G. Blair, J. Frisch, K. Honkavaara, T. Kamps, F. Poirier, I. Ross, M. Ross, H. Schlarb, P. Schmuser, S. Schreiber, D. Sertore, N. Walker, M. Wendt, K. Wittenburg
{"title":"Proposing a laser based beam size monitor for the future linear collider","authors":"G. Blair, J. Frisch, K. Honkavaara, T. Kamps, F. Poirier, I. Ross, M. Ross, H. Schlarb, P. Schmuser, S. Schreiber, D. Sertore, N. Walker, M. Wendt, K. Wittenburg","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.986673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.986673","url":null,"abstract":"Compton scattering techniques for the measurement of the transverse beam size of particle beams at future linear colliders (FLC) are proposed. At several locations of the beam delivery system (BDS) of the FLC, beam spot sizes ranging from several hundreds to a few micrometers have to be measured. This is necessary to verify beam optics, to obtain the transverse beam emittance, and to achieve the highest possible luminosity. The large demagnification of the beam in the BDS and the high beam power puts extreme conditions on any measuring device. With conventional techniques at their operational limit in FLC scenarios, new methods for the detection of the transverse beam size have to be developed. For this laser based techniques are proposed capable of measuring high power beams with sizes in the micrometer range. In this paper general aspects and critical issues of a generic device are outlined and specific solutions proposed. Plans to install a laser wire experiment at an accelerator test facility are presented.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117103486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Middendorf, F. Brumwell, J. Dooling, M. Lien, G. Mcmichael
{"title":"The IPNS RCS RF-system third cavity upgrade","authors":"M. Middendorf, F. Brumwell, J. Dooling, M. Lien, G. Mcmichael","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.986491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.986491","url":null,"abstract":"The IPNS RCS is a rapid cycling synchrotron used to accelerate protons from 50 MeV to 450 MeV, 30 times per second. Currently, two single-gap, ferrite-loaded coaxial cavities, located 180/spl deg/ apart, provide a total peak accelerating voltage of approximately 21 kV over the 2.2 MHz to 5.1 MHz revolution frequency band. An amplifier chain, which includes a 2 kW predriver, a 20 kW driver and a 100 kW final, drives each cavity. A third RF system, consisting of a cavity, cavity bias supply, and amplifier chain, is currently under construction. When complete, this upgrade will provide flexibility in operation that is expected to enhance reliability (i.e., three cavity operation at higher total accelerating voltage, three cavity operation at lower voltage per cavity, or two cavity operation with an on-line spare). In addition, the third cavity will provide an experimental station for second harmonic RF cavity studies. We report progress to date.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"12 Suppl 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115965511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Particle physics-future directions","authors":"C. Quigg","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.987624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.987624","url":null,"abstract":"Wonderful opportunities await particle physics over the next decade, with the coming of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN to explore the 1-TeV scale (extending efforts at LEP and the Tevatron to unravel the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking) and many initiatives to develop our understanding of the problem of identity: what makes a neutrino a neutrino and a top quark a top quark. Here I have in mind the work of the B factories and the Tevatron collider on CP violation and the weak interactions of the b quark; the wonderfully sensitive experiments at Brookhaven, CERN, Fermilab, and Frascati on CP violation and rare decays of kaons; the prospect of definitive accelerator experiments on neutrino oscillations and the nature of the neutrinos; and a host of new experiments on the sensitivity frontier. We might even learn to read experiment for clues about the dimensionality of spacetime. If we are inventive enough, we may be able to follow this rich menu with the physics opportunities offered by a linear collider and a (muon storage ring) neutrino factory.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115447829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Czarapata, D. Hartill, S. Myers, S. Peggs, N. Phinney, M. Serio, N. Toge, F. Willeke, C. Zhang
{"title":"How to commission, operate and maintain a large future accelerator complex from far remote sites","authors":"P. Czarapata, D. Hartill, S. Myers, S. Peggs, N. Phinney, M. Serio, N. Toge, F. Willeke, C. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.987487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.987487","url":null,"abstract":"A study on future large accelerators has considered a facility, which is designed, built and operated by a worldwide collaboration of equal partner institutions, and which is remote from most of these institutions. The full range of operation was considered including commissioning, machine development, maintenance, trouble shooting and repair. Experience from existing accelerators confirms that most of these activities are already performed 'remotely'. The large high-energy physics experiments and astronomy projects, already involve international collaborations of distant institutions. Based on this experience, the prospects for a machine operated remotely from far sites are encouraging. Experts from each laboratory would remain at their home institution but continue to participate in the operation of the machine after construction. Experts are required to be on site only during initial commissioning and for particularly difficult problems. Repairs require an on-site non-expert maintenance crew. Most of the interventions can be made without an expert and many of the rest resolved with remote assistance. There appears to be no technical obstacle to controlling an accelerator from a distance. The major challenge is to solve the complex management and communication problems.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124564542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sullivan, M. Biagini, J. Seeman, U. Wienands, M. Placidi
{"title":"The PEP-N interaction region","authors":"M. Sullivan, M. Biagini, J. Seeman, U. Wienands, M. Placidi","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.988180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.988180","url":null,"abstract":"The PEP-N project consists of a small, very low-energy e/sup -/ storage ring (VLER) located in one of the interaction-straight regions of PEP-II. The small ring is brought into collision with the low-energy (3.1 GeV) e/sup +/ beam (LER). The center-of-mass energies from this collision are between the /spl Phi/ and J//spl psi/ resonances. We achieve a head-on collision through the use! of a central magnetic dipole field that generates a large horizontal bending field. This field is also the central field of the detector. The large energy range of the VLER, in order to maximize the center-of-mass energy range, complicates the collision point geometry. In order to maintain the beam orbits near the collision point two techniques are used. The first is to scale the central dipole field up and down with the energy of the VLER and the second is to use passive shielding to decrease the integral B/spl middot/dl of the dipole field seen by the VLER. Changes in the orbit of the LER are corrected with local bending magnets. Further details of the interaction region geometry as well as design issues that include synchrotron radiation from the high-current positron beam are discussed.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122689077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Biagini, Y. Cai, J. Seeman, M. Sullivan, U. Wienands, M. Placidi
{"title":"A low-energy ring lattice design for the PEP-N project","authors":"M. Biagini, Y. Cai, J. Seeman, M. Sullivan, U. Wienands, M. Placidi","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.988170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.988170","url":null,"abstract":"The PEP-N project at SLAC consists of a Very Low Energy small electron Ring (VLER) that will collide with the low-energy 3.1 GeV positron beam (LER) of PEP-II, producing center-of-mass energies between 1.1 GeV and the J//spl psi/. The beams will collide head-on and will be separated in the detector magnetic field which is part of the Interaction Region (IR). The IP /spl beta/ functions were chosen such as to optimize both luminosity and beam- beam tune shifts, while keeping the LER tune shifts small. This paper describes the lattice of the VLER for the 'baseline' design at 500 MeV.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126405381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Volk, J. DiMarco, G. Foster, W. Fowler, V. Kashikhin, A. Makarov, V. Tsvetkov, C. Rago, A. Ringwall, C. Spencer, Z. Wolf
{"title":"Adjustable permanent quadrupoles for the Next Linear Collider","authors":"J. Volk, J. DiMarco, G. Foster, W. Fowler, V. Kashikhin, A. Makarov, V. Tsvetkov, C. Rago, A. Ringwall, C. Spencer, Z. Wolf","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.987474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.987474","url":null,"abstract":"The proposed Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require over 1400 adjustable quadrupoles between the main linacs' accelerator structures. These 12.7 mm bore quadrupoles will have a range of integrated strength from 0.6 to 138 Tesla, with a maximum gradient of 141 Tesla per meter, an adjustment range of +0 to -20% and effective lengths from 324 mm to 972 mm,. The magnetic center must remain stable to within 1 micron during the 20% adjustment. In an effort to reduce costs and increase reliability, several designs using hybrid permanent magnets have been developed. Four different prototypes have been built. All magnets have iron poles and use samarium cobalt to provide the magnetic fields. Two use rotating permanent magnetic material to vary the gradient, one uses a sliding shunt to vary the gradient and the fourth uses counter rotating magnets. Preliminary data on gradient strength, temperature stability, and magnetic center position stability are presented. These data are compared to an equivalent electromagnetic prototype.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123792115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative study of medium damped and detuned linear accelerator structures","authors":"J. Ostiguy, K. Ng, Z. Li, R. Jones","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.988254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.988254","url":null,"abstract":"Long range wakefields are a serious concern for a future linear collider based on room temperature accelerating structures. They can be suppressed either by detuning and or local damping or with some combination of both strategies. Detuning relies on precisely phasing the contributions of the dipole modes excited by the passage of a single bunch. This is accomplished by controlling individual mode frequencies, a process which dictates individual cell dimensional tolerances. Each mode must be excited with the correct strength; this in turn, determines cell-to-cell alignment tolerances. In contrast, in a locally damped structure, the modes are attenuated at the cell level. Clearly, mode frequencies and relative excitation become less critical in that context; mechanical fabrication tolerances can be relaxed. While local damping is ideal from the standpoint of long range wakefield suppression, this comes at the cost of reducing the shunt impedance and possibly unacceptable localized heating. Recently, the Medium Damped Structure (MDS), a compromise between detuning and local damping, has generated some interest. In this paper, we compare a hypothetical MDS to the NLC Rounded Damped Detuned Structure (RDDS) and investigate possible advantages from the standpoint fabrication tolerances and their relation to beam stability and emittance preservation.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129723321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.H. Miller, R. Jones, C. Adolphsen, G. Bowden, V. Dolgashev, N. Kroll, Z. Li, R. Loewen, C. Ng, C. Pearson, T. Raubenheimer, R. Ruth, Sami G. Tantawi, J.W. Wang
{"title":"Room temperature accelerator structures for linear colliders","authors":"R.H. Miller, R. Jones, C. Adolphsen, G. Bowden, V. Dolgashev, N. Kroll, Z. Li, R. Loewen, C. Ng, C. Pearson, T. Raubenheimer, R. Ruth, Sami G. Tantawi, J.W. Wang","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.988264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.988264","url":null,"abstract":"Early tests of short low group velocity and standing wave structures indicated the viability of operating X-band linacs with accelerating gradients in excess of 100 MeV/m. Conventional scaling of traveling wave traveling wave linacs with frequency scales the cell dimensions with /spl lambda/. Because Q scales as /spl lambda//sup 1/2/, the length of the structures scale not linearly but as /spl lambda//sup 3/2/ in order to preserve the attenuation through each structure. For the NLC we chose not to follow this scaling from the SLAC S-band linac to its fourth harmonic at the X-band. We wanted to increase the length of the structures to reduce the number of couplers and waveguide drives which can be a significant part of the cost of a microwave linac. Furthermore, scaling the iris size of the disk-loaded structures gave unacceptably high short range dipole wakefields. Consequently, we chose to go up a factor of about 5 in average group velocity and length of the structures, which increases the power fed to each structure by the same factor and decreases the short range dipole wakes by a similar factor. Unfortunately, these longer (1.8 m) structures have not performed nearly as well in high gradient tests as the short structures. We believe we have at least a partial understanding of the reason and will discuss it below. We are now studying two types of short structures with large apertures with moderately good efficiency including: 1) traveling wave structures with the group velocity lowered by going to large phase advance per period with bulges on the iris, 2) /spl pi/ mode standing wave structures.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125566795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Yamada, K. Takayama, J. Kishiro, M. Wake, T. Toyama, Y. Shimosaki
{"title":"62-TeV center of mass hadron collider with capability for super bunch beams","authors":"R. Yamada, K. Takayama, J. Kishiro, M. Wake, T. Toyama, Y. Shimosaki","doi":"10.1109/PAC.2001.988042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAC.2001.988042","url":null,"abstract":"A two staged 62 TeV center of mass hadron collider is proposed. In the first stage the center of mass energy will be 14 TeV with 2 Tesla dipole magnets. With Superbunch beams, the luminosity is expected to be increased by a factor of 15, compared with conventional acceleration using RF cavities. To accelerate Superbunch beams, the barrier bucket induction cells and acceleration induction cells will be used, which are made of FINEMET material. The core loss of the FINEMET is estimated to be acceptable. The synchrotron radiation of the collider is also estimated. In the second stage, 10 Tesla high field dipole magnets will be installed, and the application of Superbunch is being studied.","PeriodicalId":313758,"journal":{"name":"PACS2001. Proceedings of the 2001 Particle Accelerator Conference (Cat. No.01CH37268)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115707788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}