Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation crop indices of canola spring genotypes in terminal drought stress conditions and foliar application of Potassium silicate","authors":"Mojde Khayat Moghadam, A. Gholami, A. S. Rad, Mahdi Baradaran Firoozabadi, H. Abbasdokht","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2723.1787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2723.1787","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Drought is a restriction in crop production in arid and semiarid regions. It is forecast that climate change may cause droughts shortly. After oxygen, silicon (Si) is the second most common element in the soil. In reducing both biotic stress (e.g., plant diseases and pest damage) and abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, aluminum toxicity, heavy metal toxicity, nutrient imbalance, lodging, radiation, high temperature, wounding, and freezing. \u0000  \u0000Materials and Methods \u0000In order to study the effects of terminal drought stress and foliar application of potassium silicate on yield and canola spring genotypes components, a factorial split-plot test was conducted in Karaj, Iran in a full randomized block configuration with three replications for two years of cultivation (2016-2018). The irrigation was performed at two levels in this study, including routine irrigation (control) and interruption of irrigation from the pod formation stage. Potassium silicate foliar application at two levels comprised of 0 and 4 g liter-1 in factorial status in main plots and five Brassica napus L. genotypes including OG × AL, RGS × SLM, DALGAN, RGS003 and RGS × Okapi in subplots. SAS Ver 9.1 statistical analysis was used for variance analysis. \u0000  \u0000Results \u0000Combined variance analysis showed that the impact of the year on some characteristics seed number in silique, silique length and seed yield was significant. Also, the effect of irrigation was significant on seed yield. The effect of genotype on plant height was significant indicating that the genotypes had different reactions. The interaction effect of irrigation × genotype on Harvest index was significant. The interaction effect of Irrigation × Potassium Silicate × Genotype on branch number, silique number, silique length, seed number in silique, seed weight, biological yield, seed yield, oil content and oil yield was significant. The mean comparison of irrigation and Potassium silicate interaction demonstrated that the most grain yield was observed in normal irrigation and the least value related to cut off irrigation at pod formation stage. The results indicated that, irrigation, foliar application of Potassium silicate and their interaction had significant effect on growth and agronomic traits and increased them. \u0000  \u0000Conclusions \u0000Finally, our study showed the beneficial effects of Potassium Silicate in improving the drought tolerance of canola plants, especially at the end of the season. This can provide a basis for attempting new strategies to reduce the damage from drought and create a functional link between the role of silicon, physiological response and tolerance to drought stress in canola plants. According to the results, in the case of application of Potassium Silicate and normal irrigation, the promising genotype of OG×AL, with the highest seed and oil yield, is recommended as standard. Also, in the case of application of Potassium Silicate and late-season drought stress (restricted irrigation","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46877644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of foliar application of jasmonic acid and drought stress on yield and some agronomic and physiologic traits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) cultivars","authors":"Azadeh Keshtkar, A. Aien, Hormozed Naghavii, Hamid Najafi Nezhad","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2402.1711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2402.1711","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction \u0000Quinoa plant (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a grain- like crop with high nutritional values and resistant to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity stress. Drought stress is one of major stresses, which had the undesirable effects on qualitative and quantitative yield of crops in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. On the other hand, Jasmonate (Jasmonic acid), are a new plant growth regulator that plays an important role in increase the resistance of plants to environmental stresses such as drought stress. That's why this experiment aims to investigate the impact of drought stress and foliar application Jasmonic acid on yield and some agronomic and physiologic characteristics of Quinoa cultivars. \u0000  \u0000Material and methods \u0000This experiment was carried out in split factorial design based on randomized complete block design with three replications in Kerman agricultural research and education center (Joupar station) during 2018. The main factor was included non-stress (normal irrigation) and drought stress (based on 60% and 90% of usable soil moisture discharge) and foliar application of JA in three levels (0, 1 and 2 mg/l) and varieties (Giza1, Titicaca, Q29) as factorial arranged in sub factor. The measured traits were seed yield, inflorescence number in plant, seed 1000 weight, biological yield, plant height, harvest index, relative water content and chlorophyll index. \u0000  \u0000Results and discussion \u0000The results showed that drought stress reduced the seed yield and some agronomic and physiologic traits of Quinoa.  The application of JA, especially concentration of 2 mg/L improved these traits compared to the control treatments. The highest seed yield and biological yield were obtained from interaction of normal irrigation and 2 mg/l JA  and Titicaca cultivar by 3316 and 13265 kg/ha, respectively. The lowest seed yield and biological yield related to interaction of drought stress and non-application of JA and Giza1 cultivar by 1682 and 7733 kg/ha, respectively. The highest plant height was achieved from the interaction of Titicaca cultivar under non-stress conditions and application of 2 mg/l JA by 142.4 cm. The highest chlorophyll leaf index (SPAD index) was observed under non stress conditions and spraying of 1 mg/l JA in Giza1 by 58.8. \u0000  \u0000Conclusions \u0000According to the result of this research, it can be suggested that JA as a growth regulator, can increase seed yield and productivity of quinoa cultivars, especially Titicaca cultivar through the reducing the negative effect of drought stress and improving plant growth","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47494204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating response of yield traits and oil content of sesame variety (Sesamum indicum L.) to nano-magnesium fertilizer and biopolymer chitosan under limited water stress","authors":"Jaber Khordadi Varamin, F. Fanoodi, J. Sinaki, S. Rezvan, A. Damavandi","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2786.1724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2786.1724","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionSesamum, scientifically named Sesamum indicum L., is one of the oldest oilseed families and is adapted to warm and semi-warm regions and is known as the queen of oilseeds. The use of nanotechnology in the production of fertilizers results in optimal release and increased efficiency of absorption of nutrients in fertilizer which leads to significant economic and environmental benefits. Chitosan elicits stimulating defense mechanisms and is beneficial to plants, animals and humans and is environmentally friendly. Due to the fact that water stress and dehydration in Iran is always one of the most important agricultural problems and due to the importance of magnesium in photosynthesis of plants and also the use of different polymers such as chitosan to reduce the damage caused by stress, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano chitosan and magnesium application under water stress conditions on some sesame traits for sustainable agriculture development in Varamin region. \u0000Materials and methodsIn order to evaluate limited water stress and foliar application of magnesium and chitosan on growth and yielding traits and oil content of two sesame varieties, an experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on completely randomized blocks designed with three replications in a research farm in the southern Varamin Province, Iran, during 2016-17 growing season. Irrigation cut-off based on BBCH scale in three-level included: normal irrigation, 65 BBCH (flowering), and irrigation cut-off in 75 BBCH (capsule maturity) as the main factors. Sub-plot included a combination of three factors: two genotypes Oltan and Dashtestan-2, foliar application of Mg-nano in two levels non-application and foliar application (2 g/L) in 65 BBCH stage and foliar application of chitosan in three levels: non-application, foliar application of 4.8 g/L in 65 BBCH stage and 6.4 g/L in 75 BBCH stage. \u0000Results and discussionThe results showed that the irrigation up to 65 BBCH caused a reducing 28.08, 20.8, 53.05, 54.04 and 23.10% in the average traits of number of capsules, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, LAI, and oil percentage content in compared to the normal irrigation treatment (control). The highest grain yield was achieved in the application of Mg-nano-fertilizer under normal irrigation in Dashtestan-2 variety with a mean of 1188.2 kg/ha, which 16.3% increased in compared to the control treatment. The highest oil percentage was observed in the application of Mg-nano under normal irrigation was in Dashtestan-2 variety with an average of 50.38%, which 3.5% increase in compared to the control treatment. The highest grain yield was achieved in the application of Mg-nano-fertilizer under normal irrigation in Dashtestan-2 variety with a mean of 1188.2 kg/ha, which 16.3% increased in compared to the control treatment. The highest oil percentage was observed in the application of Mg-nano under normal irrigation was in Dashtestan-2 variety with an average of 50.38%, w","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of emergence behavior of common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus L.), lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) under salinity stress","authors":"Mohammad Javad Babaie Zarch, S. Mahmoodi, S. V. Eslami, G. Zamani","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2744.1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2744.1720","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Plants in arid and semi-arid regions are constantly exposed to environmental stresses such as salinity. The sensitivity of different plants to salinity stress at different growth stages is quite different. In many plants, perhaps the most sensitive stage of the plant growth cycle to salinity, is germination and emergence stages. Germination and emergence of seeds are the first important stages in plant establishment which is affected by most environmental stresses. In South Khorasan, which has saline soil and water, conventional millet cultivation is common, and it’s most important weeds are lambsquarters, tumble pigweed and purslane. Since the irrigation of millet fields in this region of the country is performed with saline water, this experiment was conducted out to investigate the emergence response of millet and lambsquarters, tumble pigweed and purslane weeds, under sodium chloride salinity in Hoagland solution. Materials and methods In order to evaluate the effect of salinity stress on quality and emergence rate of common millet, lambsquarters, tumble pigweed and purslane, four separate experiments were conducted out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017 in the research greenhouse of agricultural faculty at Birjand University. Experimental treatments consisted of 10 salinity levels including Hoagland solution with 2 dS/m as control, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 dS/m (created sodium chloride in Hoagland solution). Hoagland formula was used for preparation of nutrient solution and sodium chloride was used for preparation of different salinity levels. After filling each pot with 1.5 liters of acid washed sand, 25 seeds from each species were placed at 1 cm depth from soil surface. Seedling emergence were counted daily. In order to investigate the response of each species to salinity stress, the emergence percentage in each species was analyzed in a randomized complete block design without considering treatments with zero emergence percentage. Data analysis was performed using SAS software. GLM procedure was used for analysis of variance and comparison of mean performed with protected LSD at 5% probability level. Results and discussion The results showed that common millet, purslane, tumble pigweed and lambsquarters seeds had the ability to germinate up to 20, 16, 12 and 12 dS/m, respectively. The start of emergence for common millet seeds up to 10 dS/m and tumble pigweed up to 8 dS/m was 3 days after sowing. Meanwhile, the seeds of lambsquarters emergence up to 6 dS/m on the fourth day, and purslane in 2 dS/m on the second day after sowing. Millet plants were emergence up to 18 dS/m salinity in the first five days after sowing. The results also showed that for common millet and tumble pigweed, no significant difference were observed for single seedling dry weight at 2 and 4 dS/m. Increasing salinity from 2 to 4 dS/m led to a significant decrease in purslane seedling dry weight but with increa","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"265-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different moisture regimes and iron sulfate on the growth and content of some elements in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), cv. Roshan","authors":"Abdollah Dorpoor Sorkhsaraei, M. Al-Ahmadi, M. Zahan, Mohammad Javad Babaie Zarch","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2021.1578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2021.1578","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Many arid and semi-arid agricultural areas are facing with shortages of water and nutrients, especially micronutrients. Drought stress is one of the most important environmental stresses that seriously damage the growth and development of crops, limits the production and productivity of plants more than any other environmental factor. The use of micronutrients can partially alleviate the negative effects of this environmental stress on the growth and production of crops. Iron micronutrient plays an essential role in some biological and physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis and is also effective in diastases as well as in chlorophyll production. According to the above, the main purpose of this experiment was to investigate the growth response of Roshan cultivar to applying iron sulfate fertilizer in different moisture conditions and to investigate changes in the content of some plant elements under these conditions. Materials and methods In order to evaluate the growth and uptake of iron and other nutrients by wheat, cv. Roshan, a two-factor factorial experiment was conducted in 2012 in the Research Greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand. The first factor was consisted of four different levels of ferrous sulfate (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg.kg-1 soil) and the second factor included two soil moisture treatments including 50 and 100% soil field capacity. After preparing the pots and applying experimental treatments, the seeds were planted and after emergence, the plant density was set to 10 plants in the pot. Moisture levels were applied from the beginning of experiments and watering the pots was done daily based on the weight of the pots and taking into account 20% drainage of soil moisture (in each irrigation treatment). Sampling was done after 8 weeks (early stem elongation stage) and at this time some morphological traits (number of leaves, leaf area, number of tillers and plant height) and the SPAD index and relative water content of leaves were measured. The iron, potassium, nitrogen and protein contents of the plants were also determined for each pot separately. Analysis of variance was performed using SAS software and mean comparison was performed using FLSD test at a significant level of 5%. Results and discussion As soil moisture decreased from 100 to 50% of field capacity, plant height (5.8%), number of stems (37%), number of leaves (22%), stem diameter (15.8%), leaf area (33%), relative leaf water content (16.8%) and SPAD index (5.45%) decreased. The results also showed that in the control treatment (without iron fertilizer), the highest amount of SPAD index (38.8) was obtained, which with an increase of ferrus sulfate to 150 mg.kg-1 of soil, it decreased by 5.8%. Also, with the increase in soil water content to 100% of field capacity, the percentage of protein, nitrogen and potassium of wheat plants decreased by 9.2, 17.18 and 23.7%, respectively, compare","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"119-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46952995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of AquaCrop model for estimating of changes process of soil moisture, evapotranspiration and yield of maize under salinity and fertility stresses","authors":"R. Saeidi, H. R. Etedali, A. Sotoodehnia, B. Nazari, A. Kaviani","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2473.1652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2473.1652","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionIn the presence of environmental stresses such as salinity and fertility stresses, water and nutrients less absorbed by the plant. Despite the stresses of salinity and nitrogen deficiency (fertility stress), the determination of the actual water requirement of plants with the AquaCrop model, will be important. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the AquaCrop model for estimating the soil moisture, evapotranspiration and yield of maize, under the salinity and fertility stresses.Materials and methodsIn this research, two treatments of water salinity and nitrogen deficity in four levels and three replications, with a control plot, were implemented as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete of block design. The studied plant was maize with cultivar of 704 Sc and was planted in plots with dimensions of 3 × 3 meters and 1.5 meters apart. In this plan, fertility stress was in the form of nitrogen fertilizer consumption and at four levels. Treatments of N_0، N_1، N_2 and N_3consisted of consumption of 100, 75, 50 and 25% of nitrogen fertilizer based on fertilizer recommendation, respectively. Salinity stress has been applied by irrigation of the plant with saline water. Water salinity treatments were selected based on yield potential of maize at four levels of 100, 90, 75 and 50% (3). According to the above four performance levels, treatments of S_0، S_1، S_2 and S_3 were included; irrigation water with electric conductivity of 0.5, 1.2, 3.5 and 7.5 (ds/m) respectively. Determining the irrigation time, was the same as the moisture content reached the RAW (Readily Available Water) level. Between the two irrigation intervals, the stomatal resistance of maize leaf, was measured by the AP4 prometer device. At the same time as increasing stomatal resistance, RAW was calculated and plots were irrigated. In the days of between two irrigation, was measured the soil moisture content of the plots at the depth of root development. The daily evapotranspiration of the plant, was calculated based on the amount of daily water depletion. For optimal calibration of parameters in the AquaCrop model, was used the method of Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE). Among 16 treatments, 8 treatments were randomly selected for calibration and the rest were selected for validation. Results and discussionResults were obtained for evaluating the AquaCrop model at the validation stage. The root mean square error (RMSE) of soil moisture simulation, varied from 1.43 to 2.6%. The normalized error value (NRMSE) ranged from 4 to 6 percent. The AquaCrop model showed a similar trend in the evapotranspiration simulation. The root mean square error (RMSE) of evapotranspiration simulation, varied from 1.85 to 2.35 mm. The normalized error value (NRMSE) ranged from 3.5 to 4.5 percent. For yield simulation, RMSE was 0.34 ton. ha-1 and NRMSE was 0.65%. The value of the R^2, EF, and d statistics showed a good correlation between the data and the ","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"195-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47840430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"تأثیر نانو ذرات دیاکسید تیتانیوم بر برخی ویژگیهای مورفولوژیکی نخود (.Cicer arietinum L) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی","authors":"رویا قربانی, علی موافقی, علی گنجعلی, جعفر نباتی","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2485.1654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2485.1654","url":null,"abstract":"خشکی از مهم‌ترین تنش‌های محیطی است که رشد و عملکرد گیاهان را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهد. استفاده از نانو ذرات می‌تواند به‌عنوان راه‌کاری در تعدیل اثرات تنش خشکی مؤثر واقع شود. در همین راستا، تأثیر محلول‌پاشی نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم در شرایط تنش خشکی روی نخود به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه در دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال 1396 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سطوح مختلف تنش خشکی شامل ۴۰، ۶۰ و ۹۰ (به عنوان شاهد) درصد ظرفیت زراعی و محلول‌پاشی نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم در پنج سطح صفر، ۵، 10، 20 و ۴۰ میلی‌گرم در لیتر بود. افزایش غلظت نانوذره دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم تا ۲۰ میلی‌گرم در لیتر در هر سه سطح تنش خشکی، موجب افزایش شاخص کلروفیل، هدایت روزنه‌ای، تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، وزن خشک برگ، وزن خشک ساقه، وزن خشک کل اندام هوایی، مجموع طول ریشه، متوسط قطر ریشه، سطح ریشه و حجم ریشه نخود شد و با افزایش بیشتر غلظت نانو ذرات این ویژگی‌ها روند کاهشی نشان دادند. در سطوح تنش خشکی مصرف نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم سبب افزایش مقدار پتانسیل اسمزی برگ در مقایسه با 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی شد. در سه سطح 40، 60 و 90 درصد ظرفیت زراعی با افزایش غلظت نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم از تیمار شاهد به 20 میلی‌گرم در لیتر به ترتیب 46، 27 و 68 درصد وزن خشک کل اندام هوایی و 23، 49 و 54 درصد وزن خشک ریشه افزایش یافت. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که در شرایط تنش خشکی، کاربرد نانو ذرات دی‌اکسید تیتانیوم با غلظت ۲۰ میلی‌گرم در لیتر می‌تواند اثرات منفی ناشی از تنش خشکی در گیاه نخود به صورت چشمگیری کاهش دهد.","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43135121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of potassium chemical and biological fertilizers on biochemical traits of corn hybrids under drought stress and determination of traits affecting grain yield","authors":"M. S. Azadi, A. Shokoohfar, M. Mojadam, S. Lak, M. Alavifazel","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2389.1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2389.1620","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionNowadays, corn is recognized as a nutrition seed for human, birds and some animals. Corn is considered as an energetic nutrition. It will be graded after wheat and rice among whole the cereal according to the significance and the rate of cultivation. Breeding for environmental stress is one of the most important goals in plant breeding. Among stresses, drought stress has high influencing on limitation of maize production. potash management under water limitation condition is an important factor to obtain high grain yield of maize. . All the plants are in contact with biological fertilizer. One of the most important effects of such a biological fertilizer is the operation enhancement in the lands which are low fertility, confronting with different land disease, and strengthening the plant against drough. In general, Plants are exposed to environmental stresses. Water and Potassium availability are two major factors for crop production under different conditions In this study, correlation and stepwise regression of biochemical traits with grain yield of corn hybrids under drought stress conditions and application of potassium chemical and biological fertilizers are investigated. Materials and methods This study was performed to evaluate the effects of chemical and biological potash fertilizers and drought stress Biochemical characteristics and Grain yield of Zea mays varieties in 2014 - 2015 in Dehloran, Iran. The experiment was conducted as split split plots in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments included drought stress (normal irrigation, cutting irrigation at 12 leaf stage and at tassel emergence) as main factor, potassium sulfate application in three levels (100% potassium sulfate, 70% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 30% fertile-2 fertilizer, and 50% potassium sulfate fertilizer with 50% fertile-2 fertilizer) as sub plots and three corn hybrids (AS71, NS640 and CORDONA) as sub sub plots. Finally, the data was analyzed by the MSTAT-C. Results and discussion The results of data analysis showed that the occurrence of stress had a negative effect on Some biochemical traitsand and corn yield. Creating stress in the emergence stage of coronal grass compared with the stress in the 12 leaf stage, had more impact on the evaluated indicators. Consumption of biological and chemical fertilizers of potash by modifying the effects of drought stress had a positive effect on biochemical traits and grain yield. Application of 50% chemical potash+ 50 % seed incubation by Fertil-2 led to 10% increasing of kernel yield, Between studied genotypes, AS71 and NS640 showed highest (10717 kg/ha) and lowest (5887 kg/ha) means, respectively. According to interaction between treatments, it was founded that highest kernel yield (12130 kg/ha) was obtained by AS71 under optimum irrigation conditions + 50% urea fertilizer with 50% fertile-2 fertilizer treatment. Grain yield with proline content, chlorophyll a and b had a posi","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44922440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of salinity stress and drought effects on fourteen ecotypes of black caraway (Nigella sativa L.) medicinal plant","authors":"R. Chegini, Fatemeh Benakashani, I. Alahdadi, E. Soltani","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2020.2653.1688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2020.2653.1688","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Environmental stresses, especially drought and salinity stresses are considered as inhibitors of plant growth and development. The salinity stress cause delay in germination, decrease in the rate and percentage of germination and delay in the emergence of roots and stems in the germination stage. It seems that if seed could pass through the germination stage under stress conditions, the seedling will have more opportunity to grow and develop, and will have the higher ability to tolerate and overcome adverse environmental conditions. This greatly depends on the biochemical and physiological structures of the seedlings. The response is also species and genotypes dependent and depends on the length and severity of the salinity, the age, and stage of development. Differences in the salt tolerance have variation among species within a genus, and of genotypes within a species. black caraway (Nigella sativa L.) is an annual plant with valuable medicinal properties belong to Ranunculaceae family. Because Black caraway growth is slow at the beginning of the season, and on the other hand, salinity and drought are some limiting and effective factors on germination and other stages of plant growth, the aim of this study was to evaluate different N. sativa ecotypes in terms of tolerance to salinity and drought. Materials and methods In order to investigate the effects of salinity and drought stress on seed germination factors of fourteen black caraway, two separate experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design in the Seed Technology Laboratory of the University of Tehran in 2018. The treatments consisted of fourteen black caraway ecotypes (Ashkzar, Arak, Isfahan, Eqlid, Bejestan, Khaf, Khomeini Shahr, Razan, Zabol 1, Zabol 2, Sarayan, Semirum, Gardmiran, Hamedan), six salinity stress levels (0 , 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mM) and four levels of drought stress (0, 0.3, -0.6 and -0.9 MPa) with four replicates in each level. Salinity stress levels were due to different concentrations of sodium chloride and levels of drought stress were due to different concentrations of polyethylene glycol 6000. Distilled water was used to create a zero stress level (control treatment) in both experiments. To conduct the experiments, 50 seeds were placed on filter paper in 8 cm diameter Petri dishes containing 7 mL of each solution. Petri dishes were kept in the growth chamber at a constant temperature of 20°C. The number of seeds germinated was recorded daily until no germination was observed for two consecutive days. The Germin program was used to calculate germination percentage and rate of germination. In addition, to illustrate the germination response to drought stress, the hydrotime model was used. Results and discussion salinity experiment; The highest Ymax (germination percentage) was found in Razan, Arak, and Ashkzar ecotypes (99.5, 99.33 and 99.16% respectively) and the lowest in Khomeini-e-Shahr ecotype (85.83%). The highest salinity toler","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"211-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49181770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation the effect of amini acid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract application in normal and drought stress conditions on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat in Behbahan region","authors":"M. Rafie, M. Sohi, M. Javadzadeh","doi":"10.22077/ESCS.2019.2702.1707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22077/ESCS.2019.2702.1707","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the important crops in our country. this plant contains starch, protein, sugar and provides food for human population. In recent years, drought stress has become the main abiotic stress, and could decrease growth and yield of wheat. The application of biostimulants, i.e. amino acids, fulvic acid or seaweed extract were found to positive effect on plant growth which overcomes the harmful effect of some environmental stress such as drought. In recent years, the favorable effects of these substances on vegetative characteristics, yield and grain quality of wheat have been reported. Many studies have shown that the application of biostimulants can increase plant tolerance during abiotic stresses, especially water deficit. Little research have been done about the effects of biostimulants on wheat in Khuzestan yet. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of amini acid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract in drought stress on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat. Materials and methodsThis experiment was conducted as split-plot in randomized complete block design with three replications at Behbahan Agricultural Research Station for one year (2017-2018). Irrigation interval considered as main factor in two levels: (70 mm and 130 mm evaporation from class A pan) and the sub factor was growth biostimulants in four levels :control (application of chemical fertilizers according to soil test), amino acid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract. Foliar application of amino ccid, fulvic acid and seaweed extract was done at a concentration of 0.5 % at two stages, tillering and heading. During experiment: plant height, number of spikes per m2, number of grain per spike, 1000- grain weight, grain yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganes and iron were recorded. Varince analysis were done by MSTATC statistical software and meanes were compared using Duncan,s Multiple Range Test. Results and discussionThe results showed a significant increase in grain yield in plants treated with biostimulants compared with control. The highest plant height, number of spikes per m2, number of grain per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were recorded in amino acid treatment. The highest increase in N, K and grain Fe was achieved by amino acid while the highest increase in P, Zn and Mn of grain was obtained by seaweed extract compared with control. The results indicated that water deficit stress significantly reduced plant height, number of spikes per m-2, 1000 seed weight, grain yield and nutrients. Also, drought stress significantly reduced grain nutrient uptake. Intreraction of the irrigation levels and biostimulants on grain yield indicated that all biostimulants significantly increased the yield in drought stress. The application of amino acids and seaweeds significantly increased grain yield in compared with both controls (under water deficit stress and under water normal conditio","PeriodicalId":31378,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"131-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43166014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}