, 4D printing has revolutionized the field of advanced manufacturing by fabricating structures that dynamically respond to environmental stimuli. During this process, shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) stand out, enabling transformations triggered by temperature, light, or other environmental factors, and show great potential for applications in biomedicine and beyond. Notably, biodegradable SMPs offer a compelling advantage in medical devices due to their ability to adapt within the body's temperature range and to be absorbed by tissues, reducing the risks associated with permanent implants. While extrusion techniques have laid the groundwork for 4D printing in biomedicine, vat photopolymerization methods like stereolithography and digital light processing are now at the forefront, favored for their high printing resolution and flexibility in material design. However, the search for suitable biodegradable materials for these advanced techniques continues, with current research focusing on developing systems that meet both the mechanical demands and degradation profiles required for medical applications. This review aims to critically analyze the advancements in biodegradable 4D photopolymers, particularly biodegradable elastomers, and discuss the challenges that lie ahead for their clinical translation.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"334 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feng Wang, Rong Lyu, Hongwei Xu, Rui Gong, Baofu Ding
{"title":"Tunable colors from responsive 2D materials","authors":"Feng Wang, Rong Lyu, Hongwei Xu, Rui Gong, Baofu Ding","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240007","url":null,"abstract":"One of the long‐sought‐after goals in responsive material development is to generate and tune colors for advanced and emerging applications such as dynamic displays, light‐emitting diodes, lasers, smart windows, chromic fabrics, high‐security encryption, and visual sensors. Benefiting from the atomically thin nature as well as strong optical interaction, two‐dimensional (2D) materials can serve as color‐generating centers for both chemical pigment colors and physical interference colors in solution, gels, films, and matrix interface systems, to offer new promises for color science and applications. Concerning color tunability, 2D material systems have been demonstrated as one of the ideal responsive materials to achieve the desired goals, including the change of composition, layer thickness, strain, magic angle, and thermally/photically/chemically responsive, magnetically‐responsive, electrically‐responsive, mechanically‐responsive. This makes it an attractive prospect for device applications such as optoelectronics, displays, and nanomedicine. However, to the best of our knowledge, no comprehensive review has been reported specifically on color‐centered aspects of 2D materials. In this review, we highlight experimental approaches and related applications for tuning pigment colors, reflective structural colors, and transmissive interference colors, and we refine the challenges and propose opportunities in future studies for the further development of color science in the 2D material system. Eventually, it is anticipated that this review will serve as a resource and source of inspiration for scientists, as well as open up new avenues for the advancement of color science and related fields in responsive 2D material systems.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"5 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in photo‐responsive carbon dots for tumor therapy","authors":"Huiqi Zhang, Yupeng Liu, Songnan Qu","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240012","url":null,"abstract":"The precision treatment of tumors with minimal side effects is associated with improved human health and quality of life. In recent years, phototherapy has attracted significant attention in tumor therapy due to its versatility, spatiotemporal controllability, non‐resistance, and minimal side effects. Carbon dots (CDs) are considered promising phototherapy reagents because of their simple preparation, facilitated surface modification, tunable energy bands, excellent electron‐transfer capabilities, remarkable photoelectric and photothermal conversion properties, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review summarizes recent advancements in photo‐responsive CDs for photodynamic therapy and the emerging photocatalytic therapy of tumors. Finally, the article discusses the main challenges associated with the development of photo‐responsive CDs for oncology therapeutics and strategies to overcome these challenges.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141104499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosensing materials for monoclonal antibody detection: An overview","authors":"Yuxin Zhang, Fang Fan, Yifeng Chai, Xiaofei Chen","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240006","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the continuous advances in the synthesis and clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), precision therapies that employ mAbs are essential. In recent years, extensive efforts have been invested in developing novel strategies or technologies for detection of mAbs. Given the availability of advanced biosensing materials, various assemblies of multifunctional materials can be prepared by intelligent design when evaluating targets for mAbs. This article provides an overview of the recent advances and functional applications of biosensing materials for mAb detection. Subsequently, we present the approaches by which mAb receptors are combined with materials to construct stimulus‐responsive analytical platforms that evaluate the contents and activities of mAbs in biological systems, enabling real‐time monitoring and diagnosis that could facilitate administration of mAbs during treatment. Furthermore, the review examines various applications of biosensing for mAb detection and implications in real‐world contexts; it also discusses ongoing challenges and future prospects.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"21 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transient and elusive intermediate states in self‐assembly processes: An overview","authors":"Ziyi Zhang, Ze Hu, Junfei Xing, Quan Li","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240009","url":null,"abstract":"The transient and elusive intermediate states are the keys in self‐assembly processes, which are common phenomena shaping the structure, properties, and functionalities of assembled materials across many scientific domains. However, the understanding about the intermediate states of self‐assembly process is always challenging and limited. In this review, we focus on these states by combining theoretical and experimental approaches. By examining a wide variety of self‐assembly systems that span from biological to metal–organic nanostructures, this review uncovers the wealth of intermediate states of self‐assembled materials. In addition to combining the current knowledge, it will identify challenges and provide a new insight into the opportunities for future research.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"21 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Yu, Pengzhi Guo, Jingwei Chen, Shaohui Li, Haizeng Li
{"title":"Recent advances in multifunctional electrochromic devices","authors":"Xin Yu, Pengzhi Guo, Jingwei Chen, Shaohui Li, Haizeng Li","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20240013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20240013","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochromic (EC) technology has been regarded as a promising energy‐saving technology in various applications, including smart windows, displays, thermal management, rear views, etc. Benefiting from the progress in electrochromic material synthesis, electrochromic electrode fabrication, and electrochromic device configuration design, the focus in electrochromic community has gradually shifted to multifunctional electrochromic devices (ECDs) in the era of Internet of Things. Multifunctional ECDs, such as electrochromic energy storage devices, multi‐color displays, deformable ECDs, smart windows, etc. have been showcased the ability to expand potential applications. In this review, the available device configurations, performance indexes and advanced characterization techniques for multifunctional ECDs are introduced and classified accordingly. The applications of multifunctional ECDs for energy storage, multicolor displays, deformable devices, self‐chargeable devices, smart windows, actuators, etc., are exemplified. The future development trends and perspectives of multifunctional ECDs are also overlooked. The aim of this review is to guide and inspire further efforts in the exploration of novel and advanced multifunctional ECDs.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"117 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141125344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wei‐Chen Gao, Jing Qiao, Junmei Hu, Ying‐Shi Guan, Quan Li
{"title":"Recent advances in intrinsically stretchable electronic materials and devices","authors":"Wei‐Chen Gao, Jing Qiao, Junmei Hu, Ying‐Shi Guan, Quan Li","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20230022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20230022","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsically stretchable electronics have gained extensive interest recently, due to their promising application in wearable electronics, bio‐integrated electronics, and healthcare devices. All of the components of such stretchable electronics need to be stretchable and mechanically robust to accommodate complex movements. The design and fabrication of robust intrinsically stretchable electronic materials represent a critical challenge in this emerging field. In this review, we focus on the latest studies of intrinsically stretchable electronics, covering the strategies for achieving intrinsically stretchable electronic materials, the recent progresses in the key electronic materials including intrinsically stretchable conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics, and the devices produced by them. Finally, some suggestions and prospects for the future development of intrinsically stretchable electronics are proposed.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"24 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139607929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stimuli‐responsive fluorescent hydrogels: Strategies and applications","authors":"Mengying Lei, Qian Wang, Ruirui Gu, Da‐Hui Qu","doi":"10.1002/rpm.20230027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/rpm.20230027","url":null,"abstract":"Stimuli‐responsive fluorescent hydrogels are three‐dimensional networked polymeric materials with tunable luminescence and dynamic properties, which play an important role as a water‐rich soft material in the fields of information encryption, bionic actuation, bioimaging, environmental monitoring, and luminescent materials. Compared with conventional hydrogels, their unique luminescent properties allow the visualization of microscopic dynamics within the polymer network. By rational inclusion of dynamic motifs, such as photoswitches, AIEgens, lanthanide complexes, and host–guest complexes, these materials are endowed with tunability of emission, shape, and phase in time and space in response to environmental effectors. In this review, we summarize the fabrication strategies that are mainly used by recently reported stimuli‐responsive fluorescent hydrogels and the applications of these materials.","PeriodicalId":313882,"journal":{"name":"Responsive Materials","volume":"32 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139532302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}