Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The effect of deficit irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.)","authors":"S. Amiri, K. Salimi, S. Ziaei","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.2618.1683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.2618.1683","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Lack of water resources and drought stress is one of the most important characteristics of arid areas. Therefore, selecting the resistant plant and appropriate irrigation method is the best approach to manage water resources in these areas. Furthermore, lentil (Lens culinaris Med) as a cold spring legume is one of the most suitable plant under these conditions. The deficit irrigation method is one of the most important options for decreasing water losses and maximize water use efficiency in arid areas. However, the purpose of this study was evaluation of managing drought stress using deficit irrigation and its effect on lentil production and water use efficiency in climatic condition of Saravan. Materials and methodsFor evaluation of deficit irrigation on lentil production a split plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station, Higher Educational Complex of Saravan during the growing season of 2018-2019. Main plots were including four levels of irrigation (60, 80, 100 and 120%). Sub plots were two lentil landraces (Baluchestan and Kurdestan). Planting was done on November 30. Moreover, irrigation was carried out in control (full irrigation) whenever 35% of allowed water depletion was extracted at soil depth of 20 cm. At each irrigation interval, the soil moisture was returned to the field capacity point at depth of 60 cm. The amount of deficit moisture content of different layers of soil was calculated from the following equation:MDControl= (Ɵ‌FC‌- Ɵ10cm) + (Ɵ‌FC‌- Ɵ20cm) +…..+ (Ɵ‌FC‌- Ɵ60cm) (1) In this equation, MD was the amount of moisture deficiency based on mm, ƟFC was the volumetric moisture content of the soil in the field capacity of the field and Ɵ 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and 60cm were the volume of soil moisture at a depth of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 cm, respectively.The amount of irrigation water for each plot in the control treatment was calculated based on the following equation:IControl= MDControl × A (2) In the equation of 2, I was the amount of irrigation water based on liter, MD was the amount of moisture deficiency (mm) calculated in equation 1 and A plot area (m2). Deficit irrigation was done at the same time as the control treatment, but irrigation was carried out at each irrigation interval according to different levels of deficit irrigation (60, 80).The amount of water at different levels of deficit irrigation was calculated as follows:I Deficit irrigation at 80 percentage= IControl ×0.80I Deficit irrigation at 60 percentage= IControl ×0.60Results and discussionsOverall, the results showed that the effect of deficit irrigation on grain yield, biological yield, harvest index, number of pods and seed per plant and water use efficiency was significant. The highest grain yield was obtained for Baluchestan cultivar in 120 and 100% water requirement with 680 and 643 kg ha-1, respectively. Furthermore, the highest harvest inde","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44840738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of seed priming and foliar application of anti-stress materials on quantitative and qualitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Adel cultivar under irrigation regimes","authors":"E. Zarei, S. A. Modarres-Sanavy","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.2503.1660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.2503.1660","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe chickpea is mainly cultivated in agricultural systems in arid and semi-arid regions and needs low input. Specifications such as the ability to fix nitrogen, deep rooting and the effective use of atmospheric depression have led the plant to play an important role in stabilizing crop production systems. On average chickpea seed contain 23% protein is highly digestible. Water deficit stress is the most important factor limiting the growth and agricultural products in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Drought stress is one of the most important factors in grain yield reduction of chickpea during pod formation and grain filling. Amino acids facilitate the transfer of food in the vascular system by improving the permeability of the cell membrane. In plants under drought stress or salinity, proline is widely used as an osmotic regulator. In fact, amino acids are the main chain in the protein structure, and in turn, are effective in plant growth. Increased proline in chickpea leaves is a mechanism for osmotic adjustment under water stress conditions. Using the priming method is one of the methods for improving seed function and increasing the quality of seeds in adverse environmental conditions, In fact, priming shortens the time from planting to emergence and protects seed of harmful biotic and abiotic factors in the critical stage of seedling establishment. These treatments also result in the emergence of uniformity, resulting in a uniform establishment and improved yield in the crop. Materials and methodsIn order to study the effect of Anti-stress materials priming and foliar application on quantitative and qualitative yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) Adel cultivar under Irrigation regime an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University as randomized complete block design arrangement in split plot with three replications. The main plots were included 1- optimal irrigation 2- Moderate Irrigation 3- severe Irrigation as withholding irrigation until depletion of 20, 45 and 70 percent of soil available water at root development zone respectively and then the plots were irrigated to field capacity from flowering to plant harvest. Priming and foliar application of anti-stress materials including proline, valine, alanine, commercial combination of amino acids and distilled water together with without anti-stress materials were randomized to the subplot units.ResultsThe results showed that priming and foliar application of anti-stress materials and optimal irrigation incresed the number of primary branches to the 58.31% and 36.38%, plant fresh weight to the 108.25% and 36.16%, chlorophyll a to the 40.90% and 68.35%, number of seeds/plant to the 74.48% and 34.66%, pod per plant to the 48.13% and 45.12%, duration of ripening to the 9.53% and 8.65, yield forage to the 30.56% and 39.44%, biological yield to the 65.16% and 44.82% in chekpea in compring with using severe irrigation and without p","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"99-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic parameters estimation and factor analysis of morphological and physiological characteristics of F2:4 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in germination stage under salinity conditions","authors":"Parvin Jarideh, R. A. Fahliani, A. M. Asl, A. Moradi, Maryam Hosseini Chaleshtory","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2504.1658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2504.1658","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionSalinity stress greatly affects crop yields especially in arid and semi-arid climates. The reaction of rice plants; with a special situation among other crops for supplying human nutrition, to salinity varies in different growth stages. Salinity tolerance in plants is a complex process in which morphological changes, physiological and biochemical processes are involved. In order to study the reaction of rice plants to salinity conditions and identification of tolerant genotypes, it is recommended to evaluate the salinity effects at salinity sensitive stages such as germination stage. The use of genetic diversity in crops is one of the most important interests of breeders in understanding the strategies for crops improvements. The aim of this research was to, estimate the genetic diversity of evaluated traits, study the effect of salinity on various morphological and physiological characteristics in the rice germination stage, determine the relationship between traits, and to identify the traits that affect the indirect selection of tolerant genotypes to salinity. Materials and methodsOne hundred seventeen F2:4 generation lines; obtained from the cross between Mousa Tarom and 304 rice genotypes, were cultured in two separate experiments; with and without salinity stress, in a randomized complete block design at the Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University. The seeds were placed in petri dishes in germinator at 25 ± 3 ° C. The number of germinated seeds of each genotype was counted during 14 days, and the seed length and weight vigor, germination percentage, seed germination rate, as well as the morpho- physiological characteristics of rootlet and shootlet length, rootlet fresh and dry weight, shootlet fresh and dry weight, Leaf proline, total soluble sugars and leaf protein content were evaluated. Results and discussionIn both the salinity stress and non-stress conditions, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (CVp) was larger than the genetic coefficient of variation (CVg) for all measured traits. Leaf proline, total protein and soluble sugars had the highest CVg in both the stress and non-stress conditions, indicating a wide diversity of the evaluated genotypes. The genotypes showed the lowest CVg and CVp under both the conditions for germination percentage. So, it can be claimed that the genotypes were not significantly different in their reaction to environmental variations.Proline heritability was 98% in both the salinity conditions. The heritability of protein content in stress condition (86%) was about 13 percentage points lower than non-stress (99%). Salinity stress increased 6 percentage points of soluble sugars (98%) compared to non-stress condition. Salinity stress also increased the heritability of germination percentage, shootlet length, shootlet fresh weight, rootlet fresh weight, and shootlet dry weight and Seedling length vigor index compared to non-stress condition. In non-stress condition, the highest positive and ","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42167348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی ارتباط بیان افزوده ژن P5CS و تغییرات برخی آنتی اکسیدان های غیرآنزیمی در گیاه تراریخت تنباکو تحت تنش شوری در شرایط کشت در شیشه","authors":"بهاره سادات خاتون آبادی, علی اکبر شمسی پور, امیر حسین فرقانی","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.1781.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.1781.1409","url":null,"abstract":"ژن P5CS (پرولین-5- کربوکسیلات-سنتتاز) کد کننده آنزیم کلیدی در مسیر سنتز پرولین است و به عنوان یک اسمولیت باعث افزایش مقاومت گیاه به شوری می‌شود. ابتدا گیاهان تراریخت حاوی ژن P5CS و غیرتراریخت انتخاب گردیدند. حضور ژن P5CS در گیاهان تراریخت شده از تکنیک PCR با پرایمر اختصاصی ژن NPTII:P5CS استفاده شد. به‌منظور بررسی صفات فیزیولوژیکی گیاهان تراریخت و غیرتراریخت به محیط کشت MS خاوی غلظت های 0، 100، 150 و 200 میلی مولار نمک (NaCl) منتقل گردیدند. پس از چهار هفته نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر وزن‌تر، وزن خشک و کلروفیل در گیاهان تراریخت در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرتراریخت در پاسخ به شوری کمتر کاهش یافت. همچنین گیاهان تراریخت سدیم کمتری را نسبت به گیاهان غیرتراریخت در برگ تجمع دادند. سطح ترکیبات فنلی، آنتوسیانین و فلاونوئید در گیاهان تراریخت کمتر از گیاهان غیرتراریخت مشاهده شد. بعلاوه در گیاهان تراریخت در تمام غلظت‌های نمک نسبت به غیرتراریخت افزایش معنی‌داری در میزان پرولین مشاهده شد. میزان اسکوربات در گیاهان تراریخت و غیر تراریخت تغییر معنی داری نشان ندارد ولی پراکسید هیدروژن در اثر تنش شوری در گیاهان غیر تراریخت نسبت به غیر تراریخت کاهش معنی داری نشان داد. بنابراین به نظر می رسد گیاهان تراریخت با افزایش پرولین و تغییر برخی از انتی اکسیدان های غیر انزیمی در گیاهان تراریخت مقاومت به شوری تنش شوری بیشتری نشان داد.","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"1031-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41335360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی برهمکنش تنشهای شوری، خشکی و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و برخی صفات فیزیولوژیک ذرت (.Zea mays L)","authors":"نسرین حیدری, یاسر علیزاده, حمزه علی علیزاده","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.1448.1321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.1448.1321","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionEnvironmental stresses are considered as the most important limiting factors in agricultural production in the world. About two-thirds of Iran's agricultural lands are located in arid and semi-arid regions and face drought stress. After drying, salinity is one of the most important environmental stresses in the world and in Iran. Environmental stresses have a negative effect on the growth and development of reproductive organs and decrease the economic and biological yeild of the plant. These stresses also affect many physiological processes of the plant and cause changes in plant physiological traits. Studies have shown that the absorption of the most of nutrients in plants under salt and drought stress is reduced. Nitrogen is the first food ingredient that is lacking in saline areas and is an essential nutritious element of the plant. Considering the major contribution of maize in providing human food, livestock and industrial uses, as well as soil conditions of the country, organic matter shortages and climate change, the comprehensive study of the mutual relations of consumption and non-use of fertilizers is essential in the presence and absence of water stresses and salinity, according to optimal management of water and soil resources and fertilizers and finally the achievement of optimal yields. Materials and methodsThe experiment was conducted as split- split plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agricultural, University of Ilam in 2017. The treatments consisted of four levels of salinity (S1 =fresh water, S2 = 2, S3 = 4 and S4 = 6 ds / m) from salt rock source as the main factor, three levels of irrigation (I1 = 100, I2 = 80 and I3 = 60 percentage of water requirement of the plant) as a sub factor and three levels of nitrogen fertilizer from urea source (N1 = 0, N2 = 100 and N3 = 150 kg/ha) were considered as the sub- sub factor. Treatments were applied, in the 5_6 leaf stage. Sampling was performed to measure physiological traits at flowering time and yield and yield components at harvest time. Data analysis was performed by SAS.9.2 software and the mean comparison test was performed by LSD test. Charts is drawn by Excel. Results and discussionBased on the results, the highest yield was obtained in non stress conditions and application of 150 kg ha-1 nitrogen. Interaction of stresses among functional traits had the most negative effect in grain yield with a 69% reduction, also, among three physiological traits, electrolyte leakage showed a three-fold increase in the effect of interaction treatments with increasing tensions. The number of seeds per ear, number of rows per ear, number of seeds per row, biological yield and harvest index were decreased by 59%, 40.6%, 40%, 65% and 46%, respectively. Application of nitrogen at all levels of stress also reduced the effects of stresses and increased yield. The relative water content of leaf, chlorophyll a, ch","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"889-905"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43458067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"تأثیر سالیسیلیک اسید و سایکوسل بر درصد و عملکرد اسانس و ویژگیهای فیزیولوژیک گیاه بادرشبویه (.Dracocephalum moldavica L) در شرایط تنش خشکی","authors":"علی جلالوند, بابک عندلیبی, افشین توکلی, پرویز مرادی","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.1482.1328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.1482.1328","url":null,"abstract":"به‌منظور بررسی اثرات سالیسیلیک اسید و سایکوسل بر تبادلات گازی گیاه دارویی بادرشبویه در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی پژوهشی در بهار سال‌های 1393 و 1394 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان به اجرا درآمد. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات با دو عامل سطوح رطوبتی و تنظیم کننده‌های رشد در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار اجرا شد. عامل اصلی سطوح رطوبتی در دو سطح بدون تنش (آبیاری کامل تا انتهای دوره رشد)، تنش کم‌آبی (آبیاری کامل تا قبل از شروع گلدهی و قطع آبیاری قبل از شروع گلدهی تا انتهای دوره رشد) اجراشد. عامل فرعی سطوح مختلف سالیسیلیک اسید (800 و 1600 میکرومولار)، سایکوسل (600 و 1200 میکرومولار) و شاهد (محلول‌پاشی با آب مقطر) که قبل ازگلدهی به‌صورت یک بار محلول‌پاشی اعمال شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب دوساله نشان داد که اثر متقابل مرحله نمونه‌برداری در سال در رطوبت برای صفات محتوای نسبی آب برگ، دمای کانوپی، درصد اسانس، عملکرد اسانس، وزن تر بوته و وزن خشک بوته در سطح احتمال یک درصد کاملا معنی دار گردید. میانگین اثر متقابل تنظیم کننده رشد در زمان نمونه‌برداری نشان داد که تیمار سالیسیلیک اسید 800 میکرومولار در مرحله انتهای گلدهی (H3B1) بیشترین درصد اسانس (0.37) و کمترین درصد اسانس نیز مربوط به تیمار سایکوسل 600 میکرومولار (0.16) در مرحله شروع گلدهی (H1B2) است. درصد اسانس در مراحل نموی روند افزایشی دارد به‌طوری‌که بیشترین میزان درصد اسانس مربوط به مرحله انتهای گلدهی است. در شرایط تنش خشکی عملکرد اسانس کاهش می‌یابد. تیمار سایکوسل 1200 میکرومولار از طریق افزایش رشد ریشه و افزایش جذب آب از اعماق خاک موجب شد که گیاه نسبت به سایر تیمارها عملکرد اسانس بیشتری داشته باشد.","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"865-876"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46447633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"اثر بیوچار بر خصوصیات رشدی و نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم مرزه تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.) تحت تنش کلرید سدیم","authors":"Leila Mehdizadeh, M. Moghaddam, Amir Lakzian","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.1419.1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.1419.1308","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Salt stress is one of the important reasons of different problems in agricultural productions. Also, because of competition between sodium (Na+) with essential cations that necessary for cellular function, salinity cause to limit in absorption of mineral contents and growth reduction. One way of exciting salt from soil profile is using organic amendments such as biochar that recently has been extremely considered as a result of the weather modifications and soil management. Due to the characteristics of organic matter biochar, in this research the effect of biochar on growth traits, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) concentration of summer savory leaf under salt stress resulting from irrigation with NaCl were investigated. Materials and methods In order to investigate the effect of biochar on growth characteristics, sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) concentration of summer savory ( Satureja hortensis L.) leaf under NaCl stress, a pot experiment was performed as factorial based on completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse condition at Horticultural Research Station, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, in 2017. The factors of the test included three levels of biochar (0, 1 and 2 % w/w of soil of each pot) and irrigation with salty water in three levels of salinity (0, 40, 80 mM NaCl). In order to produce biochar, the woods of mulberry (Morus alba) three put in electrical furnace with 530 C temperature for 14 h. Then the biochar crushed in very small pieces, sieved and added to the soil. The growth parameters included height, number of branch let, stem diameter, number of nodule, stem fresh and dry weight, leaf fresh and dry weight were measured by common methods. The amount of Na+ and K+ from the leaf samples were also measured. Data analysis were done with Minitab 17 software. Results and discussion The results of analysis of variances showed that the interaction effects of salinity and biochar treatments on number of branch let, stem diameter, number of nodule, stem fresh and dry weight, leaf fresh weight, Na+ , K+ and K/Na ratio in P<1% and on height and leaf dry weight in P< 5% were significant. The mean comparison of data indicated that the highest plant height (32.17 cm), number of branches (18.92), number of nodule (10.25), stem diameter (11.88 mm), stem fresh (1.75 g/plant) and dry (0.6 g/plant) weight, leaf fresh (3.44 g/plant) and dry (0.82 g/plant) weight were observed at the treatment of 2% w/w biochar without salinity were observed. Furthermore, the highest Na+ (1.69% leaf dry weight ) and K+ (3.39% leaf dry weight) were observed at 80 mM NaCl without using biochar and the treatment without salinity and biochar (control( , respectively. With increasing salt concentration, the K/Na ratio decreased and at the highest salt concentration (80 mM) reached to the lowest amount (1.71%). Salinity stress through limitation in mineral element, disrupting ionic balance, deficit in available water of plant and to","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"595-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42321082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ارزیابی ژنوتیپهای گلرنگ بهاره با استفاده از شاخصهای تحمل و حساسیت به تنش گرمای آخر فصل","authors":"هنا عبوده, محمدرضا مرادی تلاوت, علی مشتطی, سیدهاشم موسوی","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2018.1358.1297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2018.1358.1297","url":null,"abstract":"به منظور مقایسه ارقام بهاره گلرنگ (Carthamus tinctorius L.) با استفاده از شاخص‌های تحمل و حساسیت به تنش گرمای آخر فصل در اهواز، آزمایشی در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان در سال زراعی 96-1395 به صورت کرت‌های یک بار خرد شده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار انجام شد. فاکتورهای آزمایشی شامل چهار تاریخ کاشت (20 آبان، 11 آذر، 15 دی و 14 بهمن) در کرت های اصلی و پنج رقم گلرنگ (سینا، گلدشت، صفه، محلی اصفهان (کوسه) و فرامان) بود. نتایج نشان داد که ارقام مورد مقایسه از نظر صفت عملکرد دانه از لحاظ شاخص‌های حساسیت به تنش (SSI)، شاخص تحمل (TI)، میانگین بهره‌وری (MP)، میانگین هارمونیک (HM)، شاخص پایداری عملکرد (YSI)، میانگین هندسی (GMP)، شاخص تحمل تنش (STI)، شاخص خسارت تنش (SDI)، شاخص تحمل تنش تعدیل شده برای شرایط مناسب (MSTI1)، شاخص تحمل تنش تعدیل شده برای شرایط نامناسب (MSTI2) و شاخص درصد کاهش عملکرد (YRI) تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. با این حال اختلاف ارقام مورد بررسی از نظر شاخص رتبه بندی (RI) و شاخص عملکرد (YI) معنی دار نبود. در شاخص تحمل تنش (STI)، رقم گلدشت (0.335) بیشترین تحمل (کمترین حساسیت) و رقم محلی اصفهان (کوسه) با میانگین (0.157) کمترین تحمل (بیشترین حساسیت) نسبت به تنش گرمای آخر فصل خوزستان را داشتند. به طور کلی شاخص تحمل تنش (STI) نسبت به سایر شاخص‌های مورد بررسی، جهت شناسایی ارقام متحمل و حساس گلرنگ نسبت به تنش گرمای آخر فصل در خوزستان مناسب است.","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"607-616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42407850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"بررسی کاربرد کود بیولوژیک و نانو اکسید روی بر انتقال مجدد و شاخص سطح برگ گیاه تریتیکاله (Triticosecale Witt.) در شرایط شوری خاک","authors":"یونس خیری زاده, رئوف سیدشریفی, راضیه خلیل زاده","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2018.1015.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2018.1015.1201","url":null,"abstract":"به­منظور مطالعه عملکرد دانه، انتقال مجدد و شاخص سطح برگ تریتیکاله در واکنش به کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک و نانواکسید روی در شرایط شوری خاک، آزمایشی در سال 1393 در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. فاکتورهای موردبررسی شامل شوری خاک در چهار سطح (عدم اعمال شوری، شوری 20، 40 و 60 میلی­ مولار)، کاربرد کودهای زیستی در چهار سطح (عدم کاربرد، کاربرد میکوریز، کاربرد توأم باکتری­های سودوموناس و ازتوباکتر، کاربرد توأم میکوریز و باکتری­های محرک رشد) و محلول­ پاشی با نانواکسید روی در سه سطح (عدم مصرف، مصرف 0.4 و 0.8 گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش شوری عملکرد و شاخص سطح برگ کاهش ولی انتقال مجدد از کل اندام هوایی و ساقه افزایش یافت. مقایسه میانگین ­ها نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد دانه و حداکثر شاخص سطح برگ در حالت کاربرد توأم میکوریز و باکتری­های محرک رشد، محلول­پاشی 0.8 گرم در لیتر نانواکسید روی و عدم اعمال شوری به دست آمد. بیش­ترین انتقال مجدد از ساقه و کل اندام هوایی در حالت شوری 60 میلی ­مولار، عدم کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک و عدم محلول ­پاشی به دست آمد. اعمال شوری 20، 40 و 60 میلی­ مولار، عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب 8.9، 22.1 و 32.3 درصد کاهش داد و استفاده توأم کودهای بیولوژیک و نانواکسید روی به ترتیب 40.1، 49.7 و 40 درصد از این کاهش عملکرد را جبران کردند.","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"993-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41349682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"اثر محلول پاشی آهن و روی به فرمهای سولفاته و نانو ذرات بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) تحت تنش شوری","authors":"قادر رستمی, محمد رضا قاسمیان مقدم, عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی, فر علیتهرانی","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2018.870.1170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2018.870.1170","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Salinity after drought stress is one of the important stress around world including Iran. Salinity causes interrupt in cell division and growth and affect all metabolic reactions in plant. Consuming micronutrient could increase the resistance of the plant against negative effects of salinity. The medicinal plant needs micronutrient enough for producing essential oil and among micronutrients, iron is more needed. Iron is one of essential nutrients, micro, and immobile. This nutrient is required a cofactor for many oxidant and reduction enzymes and the synthesis of chlorophylls. Zinc is also one of micronutrients that involves in tryptophan synthesis, auxin precursor, obsceneness of leaves, carbohydrate metabolism and protein synthesis. One of the important applications of the non-technology is nano-fertilizers in agriculture. Nanoparticle inters into the plant through stomata. Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) from family Lamiaceae grows in the sandy-acidic soil and medium light and high humidity conditions. Peppermint is a rich source of polyphenol that has the antioxidant effect. Regarding importance of peppermint, this research was aimed to investigate effects of nano-Fe and nano-Zn on some biochemical characteristics of peppermint. Material and methods This work conducted for evaluating the effects of iron and zinc application in two forms, nano and sulfate, on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of peppermint under salt stress, at research greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. The experiment arranged as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was salinity in four levels (0, 40, 80, and 120 mM NaCl) and the second factor was foliar application Fe and Zn fertilizers in five levels (0, Fe-sulfate and Zn-sulfate at 1500 mg.l-1 and nano-particles of Fe and Zn at 300 mg.l-1). Rhizomes with 10 cm length were cultured within 5 cm depth in pots with 40 cm height and 30 cm diameter. The pots filled with an equal amount of soil, sand, and peat (1:1:1) in each pot. The physio-chemical characteristic of soil was as follows: 1.2 dS/m EC, 7.9 pH, 29% sand, 41% clay, 30% silt, and loam-clay tissue. The first spraying was applied one week before exerting salt stress and two spraying after three weeks exerting salt stress in two intervals. Traits measured were chlorophyll, SPAD, soluble carbohydrate, and some morphological traits. Results The results indicated that salt stress had significant effect on the growth and biochemical characteristics of peppermint including shoot length, number of branches, number of tiller, length and width of leaves, fresh and dry weight of aerial part, chlorophyll a and b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and SPAD. It decreased all of these traits. analysis of interaction effects of treatments indicated that the highest levels of growth and chlorophyll content were obtained in control treatment (without of salt stress) and plants grow","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"707-720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43346400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}