2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference最新文献

{"title":"NextGen trajectory approaches with air-air negotiation protocol","authors":"D. Sarinena, C. Barrado, E. Pastor, J. Tristancho","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347502","url":null,"abstract":"Current and future air traffic is requiring new procedures and systems to achieve a greater automation and efficiency of the air traffic operations. On controlled air space and airports, centralized ATC support the real time complexity of air traffic management. But on non-controlled aerodromes, used mainly by general aviation, the absence of ATC support may limit the increase of this type of air traffic. General aviation aircraft fly under VFR and only when weather and visibility conditions are good. Their flight is the closest approach to free flight new concept but without the technological support of avionics to make decisions. An aeronautical radio and a GPS are in most cases their available technologies on board. This paper proposes an air-air negotiation protocol for general aviation approaching an aerodrome without ATC. The technological requirement of the protocol is the aeronautical radio enhanced with an ACARS avionics. A fast decision making algorithm is proposed to solve landing time requests based on changes in speed and on the use of a same landing procedure. The protocol has been tested for several scenarios involving up to ten aircraft with satisfactory results.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125707372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementing logical synchrony in integrated modular avionics","authors":"Steven P. Miller, D. Cofer, L. Sha, J. Meseguer, A. Al-Nayeem","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347579","url":null,"abstract":"Many avionics systems must be implemented as redundant, distributed systems in order to provide the necessary level of fault tolerance. To correctly perform their function, the individual nodes of these systems must agree on some part of the global system state. Developing protocols to achieve this agreement is greatly simplified if the nodes execute synchronously relative to each other, but many Integrated Modular Avionics architectures assume nodes will execute asynchronously. This paper presents a simple design pattern, Physically Asynchronous/Logically Synchronous (PALS), that allows developers to design and verify a distributed, redundant system as though all nodes execute synchronously. This synchronous design can then be distributed over a physically asynchronous architecture in such a way that the logical correctness of the design is preserved. Use of this complexity reducing design pattern greatly simplifies the development and verification of fault tolerant distributed applications, ensures optimal system performance, and provides a standard argument for system certification.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"14 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130282960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposing improvements to avoid the CRC compromise and the silent specification","authors":"C. Rogers","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347445","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we examine the issues and benefits associated with the use of cyclic redundancy checks (CRC)s that manifest during the later phases of safety-critical software development projects. We look at some less obvious details that will potentially increase return on investment (ROI), avoid common DO-178B certification planning and design difficulties, as well as, speed development and integration. We propose software build process improvements with promise to improve version integrity, executable integrity, version identification, and executable identification. We examine the role of CRCs in software configuration management (SCM) and propose their potential for partial satisfaction of DO-178B objectives, like traceability. We look at time-saving steps for integrating with systems that use one of three standard algorithms. Of particular interest, we provide a table of residues from faulty algorithms and their likely causes and remedies, and provide overlooked tips for asynchronous communication devices to aid in the late development phase. There are analysis and data collection techniques proposed to support initial data transfer error rate claims in the early assessment of system integrity and availability, and to show the satisfaction of established bounds.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133927540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing tactical alert function accuracy performance","authors":"S. Torres, E. McKay","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347519","url":null,"abstract":"An effective test program for the evaluation of the performance of the Short Term Conflict Alert (STCA) function must consider the definition of the test scenario, assessment metrics, and alert classification rules. This paper discusses test issues encountered using a realistic scenario based on live data. The paper describes a method to obtain systematic and automated measurements of nuisance rate, missed rate, and alert response time for a realistic traffic scenario. Based on experience using live data, the concept of a valid alert is introduced to deal with an alert that is not associated with an actual conflict nor considered to be a nuisance alert (e.g., an alert issued prior to an aircraft maneuver that avoids loss of separation). To classify alerts as nuisance or valid, and to check timeliness of alerts associated with a conflict, the approach relies on the comparison of the alerts declared by the system with those that would be expected from “truth data” projected forward in time (linear predictor) — truth data defined as the actual aircraft paths. Detailed alert classification rules addressing issues encountered in performance testing with realistic scenario data are described. Approaches to obtaining a representation of “truth data” are referenced. The method of using a Test Predictor operating on truth data in association with alert classification rules was used in performance evaluation of, and problem identification related to, the tactical alert function in the En Route Automation Modernization (ERAM) system and for studies of the Common Automated Radar Terminal System (Common ARTS). Aspects of the performance measurement approach described herein may be applicable to the development of accuracy requirements of future systems.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128918998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of multicore processors in avionics systems and its potential impact on implementation and certification","authors":"L. Kinnan","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347560","url":null,"abstract":"With the wide availability of multiple core (multicore) processors, their reduced space, weight and power (SWaP) properties make them extremely attractive for use in Avionics systems. In order to implement a solution on a multicore platform, the developer will be confronted with numerous implementation and certification issues that are not present in unicore or discrete multiple processor implementations. These issues involve both hardware and software aspects of certification and the interoperation of the two. This paper will provide guidance to the developer on the issues that must be addressed from both a hardware and software aspect in order to understand the potential and limitations of multicore solutions.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127856998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of reported NACP in surveillance and broadcast services systems","authors":"R. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347431","url":null,"abstract":"The Surveillance and Broadcast Services System (SBSS) is tasked in part with fusing NAS radar surveillance data with ADS-B data in order to provide (1) Validated ADS-B reports to ATC, and (2) a complete picture of ADS-B equipped and non-equipped aircraft to participating Traffic Information Services-Broadcast (TIS-B) clients. In order to support these functions, the multi-sensor tracker (MST) within the SBS system must translate the ADS-B avionics reported NACp to a measurement covariance in order to complete the IMM-Kalman fusion process. It is important that the reported NACp, within the confines of the NACp construct, provide an accurate assessment of the position quality contained in the respective ADS-B report with respect to the reported time of applicability. This paper assesses NACp jitter position quality through analysis of more than one million ADS-B reports recently collected in the SBSS network. Characterizations are made for each NACp number for which there are sufficient data, and distinctions are made in characterizing NACp quality between UAT, 1090 ES (DO-260) and 1090 ES (DO-260A).","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133799540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of human factors issues within a future separation assurance concept","authors":"Christopher Cabrall, Lynne Martin, Paul U. Lee, Kimberly K. Jobe","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347469","url":null,"abstract":"The human factors (HF) impact of sweeping changes in the roles of human operators, as well as the introduction of new technologies, are being studied in NASA's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). As part of a NASA funded project [1], a walkthrough technique was constructed to examine the effectiveness of using a low-cost method for looking at NextGen concepts in detail within a concrete operational context. A ground-based Separation Assurance (SA) concept was chosen as a specific example and its instantiation for a high-level en route air traffic controller position was selected as the focus. Test run recordings from a previous study [2] provided four off-nominal events as stimuli for our walkthrough. Each event was analyzed to identify its progression due to an action by the controller or the automation. Based on reviews of four NextGen research concepts [1, 3], 18 HF themes were selected as key areas affected by introducing NextGen automation for the SA function. These encompassed cognitive and organizational topics including attention, workload and job responsibilities. A walkthrough was constructed by applying these themes as questions to relevant points in a set of events. Six retired controllers watched each event three times. First, the event was played in real time; second, the event was stepped through and a question with a cognitive theme was asked; and third, the event was stepped through again and an organization question was asked. Participants' answers were recorded and later transcribed. Qualitative analyses selected questions that addressed the 18 themes. Results indicated valuable unique operational insights into the problems for the NextGen SA concept not previously available through human-in-the-loop simulations alone. Given that other concept exploration methods are resource-intensive (e.g. Human in the Loop), the cognitive walkthrough was found to be a low cost and reasonably rapid method for exploring HF issues. The use of a dynamic “storyboard” to provide the stimulus for the walkthrough questions, while moving away from the original cognitive walkthrough method, was considered to be essential in the domain due to the spatial and dynamic nature of controllers' expertise.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115528385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactions between single-center dynamic resectorization and NextGen TFM","authors":"G. Hunter","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347542","url":null,"abstract":"This paper documents results we obtained from meta-simulation experiments which included both dynamic airspace configuration (DAC) and Traffic Flow Management (TFM) automated decision making. The DAC decision making operated in the Chicago Center and the TFM decision making was national airspace system (NAS) wide. Our results give preliminary indications of performance improvement due to these tools and of interaction effects between the tools. The paper concludes with a discussion of recommended future research directions.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124559471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of IEEE 802.15.4 for aerospace wireless sensor networks","authors":"Jianhua Liu, I. Demirkiran, Thomas T. Yang, A. Helfrick","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347576","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless communications has been a reliable data link means in many aerospace applications, including critical ones. The major concern for using wireless links for aerospace sensors is the feasibility of their in the aerospace setting; i.e., whether wireless links will negatively affect the overall reliability and safety of the aircrafts. In a previous paper, we studied the feasibility issue and concluded that with appropriate choice of wireless communication schemes and parameters, the wireless links can have reasonable immunity to interferences, low interference to other on-board wireless systems, and good security performance. In this paper, we consider the feasibility of adapting an existing technology, IEEE 802.15.4, to implement the wireless links for aerospace sensors, with focuses on immunity to interferences and data security. We conclude that a wireless network based on IEEE 802.15.4-compatible devices is appropriate for non-critical aerospace applications, at least from building a demo system's point of view.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114601687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TTEthernet: Time-triggered services for Ethernet networks","authors":"W. Steiner","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347573","url":null,"abstract":"Not Available for Publication","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114977248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}