Intersections最新文献

{"title":"Individual success, collective failure?","authors":"J. Durst, Ákos Huszár","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1046","url":null,"abstract":"Public dialogue about social mobility in many countries has recently been dominated by the myth of meritocracy and uses a neo-liberal vocabulary of aspiration, ambition, and choice, considering mobility as an individual project of self-advancement involving moving up in the social hierarchy (Lawler & Payne, 2018; Friedman & Laurison, 2020). Meritocracy suggests that whatever your social position at birth, society ought to offer enough opportunity and mobility for ‘talent’, when combined with ‘effort’, to ‘rise to the top’. This idea is one of the most prevalent social and cultural tropes of our time (Littler, 2017). In this discourse, social mobility is the new panacea for wider historic and social ills, and the answer to the increase in classed and racialised inequalities. This special issue aims to challenge this widespread public and political discourse by deploying the sociological perspectives of social mobility and asking how (upward but also downward) mobility works, how fluid our contemporary societies are, what mobility means for those experiencing it, and what the social implications are of ‘individual […] success at the cost of collective failure’ (Reay, 2018). As an educational sociologist and academic with a working-class background, Diane Reay (2013) argues that ‘[a]t the collective level, social mobility is no solution to either educational inequalities or wider social and economic injustices. But at the individual level it is also an inadequate solution, particularly for those of us whose social mobility was driven by a desire to “put things right” and “make things better” for the communities we came from and the people we left behind.’ (Reay, 2013, p. 674). The papers in this issue are testimony to the theoretical stance that upward social mobility cannot be seen as an individual project but needs to be understood and analysed in the wider context of social inequalities (among others, Lawler & Payne, 2018; Friedman & Laurison, 2020; Bukodi & Goldthorpe, 2019). The authors tackle the topic of social mobility from two perspectives. The first group of the research papers measure and analyse social mobility processes using the conventional occupation and education indexes and the not-so-conventional ‘soft’ variables of the intergenerational transmission of parental capital(s) on mobility outcomes. Beyond these mainstream mobility studies, the second group of articles consists of ‘marginal research’ (Lawler & Payne, 2018), or small-scale investigations that provide readers with insights into how upwardly and downwardly mobile people experience mobility when they have to travel through social spaces, leaving behind one class and adjusting to life in another.","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Support for reducing inequality in the new Russia","authors":"S. Mareeva, E. Slobodenyuk, V. Anikin","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.782","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the issue of the interrelation between different types of social mobility and support for reducing income inequality in contemporary Russia. Drawing from the Russian subsets of the International Social Survey Programme’s (ISSP) surveys, we estimate how this support is differentiated across experienced and expected subjective mobility. Official statistics and empirical survey data widely confirm that the large-scale socioeconomic changes that took place in Russia during the 2000s brought an increase in living standards for most population groups and a more-than-twofold reduction in poverty. However, according to the ISSP data, demand for the government to reduce income differences is at its highest level since 1992. More than 90 per cent of Russians unequivocally perceive income gaps in the country as too high (the same as in the late 1990s) and unfair. We test the effects of actual and expected mobility, showing that, in contrast to the literature, including earlier studies on Russia, past mobility and expected medium-term mobility do not have any significant effect on levels of support for reducing income differences, and only the effect of short-term expectations can be seen. We argue that the effect of social mobility in Russia is limited by a widespread consensus across the population that preexisting inequalities in Russia are too high and unfair – a viewpoint based mostly not on the specifics of individual situations, including experienced or expected mobility, but on shared subjective norms and beliefs about inequality and their contrast with existing reality.","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83010068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shift in drivers of migration","authors":"B. Xiang, Susana Narotzky, Pei-Chia Lan","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77746046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The intersection of lifestyle and ideology in migration","authors":"S. Davies, Matthew Hayes, Margit Feischmidt","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1064","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit of cultural authenticity, environmental purity, and meaningful social rela tions has become the global hallmark of the ‘postmaterialist’ middle class (Inglehart, 2018). Beck and Nyíri’s (2022) Chinese interlocutors were attracted specifically to a Euro pean rather than an Anglo-American version of modernity, which they perceive as more capitalistic and therefore more similar to China’s (‘pastoral Occidentalism’ in Fran Mar tin’s term). It stands for a wholesomeness they see as gone from Chinese society. Since the 2010s, the pursuit of authenticity has become increasingly intertwined with the na tivist backlash against liberal democracy. But while the authenticity nativists wish to re claim usually lies in one’s own imagined past, in this case, the nostalgia is projected onto someone else’s imagined past. In this optic, lifestyle migrations may intersect in unex pected ways with currents of ideologies of environmental, cultural, and racial purity. How does a destination country’s symbolic meaning for immigrants relate to ideology? What do we know about the scale of this phenomenon? Is the quest for authenticity/puri ty (both in physical and spiritual terms) an important driver of migration? How should we understand the interplay between economy and ideology, particularly when destina tion countries are on lower rungs of the global development hierarchy? Should we rein -terpret/revise the notion of flexible citizenship as a tool for maximising economic accu mulation (Ong, 1999) in order to accommodate these developments?","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82555874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cosmopolitans in a farmhouse","authors":"K. Németh","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an attempt to offer a specific perspective on the interrelation and complexity of the spatial and social mobility trajectory and its multi-layered effects on habitus. This family case study is based on two semi-structured family history interviews. Its protagonist is a return migrant who is deeply embedded in the periphery (tanyavilág) of a Hungarian rural town. After spending almost fifteen years in the UK, she moved back to this relatively marginalised micro-place and bought an old farmhouse. The interpretation of her periodical migration trajectory focuses on the process of change in habitus and interprets the question of the ‘emotional cost’ of migration through the interrelation of spatial and social mobility. This perspective emphasises the spatial aspects of how mobility can dynamize the practical and emotional aspects of dislocation and belonging, while offering an insight into the adaptation of habitus. It is primarily examined through a homemaking process, which reveals the reconciliation of different place-based, family-inherited, and newly developed (migration-related) dispositions. This Bourdieusian interpretation shows that this home is a materialised reality as well as a symbol of social and spatial position. This harmonious ‘sense of (social) place’ (Hillier & Rocksby, 2002) can be grasped in terms of taste and lifestyle, revealing that ‘freedom of choice’ is the lived meaning of this intergenerational social mobility trajectory, which was fuelled by transnational migration.","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83346783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of children and parenting in migration","authors":"Krzysztof Kardaszewicz, Fanni Beck, Anders Sybrandt Hansen, Andrew B. Kipnis","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1062","url":null,"abstract":"Participants in the second panel discussed the role of children and parenting in middle-class migration. When Nyíri (1999) did research among an earlier wave of Chinese migrants in Hungary, concern for the present welfare of the child was absent, although it was encompassed in migrant narratives that presented the future material welfare of the family, understood as more or less extended kin, as the purpose of migration. Today’s middle-class migrants explain migration as serving the emotional and mental health of the child, in many cases attended to by both parents living in a state of semi-retirement and leaving their own parents and other kin behind (Beck & Nyíri, 2022). These migrants appear to practice an extreme form of ‘intensive parenting’, which Yan Yunxiang (2021) sees as contributing to the state-led ideology of ‘neofamilism’, but many are far from fol-lowing the filial piety it prescribes. How generalisable is this centrality of children? Is it sufficient to subsume children in the framework of reproduction or is it important to re-gard them as agents shaping migration? How is middle-class migration shaped by shift-ing family ideologies, and how does it shape or challenge them?","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85928983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Under the long shadow of working-class origins","authors":"Z. Arendas","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i2.1024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78991268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-compulsory compliance with the EU: Implementation of European Semester recommendations in the Visegrad countries","authors":"András Bíró-Nagy, Gergely Laki","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i1.833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i1.833","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the extent to which Visegrad countries take into account country-specific recommendations received within the framework of the European Semester, and the level of implementation experienced in the region as compared to that in the European Union. Based on a database created by using assessments of the European Commission’s annual country reports, we discuss not only the national-level implementation of recommendations within a term of one year, but also their long-term implementation. According to the annual assessments, the four Visegrad countries all belong to the second half of the field for the EU as a whole, with slightly below ‘some progress’ achieved in implementing recommendations. However, the impact of EU recommendations on the public policy decisions of Member States is much greater in the longer term than annual assessments can show. Important proof of this statement is that, over a multi-annual period, the Orbán government took measures addressing nearly two-thirds of EU recommendations, which were assessed as at least ‘some progress’ by the European Commission. In overall terms, this study demonstrates that European integration can make an impact on Member States not only through hard, binding instruments and exclusive powers, but also in a softer way, through public policy coordination.","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74260009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘All that custom has divided’","authors":"Bertalan Bordás","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i1.796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i1.796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85730197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Government-Opposition Voters (EGOV) Data Set: Data on the government-opposition status of European voters and party identifiers","authors":"Veronika Patkós, Bendegúz Plesz","doi":"10.17356/ieejsp.v8i1.887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i1.887","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes a new dataset, the European Government-Opposition Voters Data Set (EGOV), which categorizes European voters and party identifiers based on their individual party preferences, dividing them into pro-government and pro-opposition groups. The dataset includes two variables that can be used to supplement the integrated data sets of the European Social Survey project, which publishes one of the most comprehensive and most widely used social scientific database covering Europe. The present data enables the recoding of (any part of) an integrated dataset containing responses from more than 420 000 respondents in 33 European countries between 2002 and 2020, covering eight data waves and 215 country-years. The EGOV Data Set facilitates research that includes the aspect of respondents’ government-opposition status either as an independent or a control variable. Being a winner or a loser in a political sense strongly influences not only political opinions but also a wide set of perceptions from subjective well-being to economic performance. This way, these data could be especially helpful for research addressing polarization, institutional trust, economic perceptions and well-being.","PeriodicalId":31153,"journal":{"name":"Intersections","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85348446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}